专

一种颈椎前路手术可调一体垫

1881020230127676B2

发明人

李甜甜, 李婧, 周非非

受让人

北京大学第三医院（北京大学第三临床医学院）

申请人

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED

申请号

365527D

申请日

2003-09-25

公开(公告)号

1881020230127676B2

公开(公告)日

2022-11-29

IPC分类号

F02B019/14F02B023/00F02B043/00F02M021/02

CPC分类号

优先权号

089344

优先权日

2017-07-13

摘要

In the electrophoretic white or (esp. light) colour enamelling of steel sheet by the two layer/single firing process, the base enamel has the properties: expansion coefficient (0-100 deg.C) less than 165 x 10 power (-7)/K; surface tension more than 300 mN/m.; transformation temp. 480-520 (pref. 490-510) deg.C; and flow value 15-30.

ADVANTAGE -The highly viscous base enamel has good adhesion to steel sheets which have been degreased but not pickled and/or nickel plated and gives faultless enamel surfaces after firing together with an overlying top enamel layer.

权利要求

1. A display system comprising: a controller having an input coupled for receiving a multimedia document, the controller parsing the multimedia document into a first portion and a second portion, the controller translating an embedded instruction in the second portion to perform an instruction for retrieving multimedia data and executing the instruction and the controller further configured for associating the multimedia document with a presentation, wherein associating the multimedia document with the presentation comprises: determining that the presentation is being presented; copying the multimedia document into a data structure associated with the presentation; and storing a time and content index for the presentation in the data structure such that the multimedia document is associated with the presentation, a converting device, coupled to the controller, for converting the first portion to a projectable image data format suitable for display; and a display device, coupled to the converting device and the controller, for generating and projecting an image of the projectable image data and the multimedia data on a screen in a display sequence established by the embedded instruction.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a retrieving device, coupled to the controller and a remote site, for retrieving multimedia data from the remote site, in accordance with the instruction in the second portion.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multimedia data is selected from a group including video data, audio data, or animation data.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller provides the multimedia data to the display device for generation of images.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the converting device is also capable of converting the multimedia data of the second portion to projectable image data format suitable for display.

6. The system of claim 1 further comprising: a printing device coupled to the controller, the printing device for printing image data; and wherein the converting device is capable of converting input data from a printer format to the projectable image data format and for converting input data from the projectable image data format to the printer format.

7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a meeting recording device, coupled to the controller, the recording device for recording incoming audio, video, or print media.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the embedded instruction is in a special markup language.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the special markup language contains a control code describing one from a group of resolution, sequence, color, or aspect ratio of multimedia data to be displayed.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second portion is in comments of a page description language.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the page description language is postscript or PCL.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the converting device includes a multimedia unit and a database, the multimedia unit translating the second portion into instructions and data, and the database storing multimedia data, the multimedia unit and the database coupled to the controller and the display device.

13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a driver for creating a multimedia document, the driver coupled to receive multimedia content and create the multimedia document having a first portion and the second portion.

14. A method for outputting a multimedia document, the method comprising the steps of: receiving the multimedia document; parsing the multimedia document into a first portion and a second portion; converting the first portion of the multimedia document to projectable image data; interpreting an embedded instruction in the second portion to perform an action for retrieving multimedia data; performing the action; outputting the projectable image data and the multimedia data on a screen in a display sequence established by the embedded instruction; associating the multimedia document with a presentation, comprising: determining that the presentation is being presented; copying the multimedia document into a data structure associated with the presentation; and storing a time and content index for the presentation in the data structure such that the multimedia document is associated with the presentation.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising the steps of: creating a print document in a page description language.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second portion includes an address of a remote site from which to retrieve the multimedia data.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the embedded instruction is in a special markup language.

18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second portion includes a control code describing one from the group of resolution, sequence, color, or aspect ratio of multimedia data to be displayed.

19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising the steps of: providing the first portion of the multimedia document to a print engine; and printing the first portion.

20. The method of claim 14 , further comprising the step of storing the multimedia document in a projector memory for later use.

