Karrikins (KARs), produced during wildfires, are bioactive compounds that stimulate seed germination in fire-prone ecosystems and influence broader plant–environment interactions. These compounds act through the α/β hydrolase receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), which perceives KARs as analogs of the hypothesized phytohormone KAI2 ligand (KL). KAR signaling shares molecular parallels with strigolactones (SLs), another class of butenolide plant hormones, and regulates diverse processes such as seedling development, root architecture, photomorphogenesis, and stress responses. Despite its multifaceted roles, the mechanistic basis of KAR-mediated regulation remains poorly understood. This review synthesizes insights into KAR signaling mechanisms, emphasizing recent advances in signal transduction pathways and functional studies. It also addresses key unresolved questions, including the identity of endogenous KL and the crosstalk between KARs and other hormonal networks. By elucidating these mechanisms, KAR-based strategies hold promises for enhancing crop resilience and sustainability, offering novel avenues for agricultural innovation in changing environments.

Pinellia ternata, a traditional Chinese herb, suffers from soil degradation and nutrient imbalance, which significantly decrease both yield and quality. Here, the application of microbial organic fertilizer (MOF) in the cultivation of P. ternata results in high yields and quality under two soil conditions, whether grown in greenhouse or open-field environments. The application of MOF enhanced seedling emergence rates and photosynthetic efficiency, significantly improving various agronomic traits, and increasing the content of flavonoids and total alkaloids in tubers, with a stronger effect observed at a dosage of 75 g/m2. Moreover, available phosphorus, available potassium, catalase, and urease levels were significantly improved. Further, 16S and ITS sequencing revealed that bacteria diversity was not affected by all treatment, while the fungi unweighted UniFrac index showed significant decline in the MOF treatment. The abundance of bacterial Acidobacteriota and Proteobacteria varied with continuous cropping soil, whereas abundance of fungi Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota was changed in the first cropping of P. ternata. These findings suggest that applying MOF improves the microbial communities of the rhizosphere soil of P. ternata, enhancing soil enzyme activities and decomposing organic and inorganic matter. This, in turn, contributes to the yield and quality of P. ternata.

Coreopsis lanceolata L. 1753 is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae, often cultivated as an ornamental flower. The species has also been reported to contain a wide range of phytochemicals and to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. To better understand the genetic information of C. lanceolata, its complete chloroplast genome was assembled and characterized for the first time in this study. The chloroplast genome was 150,448 bp long and contained 129 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. A rearrangement involving double inversions was observed in the chloroplast genome when compared with that of Barnadesia caryophylla. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that C. lanceolata, Bidens frondosa, B. tripartita, and B. pilosa formed a monophyletic clade. The findings of this study provide support for future research on the evolution and potential pharmaceutical applications of this species.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a nutritious vegetable and a key crop in China, encompassing a sizeable cultivation area. However, continuous cropping has led to declines in yield and quality, limiting sustainable development in the protected cowpea industry. This study investigated the effects of combining organic fertilizer with soil conditioner (an amendment containing beneficial microbes and organic components) on protected cowpea production, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure in soils subjected to five consecutive cowpea cropping cycles. The results demonstrated that combined application significantly improved cowpea yield and quality. Specifically, soil pH decreased by 5.4%, while soil organic matter (OM) content increased markedly, especially during the vegetative growth stage, displaying a 70.4% increase. The activities of key soil enzymes, including sucrase (SC), protease (PT), nitrate reductase (NR), dehydrogenase (DHO), and phosphatase, were enhanced, while the urease (UE) activity decreased. Additionally, the combined application improved bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness exhibited positive correlations with various soil nutrient indicators, enzyme activities, and physicochemical properties. Moreover, cowpea protein, carbohydrate, and energy contents were positively correlated with specific soil enzyme activities and nutrient levels. The combined treatment increased the cowpea yield by nearly 32,849 kg per ha and protein content by 32.3% compared with applying only organic fertilizer while optimizing the soil microbial community, improving soil structure and fertility, and effectively mitigating the issues of continuous cropping in protected cowpea production.

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Briet., a valuable herb native to China, is susceptible to the “sprout tumble” phenomenon because of high temperatures, resulting in a significant yield reduction. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of P. ternata to heat stress are not well understood. In this study, we integrated transcriptome and miRNAome sequencing to identify heat-response genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and key miRNA-target pairs in P. ternata that differed between heat-stress and room-temperature conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed extensive reprogramming of 4,960 genes across various categories, predominantly associated with cellular and metabolic processes, responses to stimuli, biological regulation, cell parts, organelles, membranes, and catalytic and binding activities. miRNAome sequencing identified 1,597 known/conserved miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the two test conditions. According to the analysis, genes and miRNAs associated with the regulation of transcription, DNA template, transcription factor activity, and sequence-specific DNA binding pathways may play a major role in the resistance to heat stress in P. ternata. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and miRNAome expression data revealed 41 high-confidence miRNA-mRNA pairs, forming 25 modules. MYB-like proteins and calcium-responsive transcription coactivators may play an integral role in heat-stress resistance in P. ternata. Additionally, the candidate genes and miRNAs were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to validate their expression patterns. These results offer a foundation for future studies exploring the mechanisms and critical genes involved in heat-stress resistance in P. ternata.

