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    专

    苏云金芽孢杆菌基因cry1Da3及其应用

    1269005947A
    发明人
    HUANG TIANPEI, SHU CHANGLONG, ZHANG JIE, SONG FUPING
    受让人
    UNIV FUJIAN AGRIC & FORESTRY
    申请人
    Markus Lenski, Andy Wei, Andreas Ott, Stephan Kronholz
    申请号
    274428
    申请日
    2019-01-06
    公开(公告)号
    1269005947A
    公开(公告)日
    2025-03-10
    IPC分类号
    B60R009/045
    CPC分类号
    -
    优先权号
    118413
    2070370
    4220219
    优先权日
    1992-04-09
    1992-06-02
    1992-06-19
    摘要

    NOVELTY - A first anode and one of a source electrode and a drain electrode has one layer in common, are integral with each other, and comprise of a conductive material that has a low resistance. A second anode is arranged on the first anode, and comprising a conductive material that has a high work function. A cathode (118) is arranged on the organic layer (117) which is arranged on the second anode.

    USE - Organic light emitting display device.

    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies manufacturing of the multi layer structure and reduces cost while ensuring favorable hole transport property and high reflectivity. Prevents energy loss due to drop in voltage. Improves design of the organic light emitting display.

    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cross sectional view of the organic light emitting display device.

    Inter insulator (114)

    Planarization layer (115)

    Pixel defining layer (116)

    Organic layer (117)

    Cathode (118)