21. The method of claim 14 further comprising the steps of: retrieving multimedia data using the second portion of the multimedia document; providing the first portion of multimedia document to a print engine; converting the retrieved multimedia data into a data file formatted in a standard printer language; providing the data file to the print engine; and printing the first portion of the multimedia document and the data file in a print sequence established by instructions in the second portion of the multimedia document.

22. A method for creating a multimedia document in a digital projection system including a personal computer and a digital projector, the method comprising the steps of: creating a first document in page description language at the personal computer; creating a presentation document with a presentation format at the personal computer; converting the presentation document into video data at the personal computer; embedding the video data into the first document at the personal computer; and transmitting the first document from the personal computer to an I/O controller of the digital projector for: parsing the first document, with a parsing device, the parsing device coupled to the I/O controller, into a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion contains the page description language and the second portion contains the video data; converting the first portion of the multimedia document into projectable image data suitable for display; and projecting an image of the projectable image data and the video data, in accordance with a display embedded within the presentation format.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of embedding includes inserting the video data in the first document by adding a comment that includes the video data.

24. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of converting, also converts the video data to projectable image data suitable for display.

25. A method for displaying a multimedia document using a projector, the method comprising the steps of: receiving the multimedia document; parsing the multimedia document into a printer format portion and a comment portion, wherein the comment portion includes an instruction to retrieve multimedia data from a remote site; converting the printer format portion of the multimedia document into projectable image data suitable for display; interpreting the comment portion of the multimedia document to control display of the projectable image data; performing the instruction in the interpreted comment portion to retrieve the multimedia data from the remote site; generating and projecting an output image from the converted projectable image data and projecting the multimedia data in a display sequence established by the comment.

26. A method for creating a multimedia document in a digital projection system including a personal computer and a digital projector, the method comprising the steps of: creating a first document in page description language at the personal computer; retrieving at the personal computer a presentation in a presentation format; converting the presentation into one or more video segments at the personal computer; embedding at the personal computer the one or more video segments in the first document; transmitting the first document to the digital projector for: parsing the first document into the one or more video segments; converting the one or more video segments into projectable image data suitable for display; and projecting an image of the projectable image data.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of embedding includes inserting information about an order of the one or more video segments.

28. The method of claim 26 wherein the one or more video segments are concatenated together.

29. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of projecting is responsive to user input received at the projector.

说明书

[0001]FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to an optical sensor as well as a method for producing the same, and its use. BACKGROUND INFORMATION [0002] Optical sensors for determining the carbon monoxide content in the air are used, among other things, in fire alarms. Their function is based on the fact that a layer sensitive to carbon monoxide changes color reversibly upon contact with the gas to be ascertained. This change of color is recorded by a detector, and when a predetermined minimum concentration is exceeded, an alarm is triggered. [0003] In U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,493 such a carbon monoxide sensor is described. It includes two substrates to which sensitive layers are applied. One of the layers is provided especially for low humidity and low air temperature, the other for a higher temperature and humidity. In order to be able to detect the color change of the sensitive layers at contact with carbon monoxide, a light-emitting diode is provided as radiation source in the fire alarm described, whose light passes through the sensitive layers. The absorption appearing during this process is ascertained, using a photodiode. However, such a sensor does not have the sensitivity suited to strict standards, and has a long response time. [0004] The present invention is based on the object of making available a carbon monoxide sensor having great sensitivity and a short response time. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] The optical sensor according to the present invention has the advantage that it has a very short response time and very high sensitivity to carbon monoxide. This is achieved by adding a transition metal compound to the sensitive layer of the sensor, which reversibly undergoes chemical bonding with CO, and thus actively brings carbon monoxide in the air to the sensitive layer. This makes possible the rapid reaction of the sensor to changing carbon monoxide concentrations, but also a lowering of the response threshold of the sensitive layer. The sensitive layer is preferably deposited as a thin film on a translucent substrate. [0006] As a transition metal compound, copper(I) chloride is suitable above all, since it rapidly and effectively forms complexes with carbon dioxide at room temperature. [0007] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the sensitive layer includes a matrix of hydrogel, since carbon monoxide has a substantially higher diffusion constant and solubility in aqueous media than in the usual polymer layers. This further raises the sensitivity and lowers the response time.

