We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary choline, its subtypes, and cognitive function in older adults from underdeveloped regions of China, using data from the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort (NCDFaC) study. This cross-sectional study included 1 522 older adults aged 60 and over. Dietary choline intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The associations between choline intake and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were analyzed using logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines and propensity score matching (PSM). Among the 1 522 participants, 292 (19.2

Objective To study the change trend of blood pressure among rural adults in Shanxi province from 2002 to 2019,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension in the population.Methods The study included 1 095 rural adult residents(≥18 years)with normal blood pressure at baseline in four counties of Shanxi province as part of the Provincial Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Household Cohort Study,which began in 2002.Data were collected from participants'blood pressure measurements in 2015 and 2019,and changes in participants'blood pressure between 2002 and 2019 were analyzed.Results Among the participants,systolic and diastolic blood pressure(both in mm Hg)showed a significant increasing trend during the period(both P＜0.05).Compared to 122.9±10.4 in 2002,systolic blood pressure increased by 14.8 to 137.7±18.8 in 2015 and by 15.8 to 138.7±18.1 in 2019,with an increase percentage of 12.0％and 12.9％;while compared to 72.6±6.9 in 2002,diastolic blood pressure increased by 7.3 to 79.9±10.9 in 2015 and by 7.5 to 80.1±10.9 in 2019,with increase percentages of 10.1％and 10.3％,respectively.Conclusion There was a significant increasing trend in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels among rural adults in Shanxi province from 2002 to 2019.

Standards of basic dataset of chronic and noncommunicable diseases behavior risk factors surveillance in adults(T/CPMA 033-2023)was published and officially implemented by Chinese Preventive Medicine Association on October 20th,2023.The standard specifies the metadata attributes and data element attributes of the adult chronic and noncommunicable disease behavioral risk factors.It is suitable for the collection of data related to the monitoring,investigation,intervention and evaluation of chronic disease behavior risk factors conducted by health administrative departments,disease prevention and control institutions,primary-level medical and health care institutions,health examination and management institutions and scientific research institutes.The article interprets the key points of the standard,and provides guidance for medical and health institutions and professionals to deeply understand and promote the application of the standard.

目的 对全民健康生活方式行动实施以来中国居民的健康支持工具使用情况进行评估.方法 在维普数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国知网和PubMed检索2007-2021年全民健康生活方式行动对居民健康支持工具使用情况影响的随机对照研究.结果 全民健康生活方式开展行动地区的人群中限盐勺或限盐罐、控油壶、BMI尺、腰围尺的使用率分别是未开展该行动人群使用率的1.62倍、1.66倍、1.82倍和1.60倍.亚组分析显示,东部地区开展行动组限盐勺或限盐罐、控油壶、BMI尺、腰围尺的使用率分别是未开展行动组的1.39倍、1.39倍、1.72倍和1.44倍;中部地区分别是3.74倍、2.85倍、3.47倍和3.30倍;西部地区分别是1.72倍、1.88倍、1.56倍和1.48倍.城市开展行动组4种工具使用率分别是未开展行动组的1.55倍、1.62倍、1.79倍和1.60倍;农村开展行动组限盐勺或限盐罐、控油壶的使用率分别是未开展行动组的1.43倍和1.81倍,BMI尺、腰围尺的使用率与未开展行动组无差别.结论 全民健康生活方式行动提高了人群健康支持工具的使用率,但农村地区健康支持工具的普及有待加强.

目的 了解卫生和体育系统的政策制定者和专业人员对体医融合策略的知晓状况以及对体医融合策略的态度、看法和建议,为国家体医融合策略的实施提供依据及建议.方法 于2019年10-11月选取山西省、四川省、广东省、北京市、上海市和深圳市6个省(直辖市、计划单列市)的卫生和体育系统相关部门和机构的管理者、公共卫生及临床专业人员共计65人作为访谈对象,采用关键人物深入访谈和专题小组访谈方法开展访谈调查.访谈内容包括对体医融合的知晓情况、态度以及如何开展体医融合的看法和建议等.通过主题词梳理归纳整理访谈资料.结果 在接受访谈的65名访谈对象中,有86.2％的访谈对象表示知晓国家体医融合策略;有92.3％的访谈对象认为有必要实施体医融合策略,其中100％的公共卫生专业人员和92.6％的行政部门政策制定者认为有必要实施体医融合策略.对体医融合策略实施的建议:开展体医融合需要顶层设计;明确卫生和体育部门的职责;拓展筹资渠道,保障持续稳定的经费支持;体育健身公共服务体系建设,加强复合型人才培养,深化信息共享,推动健康产业发展.结论 卫生及体育系统人员对体医融合策略知晓率高,对实施体医融合策略的必要性已达成共识,实施体医融合策略应加强体制和机制的建设.

