Since the 1990s, Chinese parents of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) have been founding rehabilitation service non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to fill the social welfare gaps in disability services in their local areas. More recently, however, a new form of mutual aid organization - the parent organization, which focuses on family empowerment and advocacy - has emerged and diffused trans-locally, along with two national networks' organizational incubation initiatives. Following an institutional approach to organizational studies and drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2019 to 2023, this study traces the trans-local expansion of this novel organizational form in the emerging field of Chinese NGOs. We argue that parent organizations strategically orchestrate a form of institutional work - network entrepreneurship - characterized by three organizational processes: vertical connections between national networks and local member organizations, horizontal interactions among senior and new parent organizers, and the creative translation and adaptation of local parent organizations. Together, these three processes facilitate the trans-local diffusion of organizational resources, identity, ideas and practices. The findings make theoretical contributions by highlighting the institutional implications of peer organization networks, especially through the emerging subject position of "parent of PWIDD," in the incubation and diffusion of a novel organizational form trans-locally. 1990(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic) "(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)")(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)2019(sic)(sic)2023(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) "(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(1)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);(2)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);(3)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

The timing of autism spectrum disorder detection in research and clinical practice is characterised by substantial heterogeneity ranging from infancy to school age. In this study, we examined the age of diagnosis and its associated individual and socio-familial factors in Chinese children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A sample of 1235 autism spectrum disorder children from 132 rehabilitation organisations in Shenzhen was investigated in 2021. We found a mean age of diagnosis of 31.4 ± 12.7 months and a median of 30.0 months. Although 71.7% of the children received their diagnosis between 25 and 36 months of age, and 13.3% were diagnosed early (⩽24 months), 15.1% did not have their symptoms detected until preschool or later years (>36 months). The diagnosis was likely delayed (>36 months) if the children were older, were less severe and presented with no intellectual impairment. The odds of delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more than 9 times higher among migrant autism spectrum disorder children than those with local household registrations. The study underscores the importance of identifying culturally sensitive socio-economic determinants in autism spectrum disorder detection in addition to clinical factors, as the former are likely to affect the quality of life of many autism spectrum disorder children and their families. Lay Abstract Timely detection is an issue of paramount importance in the care of children with autism spectrum disorder. Whether the delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis can be explained by children’s clinical presentations and socio-familial status in China is a question to be addressed. We investigated 1235 autism spectrum disorder children from 132 rehabilitation organisations in Shenzhen, China. These children were found to have a mean age of diagnosis of 31.4 ± 12.7 months and a median age of diagnosis of 30.0 months. The majority of these children were able to receive their diagnosis during toddlerhood. However, about one in six were not diagnosed until they entered preschool or later, thus missing the golden window of opportunity for early intervention. The age of diagnosis was likely to be late if the children were older, were less severe and presented with no intellectual impairment. The odds of having a delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more than 9 times higher among migrant autism spectrum disorder children than among those with local household registrations, thus underscoring the importance of identifying culturally sensitive socio-economic determinants in autism spectrum disorder detection, as these factors are likely to affect the quality of life of many autism spectrum disorder children and their families.

Purpose: Although discrimination has gained increasing attention in research and practice intervention for family caregivers of children with disabilities, little is known about the social determinants that associate with the perceived discrimination among caregivers, especially in non-Western contexts. This study aims to examine the socio-familial and child-level determinants of perceived discrimination among family caregivers of children with disabilities in China. Method: This study drew from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Shenzhen, China. Proportional quota sampling was conducted to get data from 2500 family caregivers of children with disabilities in rehabilitation service centers (response rate = 94.9%, n = 2373), accounting for 25% of the total population of children with disabilities receiving service in Shenzhen. Latent profile analysis was conducted to categorize three perceived discrimination groups among caregivers (i.e., severe perceived discrimination group, moderate perceived discrimination group, and low perceived discrimination group). The multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to test the association between these social determinants and perceived discrimination. Results: Most caregivers (82.9%) reported moderate or severe levels of perceived discrimination. Caregivers of children with moderate and severe impairments and children with mental and multiple disabilities were more vulnerable to perceiving severe social discrimination. Socio-familial characteristics, particularly the intersectionality between gender and employment, influence caregivers' perceived discrimination. Conclusion: Caregivers of children with disabilities experience pervasive social discrimination in contemporary urban China. Our study demonstrates that the social construction of disablism and the affiliate discrimination against family caregivers of children with disabilities is complex and multidimensional and depends upon the children's disability and the caregivers' socio-demographic characteristics.

