This study examines the relationship between public transport provision and urban equity through a comparative spatial analysis of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in two Indonesian coastal cities: Jakarta and Semarang. The novelty of this study lies in its comparative spatial analysis of BRT accessibility between a metropolitan and an intermediate coastal city, highlighting how contrasting urban morphologies shape spatial equity outcomes in developing coastal contexts. Using a geographic information system based approach, the research evaluates residential coverage within a 500-m walking buffer as a proxy for accessibility equity. The findings reveal that while Jakarta’s extensive BRT corridors coexist with urban sprawl and severe congestion, Semarang’s more compact urban form enables higher spatial inclusion of its residents. These results highlight how differing urban structures and governance capacities shape patterns of transport accessibility. However, as equity is assessed primarily through spatial accessibility, the findings should be interpreted as a spatial approximation rather than a comprehensive measure of transport equity. To address identified disparities, this study proposes targeted mitigation strategies, including the integration of feeder and microtransit services to improve first–last mile connectivity in Jakarta’s peripheral areas, as well as the application of transit-oriented development (TOD) and land-use control measures to promote compact growth around BRT corridors. In Semarang, strategies focus on strengthening intermodal integration and preventing future urban sprawl to maintain high coverage efficiency. Despite limitations in temporal and socio-economic data, this research provides important insights for advancing more equitable and resilient transport planning in rapidly growing coastal cities.
. This paper presents a systems dynamics model for analyzing interactions in the Gdansk-Malaszewicze intermodal corridor, which is crucial for the Trans-European Transport Network and the New Silk Road in Poland. The model considers demand variability, capacity constraints in Malaszewicze, and the interdependencies among port operations, rail, and road transport. Traditional methods often fail to account for non-linearities, delays, and feedback. Vensim (R) software was utilized to construct a simulation model to define the system's boundaries from the arrival of containers at the Port of Gdansk to their departure from the Malaszewicze area. The model comprises the following subsystems: port operations, rail transport, terminal operations in Malaszewicze, road transport, and demand and policy. Key variables and feedback loops were identified, including the congestion and modal attractiveness loops. The model validation strategy relies on available historical data and simulation scenarios that address changes in NJS volumes, infrastructure upgrades, or pricing policies. Key performance indicators include transit time, unit cost, and reliability. The model aims to enhance understanding of corridor dynamics, assess potential changes, and support corridor development decisions.
This manuscript introduces a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to address the complexities of the multi-depot heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with time windows (MDHVRPTW), incorporating pickups and deliveries, and validates it through a Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry case study. The primary scientific achievement is the development and validation of a four-stage VRP algorithm that comprehensively models and solves real-world operational challenges. These include managing split customer orders (FTL/LTL), intricate vehicle capacity and axle load balancing (considering unloading sequences), route duration constraints (via tachograph data), precise delivery time windows, and an integrated multi-depot network structure. The methodology effectively minimizes routes/vehicles and maximizes route efficiency (e.g., km/ton), while strategically managing vehicle relocations. The findings demonstrate that the proposed approach is an effective decision support tool for VRPs with multiple, conflicting criteria. Furthermore, the research establishes a coherent set of evaluation criteria that are applicable across diverse problem instances, enabling robust solution comparison and fostering an objective basis for complex route planning.
Road accidents remain a major public safety concern in Algeria, with 26,272 accidents, 3,740 deaths, and 35,556 injuries recorded in 2024. Over 90% of these accidents are caused by human error, primarily due to behaviors such as the use of mobile phones while driving and failure to wear seat belts. In response to this critical issue, this paper introduces an advanced detection system to enhance road safety through real-time monitoring of mobile phone usage and seat belt compliance among vehicle occupants. The proposed system uses the state-of-the-art YOLOv11 architecture and consists of three interconnected components: seat belt detection, mobile phone usage detection, and windshield detection. YOLOv11 incorporates key innovations, including C2PSA blocks that enhance spatial awareness and C3k2 modules with smaller kernel sizes, enabling better identification of small and partially occluded objects. The system was developed using a dataset from Roboflow comprising 1,116 images, which was expanded to 2,139 images through augmentation techniques such as flipping, brightness adjustment, and rotation. Training was conducted in Google Colab's graphics processing unit environment with 100 epochs and a batch size of 16. Performance evaluation shows the system’s reliability, achieving a mean average precision of 94.2%, with detection accuracies of 96.5% for seat belts, 99.5% for windshields, and 86.5% for mobile phone usage. These results indicate that the proposed system is a promising tool for monitoring driver behavior and supporting the enforcement of safety regulations, thereby contributing to efforts to reduce accident rates in Algeria.
With the increasing expectation for high-quality medical services, intelligent logistics systems have become important means to enhance logistics efficiency in hospitals. Among them, the robotic logistics system, as an emerging technology, plays an increasingly significant role in hospital intelligent logistics. This study takes the robotic logistics systems of several large tertiary hospitals-such as the First Affiliated (Nansha) Hospital of Sun Yatsen University and Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital-as cases. From both common and context-specific perspectives, the study proposes key principles and planning procedures for the design of hospital robotic logistics transmission systems. Furthermore, an empirical analysis is conducted at Bazhou People's Hospital. The results indicate that the design essentials of a hospital robotic logistics system include an overall logistics line design characterized by "hierarchical separation, functional concentration, and rapid linkage"; an internal spatial organization emphasizing "zonal coordination, streamlined circulation, and seamless connection"; and supporting facilities construction based on "functional compatibility, system integration, and pre-planned reservation." At Bazhou People's Hospital, the system was pre-planned during the architectural design stage, forming an "internal-external, horizontal-vertical circulation network" for the robotic logistics system. The findings contribute to improving the overall efficiency of hospital robotic logistics systems and provide valuable theoretical guidance and a practical reference for the planning and implementation of similar systems in other healthcare institutions.