[目的]探讨我国结直肠癌发病相关影响因素及多种因素联合暴露与结直肠癌发病风险的关联.[方法]基于中国慢性病及其危险因素监测项目数据与中国肿瘤登记数据链接、匹配后的数据库开展巢式病例对照研究.共纳入结直肠癌病例755例,1∶4匹配对照共3 004例.采用条件Logistic回归模型计算各因素与结直肠癌发病风险的比值比(OR)和95％置信区间(CI),并基于弗明汉风险评分函数计算每个个体不同因素联合暴露评分.[结果]在校正多种混杂因素后,目前吸烟(OR=1.765,95％CI:1.408～2.211)、目前饮酒(OR=1.370,95％CI:1.122～1.674)、日均静坐时长超过 4 h(OR=1.843,95％CI:1.382～2.456)、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)为超重(OR=1.241,95％CI:1.027～1.501)或肥胖(OR=1.564,95％CI:1.217～2.009)、每天吃红肉类食物(OR=1.445,95％CI:1.185～1.763)、不经常吃蔬菜(OR-.1.650,95％CI:1.196～2.278)、患有高血压(OR=1.634,95％CI:1.350～1.978)和糖尿病(OR=1.749,95％CI:1.389～2.204)以及有癌症家族史(OR=1.880,95％CI:1.324～2.668)为结直肠癌发病危险因素.联合暴露评分结果显示,最高四分位数组发生结直肠癌的风险为第一四分位数组的4.186倍(95％CI:3.192～5.490).[结论]目前吸烟、饮酒者、久坐、超重或肥胖且有不良饮食习惯者以及患有高血压、糖尿病、有癌症家族史者是结直肠癌的高危人群,应重点关注.此外,上述多种危险因素联合作用会更为显著地增加结直肠癌发病风险.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the"technology comprehensive demonstration of chronic disease intervention model"on blood pressure management in southwest China,and provide the basis for popularizing the comprehensive demonstration intervention model in future.Methods Total 107 067 managed subjects in four chronic disease science and technology demonstration bases(Sichuan-Tibet,Chongqing,Yunnan,Guizhou)in southwest China from December 2018 to March 2019 were selected as subjects.Relying on the chronic disease appropriate technology population application management platform and chronic disease management information platform,the investigation was performed with the health education of blood pressure management,life-style management or medication therapy of hypertension and regular follow-up comprehensive management.The rate of blood pressure management,therapy or control rates of hypertension were evaluated.The x2 test and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used to anlyze the data.The used software was SAS 9.4.Results The morbidity rates of hypertension at baseline,middle and end stages were 57.5％,56.8％and 56.9％,respectively.The follow-up rates of blood pressure management in the middle and end stages(99.9％,99.9％)were signifi cantly higher than that(80.5％)in the baseline,and the rate of blood pressure management showed an upward trend(Z=176.9,P＜0.01).The medication treatment rates were 77.9％and 79.0％at the middle and end stage follow-up,respectively;which increased by 6.3％and 7.8％as compared with the baseline,respectively.The treatment rate of hypertension showed an increasing trend(Z=23.8,P＜0.01).The control rates of hypertension were 43.3％and 46.7％at the middle and end stage follow-up,which increased by 24.1％and 33.8％,respectively,as compared with the baseline.The hypertension control rate showed an increasing trend(Z=41.6,P＜0.01).Conclusion The"science and technology comprehensive demonstration of chronic disease intervention model"constructed in this project had a remarkable effect on blood pressure management,and had certain demonstration effects on the prevention or early diagnosis and treatment of major chronic diseases in southwest China.