志愿服务岗位效能感和组织的沟通策略、信息技术能力、权益保障措施均显著地正向影响志愿者的持续志愿意愿;志愿者的社会网络、志愿服务组织的透明度和人员能力也会影响志愿者的心理感受.志愿服务组织应注重保持组织透明度、制定能力提升计划、加快数字化转型、采用全渠道沟通策略,并关注志愿者权益保护、志愿服务文化营造和外部关系协调,将志愿服务融入社会治理体系.

随着我国退役军人的不断增加,其社会适应问题越来越受到全社会的广泛关注.本研究以深圳X街道为调查点,分别从经济适应、生活适应和人际适应等维度对退役军人的社会适应状况展开分析,研究发现:退役军人社会适应水平整体偏低,多要素影响其社会适应,社会保障、就业保障、社会认同等是影响退役军人社会适应的主要因素;退役安置制度不够健全、退役军人管理机构运行尚不成熟、普惠性就业保障服务难以满足退役军人需要、尊崇退役军人的社会文化尚未形成、退役军人自身素养有待加强等是影响退役军人社会适应的深层原因.政府和社会各界应采取得力措施,破解退役军人社会适应性问题,进一步健全退役军人政策制度体系,不断完善退役安置管理机制,大力加强退役军人就业创业服务体系建设,多元共治营造全社会尊崇军人的文化氛围,为重点人群提供专业化社会适应服务,不断提升退役军人素养和能力.

瞄准偏误问题始终是社会政策领域难以治理的顽疾之一.残疾人两项补贴政策是中国第一项残疾人专项福利制度,为增进残疾人福祉做出了重要贡献.文章以深圳为例,对残疾人两项补贴政策的瞄准状况进行实证分析.研究结果表明,由于残疾人两项补贴政策供给过程中没有兼顾残疾人的刚性支出和真实照护需求,采取简约化的类型瞄准法,瞄准偏误问题比较明显.困难残疾人生活补贴政策的漏保问题比较突出,重度残疾人护理补贴政策的误保现象比较普遍,残疾人两项补贴政策的精准化、精细化水平亟待提升.从技术、管理和文化的整合视角看,残疾现象的复杂性是残疾人两项补贴政策瞄准偏误的表层原因,而普惠制的目标定位、政策执行的简约化及残障福利观念转型是瞄准偏误的内在机理.最后,文章就完善两项补贴政策提出相应的建议.

基于国际国内重要报告、国际公约、法律法规和发展宣言等,从目标、内容和原则三个维度界定无障碍环境的内涵,并以我国华南地区的D市为调查对象,通过体验式观察、入户走访、座谈会与深度访谈等方式进行调查研究,发现我国城市无障碍环境建设面临文化理念存在偏差、法律法规不成体系、社会和专业力量不足、工作机制不健全等障碍因素.在此基础上提出了包含理念、制度、标准和行动四个核心要素的城市无障碍环境建设支持体系,以期为推动我国城市无障碍环境建设提供理论与实践参考.

残疾人是社会中的弱势群体,需要全社会的共同关注和支持.目前我国残疾人社会支持网络尚不完备,残疾人价值实现仍然面临诸多困境.本文从社会资本视角出发,就如何最大限度地激发残障群体的社会资本、构建以残疾人为中心的社会支持网络,进而实现残疾人的全面发展提出对策和建议.提升残疾人自身能力、促进残疾人社会角色转变和协调残障群体社会互动关系,是激活残疾人社会支持网络的内生动力;而构建多元协同的托养照护模式、完善福利制度供给、培育残障自助组织和推广助残志愿服务则构成了残疾人社会支持网络的外部保障.这种新型社会支持网络的构建,将有利于推动新时代残疾人事业的发展,不断满足残疾人对美好生活的向往.