    权利要求
    1. A disk drive comprising: (a) a disk comprising a plurality of servo tracks, wherein each servo track comprises a plurality of servo sectors and each servo sector comprises a track address identifying the servo track; (b) a head actuated over the disk; and (c) control circuitry operable to execute a write operation by: processing a read signal from the head representing a first track address in one of the servo sectors in order to generate a detected track address; comparing the detected track address to a first target track address to obtain a first track address error; generating a correction metric representing a likelihood that the first track address error was caused by a detection error; if the correction metric exceeds a threshold, correcting the detected track address in response to the first track address error and continuing with the write operation; and if the correction metric does not exceed the threshold, aborting the write operation.
    2. The disk drive recited in claim 1 , wherein: (a) the control circuitry comprises a read channel operable to generate the detected track address; (b) the read channel is further operable to generate a reliability metric for each bit in the detected track address; and (c) the correction metric is based at least partially on at least one of the reliability metrics.
    3. The disk drive recited in claim 2 , wherein the read channel comprises a sequence detector operable to generate the detected track address and the reliability metrics.
    4. The disk drive recited in claim 2 , wherein the read channel comprises a slicer operable to generate the detected track address and the reliability metrics.
    5. The disk drive recited in claim 1 , wherein: (a) the read channel comprises a sequence detector operable to generate the detected track address; (b) the sequence detector comprises a plurality of error events; and (c) the correction metric is based at least partially on the plurality of error events.
    6. The disk drive recited in claim 5 , wherein: (a) the sequence detector comprises a plurality of error event filters for detecting potential error events in response to read signal sample values and expected sample values; and (b) the correction metric is based at least partially on the error event filters.
    7. The disk drive recited in claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further operable to compare the detected track address to a second target track address to obtain a second track address error.
    8. The disk drive recited in claim 7 , wherein the control circuitry is further operable to: (a) select between the first and second track address errors based on the number of error bits in each of the track address errors; and (b) correct the detected track address in response to the selected track address error if the correction metric exceeds the threshold.
    9. The disk drive recited in claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further operable to abort the write operation if the number of error bits in the first track address error exceeds an error threshold.
    10. A method of performing a write operation in a disk drive, the disk drive comprising a disk having a plurality of servo tracks, wherein each servo track comprises a plurality of servo sectors and each servo sector comprises a track address identifying the servo track, and a head actuated over the disk, the method comprising: processing a read signal from the head representing a first track address in one of the servo sectors in order to generate a detected track address; comparing the detected track address to a first target track address to obtain a first track address error; generating a correction metric representing a likelihood that the first track address error was caused by a detection error; if the correction metric exceeds a threshold, correcting the detected track address in response to the first track address error and continuing with the write operation; and if the correction metric does not exceed the threshold, aborting the write operation.