目的 了解慢性病防控科研人员从事慢性病科普创作的实践情况,面临的主要问题和困难以及推动科研人员从事科普创作的意见和建议.方法 于2017年10至11月,选择全国31个省和5个计划单列市的国家、省市级疾控中心,科研院所和高校,共计669名慢性病防控科研人员开展线上问卷调查.调查内容包括研究对象的基本情况、开展科普创作的实践情况.并对其中30名科研人员进行个人和小组访谈,了解面临的主要问题和困难以及意见和建议等.采用SPSS 22.0进行描述性统计分析.结果 在调查的669名慢性病防控科研人员中,参与所在单位组织的科普创作的人员占比(86.4％)最高.在参加过慢性病科普创作的286名科研人员中,面向一般人群的科普创作占比(89.2％)最高,面向婴幼儿和学龄前儿童的占比(17.8％)最低;科普作品内容以合理膳食或营养指导为主(74.1％);科普创作表现形式以科普图画或海报、折页、小册子为主(63.3％);65.4％的科研人员没有开展科普创作的博客、微博、微信公众号等媒体平台;51.4％的科研人员投入到科普创作的时间占工作时间的比例不足5％.科研人员从事科普创作应提高的能力主要集中在文字表达、写作能力和创造性思维能力方面.缺乏时间、精力,缺少专业队伍,缺乏考核机制,科普创作技能不强,缺少经费以及媒体平台局限等是影响慢性病防控科研人员从事慢性病科普创作的主要因素.建议建立科普专业队伍,完善考核评价体制,加大经费投入,加强健康科普动员和宣传,开展科普创作技能提升培训,搭建更多科普创作和宣传教育平台.结论 慢性病防控科研人员从事科普创作的对象和作品内容比较局限,作品表现形式比较传统,投入科普创作的时间、精力不足,应创造更好的政策环境,建立激励机制,加强培训和服务,促进科研人员参与科普创作.

Abstract Background COPD and hypertension not only share some risk factors, but also interact in terms of disease progression and death. There are about 300 million hypertensive patients in China, but there is a scarcity of evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of COPD in hypertension population. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of COPD among hypertensive patients in China. Methods Data were collected as part of a large-scale and nationally representative sample survey conducted in 125 counties (districts) in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of mainland China aged 40 or above, 2014 -15, which consisted of 24,664 hypertensive patients. The prevalence and associated factors of COPD were analyzed among hypertensive patients population using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of COPD among hypertensive patients aged ≥ 40 years was 15.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI],0.15–0.16), with a prevalence of 21.9% (95% CI,0.21–0.23) for men and 9.0% (95% CI,0.08–0.10) for women. Among the hypertensive patients, the prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in those who were male (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% CI, 1.82–2.31), aged 70 years or older (OR, 6.00; 95% CI, 5.09–7.01), underweight (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18–2.05), current smoker(OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.53–1.93), with hospital admission due to severe pulmonary diseases in childhood (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.41–2.36), history of tuberculosis (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08–1.79), with family history of lung diseases (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.50–1.80), with indoor exposure to biomass for cooking or heating (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21), and with exposure to dust /chemicals in the workplace (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10–1.30), compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The prevalence of COPD is high in hypertensive patients aged 40 or above in China, which is associated with male gender, older age, less education, low weight, smokers, disease or family history of lung-related diseases, and exposure to dust /chemicals or biofuels. It would be of value to carry out health education, screening and comorbidity co-management for COPD relying on the hypertension community-based health management service among hypertensive patients aged 40 or above.

Objective:To investigate the status of satisfaction of postgraduates majoring in public health with the teaching material of The prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease, so as to provide the basis for promoting the teaching and optimizing the reprint of the teaching material. Methods:An online survey was conducted among 180 public health postgraduates of Batch 2018 to Batch 2020 from China CDC who took the selective course of "prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases". The survey content included the overall satisfaction of the respondents with the teaching material and such four levels of satisfaction as primary indicators at the content level, thinking level, motivation level and arrangement level and 20 secondary indicators. The statistical analysis was made by SPSS 25.0.Results:The effective response rate was 90.56% (163/180), and the overall satisfaction of postgraduates with the teaching material was 88.96%. The satisfaction of "scientificity", "comprehensiveness", "internal coordination" and "hierarchy" at the content level, "systematic thinking" and "quality education" at the thinking level, "deepening the understanding and application of relevant knowledge in the field of chronic disease prevention and control" and "the content is convenient for self-study and helps guide the construction of new knowledge" at the motivation level, and "accurate words, fluent language and easy to read and understand" and "firm binding, good paper quality and clear printing" at the arrangement level of the teaching material was more than 90.00%. Only the satisfaction of "the critical thinking" at the thinking level and "stimulating learning enthusiasm" at the motivation level was less than 85.00%.Conclusion:The teaching material of The prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease meets the learning needs of postgraduates majoring in public health, and students have high overall satisfaction evaluation on the teaching material. It is necessary to further optimize the two aspects of "the critical thinking" and "stimulating learning enthusiasm" in the revision of the teaching material.