志愿服务体系是国家治理体系的重要组成部分.在传统的思维框架和社会环境下,残疾人往往是公益慈善的对象,但当下流行的社交媒体为残疾人回馈社会、参与志愿服务提供了可能.基于社交媒体环境,文章将残疾人作为公益慈善服务的供给者,以深圳和东莞的问卷调查为基础,重点分析了网络行为对残疾人志愿参与的影响.研究表明,残疾人不仅是社会福利的对象,在社交媒体环境下,他们也正在以多元化的方式参与志愿服务.研究发现,社会发展水平是影响残疾人志愿参与的宏观变量,深圳残疾人的志愿参与水平高于东莞;社会经济地位是残疾人志愿参与的个体性因素;微博发布数、微博粉丝数、微信好友数、微信使用时间等社交媒体变量对残疾人志愿参与起正向作用;网络社会资本存量对残疾人志愿参与产生了正向影响.政府、残联和社会力量应多方协作,共同推动残疾人跨越数字鸿沟,促进残疾人的志愿参与.

当代分配正义理论有两种辩护路径.第一种是从基础性的特定价值观念推导出具体的分配理论;第二种是从契约与程序引出分配原则,力图尽可能排除特定宗教 、形而上学 、道德价值观念对正义理论辩护的作用.通过对罗尔斯契约论的解析发现,第二种路径最终可以还原到第一种路径,这意味着契约程序路径的辩护效力被削弱了.本文试图论证,在正义理论的辩护上,诉诸程序的论证在道义上并不太可取,最终的辩护离不开特定价值观念.因而,对正义的辩护仍然依赖第一种路径.在理论上,该论证有助于局部理清当代分配正义及其牵涉的诸多纷争;在中国实践上,这有助于为中国当下分配制度的构建提供理论和方法上的选择与启示,提示我们应当营造更深厚的社会正义的土壤和共识,以化解收入分配改革的巨大阻力.为此,应当推动中国传统文化和哲学中的诸多伦理 、形而上学概念进行创造性的转换,构建出支撑当代中国社会分配理论的理论素材和公共文化.

当前中国基层环保执法陷入困境,执法渎职风险是重要表现形式.对深圳市A区多部门实地调研发现,自由裁量权使用不当、行政不作为和其他被动型风险是基层环保执法主要渎职风险类型.对A区环保执法案例与数据的样本研究、执法现场跟踪、深度访谈分析表明,法律法规不健全、体制机制不顺畅、人力与配套资源配备不足是基层环保执法渎职风险的主要成因.基于以上研究,最后提出了相应化解路径及政策建议.

文章以广东省深圳和东莞市的调查为基础,从制度视角出发,重点考量社会保障制度对消除残疾歧视的影响.结果显示,在个体因素中,年龄、宗教信仰、残疾程度等与残疾歧视呈显著相关;当控制个体特征变量,分步引入社会救助、社会保险、社会福利、助残政策等制度变量后,低保和临时困难救助在一定程度上强化了残疾歧视,纳入低保或临时救助者所感知的残疾歧视程度高于一般人群;医疗保险和养老保险制度的实施有助于消除残疾歧视;社会福利与残疾歧视没有统计上的相关性;助残政策满意度与残疾歧视呈负相关关系.文章认为,消除残疾歧视是一个复杂而漫长的过程,政府在加大残疾人社会政策倾斜性配置力度的同时,必须转变社会保障的供给理念和践行模式,引领社会各界共同构建残疾歧视的多元消除机制,为残疾人增权赋能.

群团事业是党的事业的重要组成部分,加强和改进群团工作是当前的一项重大改革任务.深圳市残联以组织架构的社会化改革委切入点,广泛撬动激活社会资源,创建公益合作模式,率先推进残联系统群团组织改革.破除传统行政体制障碍,广泛吸纳社会精英进入残疾人工作体系;创建融合共建的公益合作模式,确保社会精英享有充分的“作为空间”;凝聚多元化的发展合力,引领残疾人事业产业全面发展.