    11. The method recited in claim 10 , wherein generating the correction metric comprises generating a reliability metric for each bit in the detected track address.
    12. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein a sequence detector generates the detected track address and the reliability metrics.
    13. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein a slicer generates the detected track address and the reliability metrics.
    14. The method recited in claim 10 , wherein the correction metric is generated in response to a plurality of error events of a sequence detector.
    15. The method recited in claim 14 , wherein the correction metric is generated in response to a plurality of error event filters for detecting potential error events in response to read signal sample values and expected sample values.
    16. The method recited in claim 10 , further comprising comparing the detected track address to a second target track address to obtain a second track address error.
    17. The method recited in claim 16 , further comprising: selecting between the first and second track address errors based on the number of error bits in each of the track address errors; and correcting the detected track address in response to the selected track address error if the correction metric exceeds the threshold.
    18. The method recited in claim 10 , further comprising aborting the write operation if the number of error bits in the first track address error exceeds an error threshold.
    说明书
    [0001]技术领域
    [0002]本发明涉及一种超声氨化法制11-氨基十一酸的方法。
    [0003]背景技术
    [0004]尼龙11(PA11)是最早期的生物基聚酰胺产品,是通过蓖麻油与甲醇反应,再经裂解等一系列化学反应生成ω-十一氨基酸,最后经过聚合反应制备而成的长链段柔性尼龙。与源于石油资源的PA12相比,PA11具有更高的熔点、更低的燃料和气体渗透率、更优异的抗冲击性能;与常见的短碳链PA相比,PA11具有更好的柔韧性、尺寸稳定性以及抗冲击性,PA11的工业化被最早研发出它的法国阿科玛垄断,随着经济发展的需求,我国也在不断加大这方面的科研投资力度。制约我国PA11发展的是聚合单体的制备技术,因此,11-氨基十一酸的合成对打破国外垄断具有十分重要的意义。
    [0005]现有11-溴代十一酸制备11-氨基十一酸技术是用氨水和溴代十一酸反应,通常以氨水作为做为溶剂,将11-溴代十一酸混合至25%-30%浓度的氨水中,充分搅拌,在20-30℃下反应60-100h。中国专利CN101289409A,通过氨化催化法制11-氨基十一酸,反应时间45-50h。专利CN102256934A公开了一种溴代十一酸熔融进料、氨解反应梯度升温的方法制备11-氨基十一酸,反应时间为20-80h。该反应过程存在反应效率低,反应时间长,运行成本高等缺点。
    [0006]发明内容
    [0007]针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高效、简单的制备11氨基十一酸的工艺和装置。本发明设备简单,反应速率快,大大缩短了反应时间。
    [0008]本发明采用的技术方案如下:
    [0009]一种超声氨化法制11-氨基十一酸的工艺,包括:将11-溴代十一酸和氨水加入搅拌釜中进行搅拌混合,得到初步反应的混合液,然后将搅拌釜中的混合液输送到超声连续反应器中,其中,所述超声连续反应器包括n级依次串联的探头式超声波槽串联,开启超声波,使混合液流经各级探头式超声波槽,反应生成11-氨基十一酸悬浊液;将制得的悬浊液进行过滤、水热除氨、冷却、干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0010]进一步地,所述11-溴代十一酸和氨水的质量比是1:4-8,氨水质量浓度是25%-30%。
    [0011]进一步地,所述n为2-10的整数,优选为2-5的整数,所述混合液在超声连续反应器中的停留时间为4~8小时,优选为5~6小时。
    [0012]进一步地,所述超声连续反应器的各级探头式超声波槽可单独控制反应温度,各级探头式超声波槽内的反应温度均在10~30℃范围内。
    [0013]进一步地,沿着混合液的流动方向,各级探头式超声波槽内的反应温度依次递升,相邻两级反应温度提升幅度在2-10℃,优选提升幅度在5-10℃,第一级探头式超声波槽内的反应温度为10-12℃,最后一级探头式超声波槽内的反应温度为20-30℃。
    [0014]进一步地,各级探头式超声波槽的超声波频率为20~60KHz,超声功率密度为10~30W/cm 3 。
    [0015]本发明还提供制备11-氨基十一酸的工艺所采用的装备,其包括搅拌釜、超声连续反应器和过滤器;所述搅拌釜设有11-溴代十一酸粉末加料口、氨水加料口和出料口;所述超声连续反应器包括n级依次串联的探头式超声波槽串联,所述搅拌釜出料口与超声连续反应器的入口连接,所述超声连续反应器的出口连接输送泵,物料通过输送泵输送至过滤器进行过滤。
    [0016]进一步地,所述搅拌釜内设有搅拌桨,搅拌桨类型为锚式搅拌桨。所述n为2-10的整数,优选为2-5的整数。
    [0017]通过采用上述技术,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