In recent decades, China has faced a double burden of infectious diseases and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The number of deaths due to NCDs accounts for 88.5% of total deaths in China in 2019. To address these public health issues and improve the accessibility and affordability of primary health care, a National Basic Public Health Service Program (NBPHSP) was introduced as part of China’s healthcare reform initiated in 2009. Subsided by national and local government budgets, NBPHSP is mainly implemented by community and township health service centers, as well as health stations in urban areas and village clinics in rural areas (1). Health management of patients with hypertension and diabetes is an integral and pivotal part of the NBPHSP. The National Health Commission successively promulgated the National Standards for Basic Public Health Services (2009, 2011, and 2017 editions) to guide the management of patients with hypertension and diabetes. As required, all primary health care institutions should provide services for detection, comprehensive treatment, and follow-up for the local hypertensive and diabetic residents above 35 years old (2). Lifestyle and behavior risk factor interventions are cost-effective to tackle NCDs and are fundamental components of hypertension and diabetes management in the NBPHSP. Yet, limited literature has evaluated its implementation in China. Therefore, this study used pragmatic approaches to recollect published data and evaluate the implementation of the behavioral risk factor intervention in NCD patients in this nationwide public health action.

What is already known about this topic? Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health problem in the world. NCDs are the leading cause of premature deaths and disabilities among Chinese residents, resulting in heavy economic and health burdens. What is added by this report? This study conducted a quantitative analysis of the policy texts on NCDs prevention and control in China from 1990 to 2020, based on the perspective of policy instruments. It was discovered that China’s NCDs prevention and control policies developed rapidly from the ground up over the 30 years from 1990 to 2020 and that the majority of China’s NCDs prevention and control policies were environment-oriented, while supply-oriented and demand-oriented policies were insufficient. What are the implications for public health practice? The findings of this study suggested that increasing supply-oriented and demand-oriented strategies should be prioritized in the future formulation and revision of NCDs prevention and control policies.

目的 分析西南地区慢性病防控科技综合示范项目血脂管理率、治疗率和控制率及其变化情况,为了解西南地区慢性病防控科技综合示范管理的效果提供依据.方法 2018年12月-2021年6月在西南地区5个省(自治区、直辖市)选取21个地级市36个区(县)的108 620名居民,依托西南地区慢性病适宜技术人群应用管理平台和慢性病管理信息平台,开展行为生活方式管理和(或)降脂药物治疗、定期随访的综合管理,评估107 067名管理对象在干预中期和末期的血脂管理率、血脂异常治疗率和控制率的变化情况.采用SAS 9.4软件进行x2检验和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验.结果 西南地区项目管理人群中期和末期的随访血脂管理率分别为93.2％和95.6％,较基线分别升高了 20.9％和24.0％,血脂管理率呈上升趋势(Z=132.5,P＜0.01).项目地区血脂异常患者中期和末期血脂异常药物治疗率分别为17.8％和20.1％,较基线分别升高了 17.9％和33.1％,血脂异常治疗率呈上升趋势(Z=16.887,P＜0.01).血脂异常患者中期和末期血脂异常控制率分别为11,2％和13,2％,较基线分别升高了 21.7％和43.5％,血脂异常控制率呈上升趋势(Z=16.340,P＜0.01).结论 西南地区项目人群血脂综合管理取得了一定成效,但项目人群血脂异常的治疗和控制水平依然有待提高.

Based on the major findings of our studies, we found that in the past two or three decades, China’s noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) prevention and control policies experienced rapid development. The service mode of NCDs management was transformed, the service capabilities at primary medical facilities were comprehensively improved, and the health literacy and action capability of residents were improved. Remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of NCDs, and a lot of experience has been accumulated. However, unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents are still common, and the control of NCDs and related behavioral risk factors faces great challenges. Therefore, in order to implement the Healthy China strategy, early prevention and strengthening of the health management of NCDs in high-risk groups are essential.