On June 12, 2016, co-hosted by Research Center for Social Development and Public Policy of Shenzhen University and Social Work Committee of Luohu District and organized by Shenzhen Multi-disciplinary Evaluation Institute, “China's First Forum on Multi-Disciplinary Evaluation” was held in Shenzhen. At this forum, over ten experts and scholars from China's prestigious universities and more than twenty leaders from government organizations had in-depth discussion of the social risk evaluation of major projects, and performance evaluation of public and social service. The present paper is a summary of the representative viewpoints at the forum.

文章以中国中部劳务输出大县(江西省修水县)为个案,从身体暴力、精神暴力、性暴力3个维度就当前流动妇女遭受婚姻暴力的状况进行测量,并从个体家庭因素、社会资本、传统家庭文化和城市融入4个方面就影响该群体遭受婚姻暴力的主要因素进行分析.结果显示,流动增加妇女遭受婚姻暴力的风险;学历越高,遭受重度身体暴力的可能性越大;健康的身体状况有助于抑制婚姻暴力的发生;资金借贷和重大决定支持网规模、亲属支持密度是影响婚姻暴力的社会资本变量;流动妇女对传统家庭文化认知越高、迁移愿望越强,其遭受婚暴的可能性越大.因此,必须构建政府主导下的法制化、多元化、社会化和专业化的保护机制,充分激活多元主体在预防和控制婚姻暴力中的职能.

Risk assessment of the social stability is an important innovative method of China 's social management,and it is also a powerful means of resolving the social contradictions in the process of the social transition.The current deep theoretical explorations on the risk assessment of the social stability are less.There exist some defects in the process of the assessment practices,including the rigid assessment procedures and the assessment formalized.Thus,we take citizen participation as an analytical dimension to analyze the whole process of the risk assessment of the social stability by using the case study method.From four aspects including assessment subjects,assessment objects,assessment methods and risk responses,we can explore the function and practical significance of the citizen participation in the process.We think building a long-term mechanism of the citizen participation is the key factor to raise the effect which resolves the conflicts in the process.On the basis,we put forward some improvement suggestions for the current risk assessment of the social stability.

以东中西部3城市1784位残疾人调查为基础的实证分析结果显示:残疾人政治参与因地位结构的不同而表现出差异性;社会资本是影响残疾人政治参与的正向显著变量;残疾人权利的实现逻辑是社会权利在先、政治权利在后.因此,残疾人政治参与水平的提升有赖于社会资本的构建以及社会保障体系、公共服务体系的完善.

社会服务组织是创新社会管理模式的重要抓手,本文以增权理论为视角,以深圳S助残组织为个案,探究了社会服务组织成长的制度空间和社会空间,在对社会服务组织的成长轨迹进行归纳的基础上,建构了其增权模式与策略。

高校是最具人才活力的机构,本研究以高校党外知识分子为研究对象,构建人才活力和政治参与的测量指标。深圳3所高校问卷调查结果表明:性别、年龄、学历、网络接触、人才活力等变量对高校党外知识分子政治参与产生了显著影响。男性比女性政治参与度高;年长者比年轻者政治参与度高,博士学历者不如本科高,上网时间越长政治参与度越高,社会资本存量越大政治参与度越高,教学、科研对政治参与度有着负向显著影响,教学贡献力和科研贡献力越大,政治参与度越低。文章最后提出了推进党外知识分子政治参与的可行策略。

Satisfying the public cultural demand of vulnerable groups is a core feature of present-day social management system reform and innovation.Based on a survey and analysis of handicapped people's public cultural consumption in three cities in eastern,central and western China,this paper reveals the predicament of present-day vulnerable groups' cultural rights.It can be seen from the study that the existing public cultural service system hasn't been extended to cover the handicapped,whose public cultural consumption level is very low.One's place in the positional structure,regional economic development,the level of preferential allocation of social policy and an obstacle-free environment are prominent factors restricting public cultural consumption of the handicapped.To ensure the cultural rights of vulnerable groups,the government must increase preferential allocation of public culture service towards them,construct a model for supplying services that is professional and society-based,adhere to a service-based logic,build a system for the participation of vulnerable groups,and provide experimental culture consumption subsidies to them.