    [0018]1、本发明通过超声反应器,在超声空化的作用下,11-溴代十一酸固体颗粒表面的11-氨基十一酸将迅速剥离,快速溶于水中,使界面不断更新,强化了液固两相的传递作用,进而加快反应速率,减少反应时间,降低反应能耗。
    [0019]2、本发明采用梯度升温法控制11-溴代十一酸与氨水的反应过程,使目标产物的选择性更高,产品质量更加稳定。
    [0020]附图说明
    [0021]图1是超声氨化法制11-氨基十一酸的工艺的流程示意图;
    [0022]图2是本发明装备结构示意图;
    [0023]附图2标记包括:1-搅拌釜;2-超声连续反应器;3-过滤器
    [0024]具体实施方式
    [0025]下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
    [0026]本发明实施例中采用的反应装置结构如图2所示,其包括搅拌釜1、超声连续反应器2和过滤器3。所述搅拌釜设有11-溴代十一酸粉末加料口、氨水加料口和出料口。所述超声连续反应器包括n级依次串联的探头式超声波槽2串联,所述搅拌釜出料口与超声连续反应器的入口连接,所述超声连续反应器的出口连接输送泵,物料通过输送泵输送至过滤器3进行过滤。
    [0027]所述搅拌釜内设有搅拌桨,搅拌桨类型优选为锚式搅拌桨。
    [0028]所述超声连续反应器由2~10个超声波槽串联组成,所述探头式超声波槽的超声波频率为20~60KHz,所述探头式超声波槽的超声功率密度为10~30W/cm 3 。
    [0029]采用上述装置超声氨化制备11-氨基十一酸时,其包括以下步骤(参见图1):
    [0030]步骤S1,开启第一输送泵将氨水通入搅拌釜里,然后边搅拌边加入溴代十一酸粉末,充分搅拌分散制得初步反应的混合液
    [0031]步骤S2,开启第二输送泵,将初步反应混合均匀的混合液泵入超声连续反应器中,混合液依次流经各级探头式超声波槽,同时开启超声波,在超声波强化促进作用下反应4-8h生成11-氨基十一酸,所诉超声波槽的超声波频率为20~60KHz,所述探头式超声波槽的超声功率密度为10~30W/cm 3 。
    [0032]步骤S3,将超声连续反应器制得的11-氨基十一酸流入到过滤器,具体而言,通过阀门将11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨,冷却,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0033]采用此制备装置和制备方法,与现有技术的搅拌法或氨化催化法相比,该反应设备简单,反应速率快,大大缩短了反应时间,收率提升,纯度升高。
    [0034]采用上述制备装置和制备方法,下面结合具体的实施例进行说明。
    [0035]本发明实施例中氨水的浓度是25%。
    [0036]实施例1
    [0037]步骤S1,在搅拌槽里加入5000g氨水,在搅拌的同时加入1250g 11-溴代十一酸粉末,充分搅拌制得初步反应混合液。
    [0038]步骤S2,开启输送泵将搅拌釜中混合均匀的混合液泵入由3个探头式超声波槽组成的超声连续反应器,超声波的频率为20KHz,超声功率密度为20W/cm 3 。同时开启超声波,悬浮液流经3个串联的探头式超声波槽,反应液在各级探头式超声波槽中的停留时间相同,温度梯度依次升温(10℃,20℃,30℃),即第一级、第二级和第三级探头式超声波槽中的反应温度分别是10℃、20℃和30℃,在超声波的强化促进作用下反应5小时生成11-氨基十一酸。
    [0039]步骤S3,将超声连续反应器制得的11-氨基十一酸流入到过滤器,具体而言,通过阀门将11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨(水热除氨的温度为65℃,滤饼和水质量比1:6.5,下同),冷却5h,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0040]实施例2
    [0041]步骤S1,在搅拌槽里加入5000g氨水,在搅拌的同时加入1250g 11-溴代十一酸粉末,充分搅拌制得初步反应混合液。
    [0042]步骤S2,开启输送泵将搅拌釜中混合均匀的混合液泵入由3个探头式超声波槽组成的超声连续反应器,超声波的频率为20KHz,超声功率密度为15W/cm 3 。同时开启超声波,悬浮液流经3个串联的探头式超声波槽,反应液在各级探头式超声波槽中的停留时间相同,温度梯度依次升温(10℃,20℃,30℃),在超声波的强化促进作用下反应5小时生成11-氨基十一酸。
    [0043]步骤S3,将超声连续反应器制得的11-氨基十一酸流入到过滤器,具体而言,通过阀门将11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨,冷却7h,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0044]实施例3
    [0045]步骤S1,在搅拌槽里加入5000g氨水,在搅拌的同时加入625g 11-溴代十一酸粉末,充分搅拌制得初步反应混合液。
    [0046]步骤S2,开启输送泵将搅拌釜中混合均匀的混合液泵入由3个探头式超声波槽组成的超声连续反应器,超声波的频率为20KHz,超声功率密度为20W/cm 3 。同时开启超声波,悬浮液流经3个串联的探头式超声波槽,反应液在各级探头式超声波槽中的停留时间相同,温度梯度依次升温(10℃,20℃,30℃),在超声波的强化促进作用下反应5小时生成11-氨基十一酸。
    [0047]步骤S3,将超声连续反应器制得的11-氨基十一酸流入到过滤器,具体而言,通过阀门将11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨,冷却4h,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0048]对比例1
    [0049]采用带加热的搅拌釜,先在搅拌槽里加入5000g氨水,在搅拌的同时加入1250g11-溴代十一酸粉末,同时加热搅拌釜到30℃,充分搅拌制得初步反应混合液。继续搅拌5h,将反应好的11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨,冷却,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0050]对比例2
    [0051]步骤S1,在搅拌槽里加入5000g氨水,在搅拌的同时加入1250g 11-溴代十一酸粉末,充分搅拌制得初步反应混合液。
    [0052]步骤S2,开启输送泵将搅拌釜中混合均匀的混合液泵入3个串联的搅拌釜中,3个串联的搅拌釜梯度升温(10℃、20℃、30℃,每个温度的停留时间与实施例1中一致),充分搅拌反应5h,将反应好的11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨,冷却,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0053]对比例3
    [0054]与实施例1相同的实验步骤,不同之处仅在于“第一级、第二级和第三级探头式超声波槽中的反应温度均为30℃”,其他反应条件不变,将反应好的11-氨基十一酸悬浊液进行过滤,固液分离,随后进行水热除氨,冷却,干燥,得到11-氨基十一酸。
    [0055]将上述实施例和对比例得到的11-氨基十一酸进行性能检测,结果如表1所示。从表1的结果可见,与直接采用搅拌釜恒温反应的对比例1、直接采用搅拌釜梯度进行梯度升温的对比例2、采用3个串联的探头式超声波槽恒温反应的对比例3相比,本发明实施例的技术方案得到的11-氨基十一酸,反应完全,收率可以达到99.9%以上。
    [0056]表1
    [0057]本说明书所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思实现形式的列举,本发明的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式。
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