目的 了解北京市丰台区幼儿园儿童视屏时间现况及视屏时间过长的影响因素,为制定视屏时间过长相关防控措施提供参考依据.方法 采用方便抽样,利用自制问卷对北京市丰台区9所幼儿园儿童的教师和家长进行调查.调查内容包括幼儿园儿童及家长的社会人口学特征,儿童每日视屏时间(在家和在校),儿童视屏时间可能影响因素.本次调查中将视屏时间＞1 h/d的儿童定义为超标组,视屏时间≤1h/d小时的儿童定义为合格组.通过统计描述、卡方检验和多因素logistic分析,了解儿童的视屏时间现况并分析其与可能影响因素之间的关系,显著性水平为0.05.结果 北京市丰台区1014名幼儿园儿童中,男童504名,年龄中位数为4岁.儿童每天视屏时间中位数为60 min,视屏时间超标儿童比例为46.7％(474/1 014).Logistic回归分析表明,导致儿童视屏时间＞1 h/d的因素包括:儿童年龄增高(≥5岁年龄组OR = 1.85,95％CI:1.27～2.70,P ＜ 0.01)、看护人为男性(OR = 1.65,95％CI:1.13～2.40,P ＜0.05)、看护人文化程度低于本科水平(大专学历水平OR = 2.33,95％CI:1.42～3.83,P＜0.01;高中学历水平OR =2.34,95％Cl:1.45～3.78,P＜0.01;初中及以下学历水平OR =2.00,95％CI:1.20～3.33,P ＜0.01).结论 北京市丰台区幼儿园儿童视屏时间超标的比例较高.儿童年龄越大、看护人为男性、看护人文化程度低等因素是导致幼儿园儿童视屏时间增加的危险因素.应针对这些影响因素,结合实际开展减少幼儿园儿童视屏时间的教育和干预工作.

山西营养与慢性病家庭队列是以2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查为基础、在山西省建立的以家庭为基础的全人群追踪队列,旨在从全生命周期探索膳食、营养、身体活动等生活方式及社会因素对人群健康的影响,为人群营养改善、慢性病防控及健康保障政策的制定提供科学依据.本文对该队列的背景、目标、研究内容与方法、质量控制、初步研究成果进行简要介绍,并展望未来的研究内容.

目的 分析2002-2015年山西省农村地区15岁及以上居民奶类、大豆类与坚果摄入状况及其变化,为制定我国农村居民奶类、大豆类与坚果摄入改善措施提供参考.方法 以2002年中国居民营养与健康调查中的山西省5个农村调查点数据为基线,于2015年对所有调查对象进行追踪,开展山西营养与慢性病家庭队列研究.选取参与两次调查并且有完整食物频率数据的786名15岁及以上居民作为研究对象,分组描述调查对象(总人群、消费人群)奶类、大豆类及坚果平均每日摄入量,分析个人食物摄入量及摄入频次的变化.采用SAS 9.4进行Wilcoxon、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Spearman秩相关检验.结果 2002-2015年山西省农村居民总人群平均每日摄入奶类由8.3 g增至51.3 g,坚果由1.1g增至4.7 g;而大豆类由24.3 g降至22.7 g.从个体消费趋势来看,奶类和坚果的个体摄入量以不变为主,占比分别为60.8％和57.5％,大豆及制品以上升为主,占比为54.5％.奶类、大豆类和坚果每周摄入频次由不吃至吃的比例分别为19.6％、3.1％、25.5％;由不吃至经常吃的比例分别为14.0％、2.3％、4.3％;由吃至经常吃的比例分别为0.8％、29.6％、0.1％.结论 山西省农村地区15岁及以上居民总人群与消费人群的奶类、坚果平均摄入量较低,而大豆类摄入水平较高.部分居民奶类、大豆类和坚果的摄入量及摄入频次有明显改善.未来应进一步科学引导居民进行合理的食物消费行为.