High temperatures are a major stress factor that limit the growth of Pinellia ternata . WRKY proteins widely distribute in plants with the important roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, WRKY genes have not been identified in P. ternata thus far . In this study, five PtWRKYs with four functional subgroups were identified in P. ternata . One group III WRKY transcription factor, PtWRKY2, was strongly induced by high temperatures, whereas the other four PtWRKYs were suppressed. Analysis of transcription factor characteristics revealed that PtWRKY2 localized to the nucleus and specifically bound to W-box elements without transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of PtWRKY2 increased the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis , as shown by the higher percentage of seed germination and survival rate, and the longer root length of transgenic lines under high temperatures compared to the wild-type. Moreover, PtWRKY2 overexpression significantly decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation by increasing the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities. Furthermore, the selected heat shock-associated genes, including five transcription factors ( HSFA1A , HSFA7A , bZIP28 , DREB2A, and DREB2B ), two heat shock proteins ( HSP70 and HSP17.4 ), and three antioxidant enzymes ( POD34 , CAT1, and SOD1 ), were all upregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis . The study identifies that PtWRKY2 functions as a key transcriptional regulator in the heat tolerance of P. ternata , which might provide new insights into the genetic improvement of P. ternata.

Pinellia ternata is an important natural medicinal herb in China. However, it is susceptible to withering when exposed to high temperatures during growth, which limits its tuber production. Mitochondria usually function in stress response. The P. ternata mitochondrial (mt) genome has yet to be explored. Therefore, we integrated PacBio and Illumina sequencing reads to assemble and annotate the mt genome of P. ternata. The circular mt genome of P. ternata is 876 608 bp in length and contains 38 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 tRNA genes and three rRNA genes. Codon usage, sequence repeats, RNA editing and gene migration from chloroplast (cp) to mt were also examined. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mt genomes of P. ternata and 36 other taxa revealed the taxonomic and evolutionary status of P. ternata. Furthermore, we investigated the mt genome size and GC content by comparing P. ternata with the other 35 species. An evaluation of non-synonymous substitutions and synonymous substitutions indicated that most PCGs in the mt genome underwent negative selection. Our results provide comprehensive information on the P. ternata mt genome, which may facilitate future research on the high-temperature response of P. ternata and provide new molecular insights on the Araceae family.

Practical teaching is an important link in the cultivation of agricultural professionals, and the Specialty of Facility Agriculture Science and Engineering is an agricultural major with strong applicability and practicality. Integrating Professional Curriculum Group with Modern Agricultural Industry Chain, a practical education system has been built for Facility Agriculture Science and Engineering in Heze University, which has improved students’ professional quality and innovation ability, realized the collaborative education of science, industry, education and enterprise, and provided the reform ideas of practical teaching of the specialty.

番茄种植中番茄疫病(早疫病与晚疫病)普遍发生,病情轻者减产30％左右,发病严重者植株枯萎,甚至死亡.无论是减产还是绝收,都会导致番茄种植户的收入降低,造成严重的经济损失.本研究针对番茄疫病(早疫病与晚疫病)的病症、病菌入侵方式、疫病发生条件、病害传播媒介和种植地发病规律等展开分析,提出番茄早疫病和晚疫病的综合防治措施,供种植户参考.

文章首先阐述了新农科背景下高校"植物学"课程思政教学的重要意义,然后论述了新农科背景下高校"植物学"课程思政教学实践,最后分析了新农科背景下高校"植物学"课程思政教学实践效果.

乡土文化教育是中华优秀传统文化得以传承和弘扬的基础,高等教育在传承发展乡土文化中起着重要作用.在现代化、城镇化进程中乡土文化认同感被弱化,高等教育中乡土文化内容上存在碎片化,系统性、整体性不足等诸多问题,导致乡土文化无法有机融入高等教育.高校积极开设乡土文化教育相关课程,实践教学中贯穿乡土文化教育元素,营造浓郁的乡土文化传承氛围,丰富乡土文化传播路径,充分发挥乡土文化教育的育人功能,才能全面提升高等教育人才培养质量.

随着设施农业的快速发展,我国设施豇豆种植面积越来越大,同时设施豇豆重茬问题也日益突出.研究发现,设施豇豆连续种植3～5年就会出现重茬症状,通常表现为土壤板结,地面土壤呈现出白、绿等颜色;土壤肥力不平衡,豇豆生理性病害增多,如叶片缺乏活力、叶缘下卷、银叶病等;豇豆根系浅、短、少;幼苗生长缓慢,成活率低,抗逆性差;植株易早衰,开花迟缓,结果少,产量明显降低;病虫害加重,品质明显下降,严重时大量死秧,导致大面积减产甚至绝产,已经成为设施豇豆生产亟待解决的难题.笔者于2019—2022年进行试验研究,摸索出了一套设施豇豆抗重茬高产栽培与品质提升技术,即采用番茄、豇豆套种的方式,再配合使用抗重茬肥料及全程营养方案,可有效解决设施豇豆重茬问题、明显提高豇豆的产量和品质,豇豆每667 m2 年纯收益达2 万元左右,效果良好,目前该技术正在积极推广中.