[0002]BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING [0008] The FIGURE shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the optical sensor according to the present invention.

[0003]DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0009] The optical sensor 10 illustrated in the FIGURE contains a radiation source 12 which may be such as a light-emitting diode, and a detector 14 which is developed, for example, as a photodiode. Between the radiation source 12 and the detector 14 a translucent substrate 16 is positioned. For the material of the translucent substrate 16, other optically transparent substances such as polymethacrylates can be used. [0010] On the substrate 16 there is a sensitive layer 18, which reversibly changes its color when a minimum concentration of carbon monoxide is exceeded. The sensitive layer 18 includes a matrix in which there are the compounds responsible for the sensitivity of the sensor. In a preferred embodiment of the sensitive layer 18, this matrix is made of a hydrogel, but other polymers are also suitable, such as PVC and ethylcellulose. The use of hydrogel as matrix simplifies the production of the sensitive layer, since the substances further provided in the sensitive layer are predominantly water soluble metal salts, and, because of the water content of the hydrogel, they distribute themselves in it very homogeneously in dissolved form. [0011] Beyond that, the sensitive layer 18 demonstrates a very good response to carbon monoxide when a hydrogel is used as matrix, since the diffusion constant and the solubility of CO in water are substantially higher than in the usual polymers. [0012] In order to deliver the carbon monoxide present in the air as rapidly as possible, and in sufficient quantity to the sensitive layer 18, the latter preferably contains a transition metal compound which reversibly forms so-called carbonyl complexes with carbon monoxide, rapidly and with high yield. Suitable for this are compounds of the transition metals manganese, rhenium or iron (II), as well as the halides of rhodium, iridium and copper (I). The use of copper(I) chloride is especially preferred. [0013] Besides a transition metal compound for the improved take-up of carbon monoxide into the sensitive layer 18, the latter contains further substances used for detecting the carbon monoxide content of the air. These may be divided into three groups. Specifically, these are palladium salts as redox catalysts, molybdenum compounds as redox indicators, whose color change indicates the presence of carbon monoxide, and copper(II) compounds to guarantee the reversibility of the color change. [0014] In general, as the palladium salts, all water soluble salts of bivalent palladium can be used which are able to catalyze the reaction from CO to CO2 This applies above all to palladium halides. During the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide the bivalent palladium goes over into an oxidation state of 0. [0015] Palladium in oxidation state 0 is in a position to reduce a molybdenum(VI) compound which is also contained in the sensitive layer. As molybdenum compound, for example, molybdoorthosilicic acid, H4[Si(Mo3O10)4]*xH2O is used. In this process, the molybdenum goes over into oxidation state +III, and the compound shows a color change from yellow to blue. This is detected by an absorption or transmission measurement in the wavelength range from 500 to 1100 nm. [0016] To guarantee the reversibility of the color change, the sensitive layer 18 also contains a copper(II) compound, such as copper sulfate or a copper(II) halide. The molybdenum(III) compounds formed during the color reaction are returned to the hexavalent state by the Cu2+. [0017] The Cu+ thus formed is reoxidized to Cu2+ by such as the oxygen in the air. The backward reaction of the color change as well as the regeneration of the copper(II) compound take longer than the reactions leading to the color change. That is why the color change of the molybdenum compound is detectable at all. [0018] In order to make the gas permeability of the sensitive layer 18 as great as possible, a softening agent is also added to the layer. As softening agent, bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate is preferably used. [0019] During the production of the optical sensor, a solution of the metal salts, the hydrogel or polymers, and the softening agent in water or tetrahydrofuran are applied and dried. Films are produced thereby, which advantageously have a thickness of 10 to 20 &mgr;m. [0020] The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described, but rather, in addition to the optical sensor for determining carbon monoxide, further applications can be imagined, in which a transition metal compound is used to form complexes for the improvement of the sensitivity of a gas sensor. This would apply, for instance, to the detection of hydrogen cyanide gas.

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