传播符号学中诉诸空间的横组合与诉诸时间的纵聚合一直发挥着迷人的想象力.人类行为的毗邻性和相似性这两种基本规律与横组合和纵聚合遥相呼应,形成了现实与虚拟语境的混响.本文通过对符号学理论的重新梳理发现,传播符号学共时与历时的二重性实属误读,现实生活中横组合与纵聚合实质上是以泛时的交融形态同时进行:或源于联想思维、终于组合关系,逻辑上以相似律为主导;或源于传连思维、归于聚合关系,逻辑上以毗连性为主导.二者相辅相成,有机衔接了媒介环境与现实空间.

为了比较不同有机无机肥配施下百香果氨基酸含量及营养价值,本研究设置6种不同施肥处理研究百香果氨基酸组成及含量的变化特征,并以FAO/WHO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,评价其营养价值.结果表明,施肥对各种氨基酸含量影响显著;各类氨基酸含量一致表现为:2MNPK≈1.5MNPK>MNPK>0.5MNPK>M>CK;蛋氨酸和缬氨酸是主要限制氨基酸,苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸出现过剩,2MNPK处理氨基酸营养价值最丰富;在提取的2个主成分因子中,其累计方差贡献率为98.25％,2MNPK和1.5MNPK施肥处理氨基酸品质得分最高;综合各处理氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸营养价值,发现在这6种施肥处理中,2MNPK和1.5MNPK处理是较好的施肥方式.

By analyzing the reports from missionary journal Chinese and Foreign Gazette during the tenure of Elias B.Inslee,this paper finds that the religious sentiment and moral concern of the early Protestant missionaries gradually diminished,and were replaced by the principle of prioritizing national interests,this has led to an increase in difficulty in integration of different cultures.The biggest increase in content was scientific knowledge due to the unique Protestant temperament of American missionaries.Science was originally a means of religious transmissions,but in the end proven to be the content and eventually became a new driving force for promoting social change.It laid the foundation for the shift in the focus of"Making Foreign Things Serve China"in the second half of the 19th century in Chinese social trends.

本文以网络议程设置理论为切入点,对社会化媒体迁移模式进行分析,发现其传播模式已非线性传递,而是通过一个个节点链接的网状系统进行信息共享,在此基础上进行立体而非平面的框架迁移.针对社会化媒体中的这种特点,文章提出了以节点化社会组织的完善和介入来缓冲压力,衔接政策议程和媒介议程的建议.

文章以麦华陀创办于香港的期刊《遐迩贯珍》为例,从文化传播的角度分析了期刊诉求价值观的变化.《遐迩贯珍》以文化传播双管齐下,不但从物质层面进行了文化渗入,更力图从非物质层面置换深层中国伦理道德观.研究发现,19世纪中叶的西人办报历程中,科学技术传播的力度加大,其主要目的在于传播配套的西方文明价值观.在传播历程中,中国人坚守基于儒家伦理的传统文明观,在此基础上将新教伦理与其上的物质文明加以分割,在实用的基础上有选择地接受器物层面的科学知识.这种实用价值观与基本价值观的博弈,取决于两种信仰的不妥协和不相容,同时意味着科学技术传播从根源上就保留着与原先环境分离的特质.

For vegetation restoration and early species configuration in karst rocky desertification areas, method of spatial in replace of time series (D. Muller-DoMbois, 1986) was adopted to conduct community surveys and site type divisions at different succession stages (Yu Lifei, 1998) for 15 counties (cities, districts) in 5 karst rocky desertification areas. At the same time, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are taken to evaluate health of the early plant community configuration structure with weak, medium, and strong potential for vegetation restoration in the karst rocky desertification area. The results show that: (1) Site type subtype with weak, medium, and strong potential level of vegetation restoration possibly has 2106 community structure configuration combinations. (2) Optimal configuration health status of plant communities with weak potential for vegetation restoration: 8 groups are healthy, 378 groups are relatively healthy, 1148 groups area general, and 572 groups are ill. (3) Optimal configuration health status of plant communities with medium potential for vegetation restoration: 12 groups are healthy, 489 groups are relatively healthy, 1161 groups are general, and 444 groups are ill. (4) Optimal configuration health status of plant communities with strong potential for vegetation restoration: 10 groups are healthy, 552 groups are relatively healthy, 1120 groups are general, and 424 groups are ill. Combination of healthy community configuration is the optimal combination under different restoration potential levels, that is, the optimal configuration.