目的 了解2002-2015年山西农村15岁及以上居民蔬菜和水果摄入及变化情况,为我国北方农村居民膳食指导提供科学依据.方法 在2002年中国居民营养与健康调查的基础上,2015年对山西省5个农村地区的居民进行跟踪调查.选取2002年基线和2015年随访中参与两次调查且具有完整食物频率数据的786名居民为研究对象.2002年和2015年采用相同的调查问卷收集研究对象基本情况、蔬菜和水果摄入量和摄入频次.应用SAS 9.4软件进行x2检验,Kruskal-Wallis检验,Wilcoxon检验和Spearman相关性检验.结果 2002-2015年,研究对象蔬菜摄入量中位数由150.00 g/d上升至200.00 g/d;水果摄入量中位数由21.43g/d上升至100.00 g/d.2002-2015年蔬菜和水果摄入量增加的个体所占比例最高(分别为58.78％和70.74％),蔬菜和水果摄入频次不变的个体所占比例最高(分别为67.94％和42.75％).2002-2015年,15～44岁组与45～59岁组居民蔬菜摄入量变化差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.0167).2002-2015年,15-44岁组与45～59岁组、60岁及以上组居民水果摄入量和摄入频次变化差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.0167).结论 2002-2015年山西省农村地区15岁及以上居民蔬菜水果摄入量增加的占比最高,但蔬菜和水果摄入频次不变的占比最高.

目的 了解中国西南地区2017年疾控系统慢性病防控人力资源现状,为进一步加强西南地区疾控系统慢性病防控人力资源建设提供参考依据.方法 收集中国疾病预防控制中心2018年7-11月开展的第五次全国慢性病预防控制能力调查中2017年重庆市、四川省、贵州省、云南省和西藏自治区576家疾病预防控制中心2 119名慢性病防控在岗人员的相关信息,分析西南地区疾控系统慢性病防控人员的配置情况及年龄、工作年限、学历、专业、职称分布情况.结果 中国西南地区2017年疾控系统慢性病防控在岗人员占总在岗人员的6.5％,慢性病防控专职在岗人员占总在岗人员的4.6％;慢性病防控人员年龄以25～34岁者所占比例最高(40.7％),工作年限以＜5年者所占比例最高(59.5％),学历以本科及以上者所占比例最高(57.5％),专业以医学专业者所占比例最高(94.9％),职称以初级职称所占比例最高(44.8％).不同地区比较,重庆市、四川省、贵州省、云南省和西藏自治区5个地区慢性病防控在岗人员占总在岗人员比例、专职慢性病防控在岗人员占总在岗人员比例、防控人员年龄、工作年限、副高及以上职称比例差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).慢性病防控在岗人员和专职慢性病防控在岗人员占总在岗人员比例均呈省、地市和县(区)上升趋势(均P＜0.05);慢性病防控人员工作年限、本科及以上学历比例、医学专业比例、副高及以上职称比例均呈省、地市和县(区)下降趋势(均P＜0.05).结论 中国西南地区2017年疾控系统慢性病防控人力资源水平与慢性病巨大的疾病负担水平不匹配,且存在级别差异.

目的 了解北京市丰台区3～6岁学龄前儿童的夜间睡眠时间及其影响因素,为开展学龄前儿童睡眠时间健康教育与干预提供参考.方法 于2019年4月采用方便抽样方法选取丰台区5个街道9所幼儿园的1004名3～6岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,利用问卷星平台采用自制的结构式问卷对主要看护儿童的家长进行线上调查,了解儿童基本情况、儿童夜间睡眠时间、每日户外活动时长、每日视屏时间、每周兴趣班学习时长、家庭人均月收入、家庭类型以及主要看护家长基本情况.采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行方差分析、x2检验、趋势x2检验和多因素logistic回归分析.结果 实际完成调查996人,应答率为99.2％.3～6岁学龄前儿童平均每日夜间睡眠时间为(9.2±1.0)h,男孩和女孩分别为(9.2±1.0)和(9.3±1.0)h,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).每日夜间睡眠时间达到10h的儿童比例为36.7％,其中男童为34.7％,女童为38.8％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3～、4～、5～和6～岁组儿童平均每日夜间睡眠时间依次为(9.6±1.1)、(9.3±1.0)、(9.2±0.9)和(8.9±0.9)h,每日夜间睡眠时间随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).3～6岁学龄前儿童每日夜间睡眠时间达到10h的比例由3～岁组的50.3％(74/147)降至6～岁组的23.6％(35/148),随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,学龄前儿童发生夜间睡眠时间不足10h的风险随年龄增长而升高(OR=1.371,95％CI:1.170～1.607,P＜0.05);与男性看护家长相比,女性家长看护的儿童发生夜间睡眠时间不足10h的风险较低(OR=0.583,95％CI:0.377～0.901,P＜0.05).结论 丰台区3～6岁学龄前儿童夜间睡眠时间不足情况较为普遍,儿童年龄、看护人性别是影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素.