学习困难大学生群体教育发展问题,是长期以来备受教育界和社会广泛关注的重点、热点问题."学习困难大学生"由于学习障碍,出现休学、退学、对前途失去希望等现实问题,甚至出现恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、烦躁情绪,性格发展偏离正确轨道等诸多心理问题.探讨中国优秀传统文化在"学习困难大学生"心理健康教育中的作用,大力弘扬实施中国优秀传统文化教育,成功实施人文精神教育、机会教育、成功教育、精神境界教育、责任感和使命感等教育,激发学生拼搏努力的精神,探寻新的学习方法,不断攻坚克难,突破自我,战胜困难,可推动大学生人生脉络的良性发展.

蛋黄中卵磷脂含量较高,但目前提取工艺不稳定,提取液类型、料液比、温度及时间是严重影响卵磷脂提取效率的重要因素,采用正交试验设计方法优化从鸡蛋黄中提取卵磷脂的实验条件,结果表明在利用乙醇和乙醚比例为5:1的混合物,60℃浸提30 min,卵磷脂得率可达45.1％,该研究为蛋黄卵磷脂的提取提供理论依据.训练学生掌握多因素实验设计方法,提升学生实验设计水平及综合创新能力,同时掌握抽滤等实验技能,激发学生对实验课程的学习兴趣.

菏泽牡丹栽培历史悠久,规模大,优势明显,但牡丹产业发展进程缓慢,全产业链不完整,牡丹综合价值开发不完备.通过对菏泽牡丹产业发展中存在问题以及牡丹种植与加工、观赏与服务业等二三产业融合发展模式探讨,提出牡丹产业进行三产融合发展模式,延长牡丹产业链,实现全产业链价值提升,创建牡丹一二三产业命运共同体,构建新型农业服务组织,开发牡丹产业新型经营主体,助力乡村牡丹产业振兴.

观光生态农业作为国家新兴产业,发展前景广阔.因其能合理利用资源,将自然、民族文化和旅游文化融合在一起,有效解决农村剩余劳动力问题,带动农村经济发展,而且能满足人们休闲旅游等高质量的生活需求,在全国各地兴起.山东省菏泽市农业人口比重大,经济相对落后,发展观光生态农业潜力大.在不断弥补菏泽市生态观光农业发展不足的同时,对菏泽市观光生态资源进行合理有效的开发和保护成为当下发展的关键所在.

曹州光皮木瓜原产于山东菏泽,是菏泽市的特色经济树种,木瓜果是菏泽市著名特产之一.近年来,曹州光皮木瓜已成功引种至全国多个省份,种植效益不断提高,植株用途也愈加广泛.然而,长期以来,曹州光皮木瓜缺乏规范化的栽培与病虫害防治技术,因此,对其关键技术进行系统研究具有重要意义.首先对曹州光皮木瓜的特点进行了概述;其次以大田试验管理经验为基础,介绍了曹州光皮木瓜栽培关键技术,包括果园选择、苗木栽植、肥水管理、整枝修剪、花果管理等方面;最后对曹州光皮木瓜病虫害防治技术进行了归纳总结.

实施乡村振兴战略,产业兴旺是重点、生态宜居是关键,而建设生态宜居美丽乡村,是推进乡村生态文明建设的有力抓手.分析了菏泽市生态宜居乡村建设的现状和存在的主要问题;通过调研归纳总结出适宜菏泽美丽乡村建设的特色种植业为中心的产业带动型、一二三产融合带动下的循环生态农业发展型、传统文化与农旅融合型、农产品加工业为中心的产业带动型等几种主要发展模式;提出加强菏泽市生态宜居乡村建设的措施和思路.

牡丹产业是菏泽市的特色优势产业.随着科技快速发展,牡丹产品开发的逐步深入,牡丹产业的发展迎来了新机遇和挑战.基于对菏泽市牡丹产业发展现状及存在问题分析,提出牡丹全产业链发展模式,通过延伸牡丹产业链、产业整合发展、搭建协作共同体等策略实现菏泽牡丹产业的快速发展.

以姬秋丽的叶片和茎尖为外植体材料,进行多肉植物组培快繁技术研究.研究结果表明:以茎尖为外植体培养效果最佳,先用75％乙醇处理30s,再用0.1％升汞浸泡12～15min为最佳消毒处理方法;以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA、KT等植物生长调节剂,适宜诱导姬秋丽愈伤组织及丛生芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L,效果明显;丛生芽增殖培养基MS+6-BA 2mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L最为适宜;生根培养基以1/2MS+IBA 2.0mg/L为最佳,试验证明最终成苗率可达90％以上,根部粗壮生长状态良好,研究表明姬秋丽组织培养快繁技术体系增殖数高,易成活,质量高.