在社会管理实践中,多数政府职能部门开始通过问政节目实现社会沟通和政策评估实践,但从过往问政节目来看,社会管理议程往往取决于职能管理部门直接负责人,因而人事变动常常会导致承诺的整改方案难以兑现.文章以西安问政节目为切入点,探析了互联网时代网状多媒体机制和网络、内容平台双轨制议程联动机制建设的新转向.

通过对"群体极化"演变历程的梳理发现,该范畴在西方语境中主要适用于组织传播.在互联网视域下,中国的"群体极化"现象并非简单趋向极端,更多呈现多元意向偏移.基于集体记忆的理论,意向偏移的框架传播分为政治记忆、文化记忆、社会记忆和族群记忆四种框架.其中,族群记忆和文化记忆框架呈现单维度特质,而政治记忆框架呈现二元极化的偏移趋向,社会记忆框架常采纳多元传播的取径.

为探明西番莲、葛藤、白英以及金银花光合作用的日变化特征，为其在喀斯特峰丛洼地石漠化区进行科学种植提供理论依据，测定了这4种藤本植物叶片的光合生理生态特性。结果表明：西番莲、葛藤、白英、金银花4种藤本植物的净光合速率日变化都呈现出典型的双峰曲线，2个峰值分别出现在10：00、16：00，光合“午休”现象较为明显。这4种藤本植物中，金银花叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率均最大，要注意为金银花根系补充水分并合理使用遮阴网。

In the paper,the healthy and the free of disease plants of the Alternanthera philoxeroides( Mart.) Griseb are selected as the research object,and the different submergence stress gradient treatments of the 0 cm,10 cm,20 cm and 30 cm experiment are observed. The change trend of morphological feature index,the response regularity in different submergence stress gradient and the tress time of the Alternanthera philoxeroides are analyzed.

Kiwifruit diseases were investigated at nurseris and cultivated gardens with random census and point surveys from 2012 to 2013 to find out the kinds of kiwifruit disease. The results showed there were 3 fungus diseases,1 bacterial disease and 1 disease caused by Meloidogyne sp. on kiwifruit in Guizhou. Kiwifruit bacterial canker and kiwifruit seedlings wilt were heavier among them.

为了给喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides的入侵机制和防治研究提供参考,采用样方法调查了不同水深条件下草海高原湿地生态系统入侵植物喜旱莲子草的株高和盖度,并采用高斯模型分析了喜旱莲子草的水深生态幅。结果表明:1喜旱莲子草基于株高的水深梯度最适生态幅区间为[-0.73 cm,69.99 cm],最适生长点为34.63cm。2喜旱莲子草基于盖度的水深梯度最适生态幅区间为[9.55 cm,67.29 cm],最适生在点为38.40 cm。3喜旱莲子草基于株高和盖度的最适生态幅区间为[9.55 cm,67.29 cm],最适生长点为37.53 cm。4喜旱莲子草在其入侵的草海湿地生境中对水深的适应性总体表现为随着水深的增加,株高和盖度呈现先增加后下降的趋势。喜旱莲子草较宽的水深生态幅为其成功入侵草海湿地生态系统提供了保障,同时喜旱莲子草对水深的适应性为其防除提供了新的思路。

Investigation was conducted on burned land with different degrees after forest fire. The numbers and species of seedling bank and bud bank in burned land were studied and calculated for their important values. The results showed that the numbers and species of seedling in burned land were greatly different because of extent of forest fire,and dominant species was not the same community characteristics before the fire. Larger differences appeared in the numbers and species of bud bank in different burned land forest fire. However,the numbers of bud bank were dominant,mainly composed of germination ability of the plant. Moreover,the proportions of the bud bank number within 100 m2of the forest fire in general,serious and catastrophic ways accounting for the total number were 91. 67%,67. 19% and 75% respectively. Therefore,during the process of the natural vegetation recovery,plant regeneration mainly depended on the numbers of bud bank,except for the seed germination to restore the vegetation.

Combining the field data and socio-economic statistic data,Caohai wetlands ofGuizhou was taken as a research object to screen out 20 ecological security assessmentindexes and build Caohai wetland ecological security evaluation index system according to PSR conceptual model. The improved matter elements and extendable set were used toconstruct standard elements matrixand segment field matter elements matrix. Thecontingency coefficient method was adopted to determine indexes weight and calculate thecorrelation degree between ecological security status and ecological security grade in study area,which defined ecological security status grade and divided the results into 5 grades ofsecurity,relative security,warning,fragility and danger.

This paper is intended to analyze communication paradigm of posters and texts concerning "Anti-missionary Movement" before the "Boxer Rebellion" in China.It comes to the conclusion that posters and texts still follow traditional "cultural paradigm",centered around Confucian "World View" which involves converting the distant barbarians culturally in the consecutive 10 years after the second Opium War.Then with a view to pursuing the cultural hegemony,"cultural paradigm" turns to nationalism paradigm in conflict with Catholic powers under the protection of western hegemony.To a certain extend,posters and texts enhanced national cohesion in uniting lower-class people in the "Anti-missionary Movement".The production of posters,with the tangled complex,shows a typical of textual feature and historical composition.

本文以网络属性议程与公众导向需求关系的建构为切入点,探寻网络时代议程设置的融合框架。其属性显著性主要表现为弱势群体与公权力的对峙,公众导向需求则表现为独白型集体记忆之回响,二者在互联网空间中凸显出以"封建化的集体记忆"为特质的融合框架,最终固化的框架又循环进入到新的媒体事件中,激发下一轮议程设置。针对这种趋势,恢复公权力的德行更有利于长期应对危机。

本文通过分析网络舆情热点事件,探究网络社群议程设置外循环系统的框架传递,发现在网络外循环系统中,弱势群体与公权力的对峙并没有随着公众和政策议程设置得到根本解决,而是作为一种诉诸集体记忆的传递框架,在潜在压力集团推动下,重新循环传递到网络社群议程中,因此,重建公权力德行是解决社会危机事件的关键.

文章以网络热点事件议程设置的建构为切入点,从传播内容、传播者和接受者三方面探寻网络议程设置二元对峙的符码.其内容主要表现为弱势群体与公权力的对峙,传播者中草根型的舆论领袖与理性交往的背离,以及集体记忆与现实语境的混响,最终发现当下危机应对策略无法深入到文化内涵层面,“公权力德行”重建才是弥合目前矛盾的关键所在.

本文以1930年创立的"联华影业制片印刷有限公司"到1947年在它基础上成立的"昆仑"公司拍摄的影片中存在的"力场"及互动系统为切入点,分析了从儒家"文化主义"到"民族国家"传播范式的转向,发现在"联华"时期儒家文化主义传播范式存在的"力场"构成的三种力量是"儒家结构、市场逻辑和左翼思潮"。到了"昆仑"时期,在日本侵华的背景下,共产主义意识形态以"群力"的方式介入,影像开始了"民族国家"范式的转向,最终形成了能辐射巨大能量的稳定结构。

With an aim to establish nation-state,modern political national paradigm is deeply rooted in economic development and tends to become rigid gradually,whereas the Confucian Nationalism makes up for the deficiency of culture continuum,and promotes ethnic identity accordingly.This paper came up with the conclusion that the rituals related to special cultural codes are in a position to revive the core of traditional culture in modern society,which in turn can contribute to the development of ethnic identity and construction of imagined community.