运载火箭技术是我国开展空间探索、发展太空技术的根本保障,是实现航天器入轨及后续维护的保证.运载火箭相关装备是典型的巨型复杂系统,系统及分系统间接口复杂、运载火箭型号种类繁多、功能性能要求较高.我国从 20 世纪末推动运载火箭"通用化、系列化、组合化"(以下简称"三化")工作.

介绍了标准数字化的概念和国内外标准数字化研究及应用进展,以航天领域数字化转型探索为契机,结合数字化条件下对标准化工作的需求分析,提出航天领域标准数字化转型的思路和实施路径,以期对航天领域标准数字化转型应用提供借鉴和参考,支撑和保障"航天强国"目标和"数字航天"战略的实现.

传统的标准编写方式通常是自由格式的,没有明确的结构和规范,容易导致标准质量不齐、同类型标准格式不统一、甚至存在标准信息错误等问题.为保证标准数据的完整性,本研究提出一种基于XML的标准化结构化框架,该框架定义了一组规范的XML元素和属性用于表示特定类型的标准文本内容,使得标准内容可以被明确的结构化和标记化,以确保标准结构准确、内容完整,可实现不同系统之间的互操作,降低系统间集成难度、提高标准转换和处理效率.

针对运载火箭上面级飞行器快速发展对标准化的需求,在调研分析现有国内外上面级型号技术现状和标准现状的基础上,探讨我国上面级标准体系框架的构建思路,提出对发射场接口、总装质量要求等关键标准需求.

本文调研军贸项目的工作过程,总结军贸项目成功经验,梳理我国军贸工作全流程的标准需求和缺项,构建军贸产品出口标准体系,为军贸全流程标准制修订提供技术依据.通过制定各类军贸相关的急需、关键技术标准可为军贸型号提供适用好用、可操作性强的标准规范,促进项目协同一致,推进项目经验总结,优化和减少各军贸项目的重复劳动,节约成本,保证军贸项目顺利完成.为开展军贸标准制修订工作提供蓝图与依据,全面规范我国军贸工作,提升军贸产品国际化形象,具有重要的战略意义.

航天器在轨运行期间,在各种扰源作用下会产生一种加速度幅度小、频率分布广的微振动,将严重影响高精度航天器有效载荷的指向精度和姿态稳定度.本文针对规范和推广航天器微振动试验的需求,从标准化的角度研究了航天器在轨微扰动源、航天器自由边界模拟、背景噪声控制等航天器微振动试验的方法和要求,分析了国内航天器微振动试验方法的发展方向及相关标准需求,提出了航天器微振动试验标准体系.

从标准实施的内涵、作用和基本形式出发,将标准实施活动视为一个系统整体,尝试用系统方法论对标准实施活动进行模型构建和研究,探讨标准实施工作的宏观管理、标准实施问题分析与研究的思路,探索标准实施系统分析和应用的技术框架体系.

在调研美国标准体系的基础上,梳理美国标准体系的构成、分类、组织机构以及各类标准之间的关系,研究美国各类标准的生成机制,包括美国国家标准、美国政府部门标准、美国协会标准的总体情况以及生成机制,总结美国各类标准生成机制的特点,为我国标准体系建设以及标准生成机制改革提供参考和借鉴.

通过对军贸产品质量监督工作的总结,阐述了当前军贸产品质量监督工作存在的主要问题,提出了军贸产品质量监督的基本要求、基本类型、方法和主要内容的建议,以有效提升军贸产品质量监督的有效性.

本文研究了军贸项目的特点,分析了我国军贸项目发展面临的主要问题,阐述了以标准化方法推动军贸项目发展的观点,提出了在国际标准研究、型号标准化管理以及关键标准制定等方面的需求及建议,对我国今后开展军贸标准化工作具有指导和借鉴意义.

我国对地观测系统已逐步形成立体、多维、高中低分辨率相结合的全球综合观测能力,但尚未建立相关的完善和配套的标准体系,由于高分辨率卫星光学遥感器标准化在与新技术发展对接、系统性以及关键技术标准等方面存在着需求,需要借鉴国外光学遥感器相关标准,在标准体系构建原则与框架以及相关的急需标准制定等方面开展进一步的工作.文章从高分系统卫星光学遥感器标准化需求、标准体系构建、国内外相关标准现状等展开分析与研究,提出急需制定标准的建议.

In view of the problem that the data retrieval by traditional searching methods based on keywords and topic words cannot satisfy the real needs that emerge in the geological data research,this study provides a solution for semantic level retrieval.A geological data ontology model related to mineral resource predication is built through a detailed expression of the concepts,characteristics,relationship and instances.The geological data linked retrieval system is established.By associating the geological data ontology,the experiment in this research proves that the proposed ontology shows a significant improvement in data discovery.The linked retrieval system could obtain the geological data in local area network and research relatively in semantic level to meet the requirement of big data application service.The application of geological data ontology in this paper will have an important significance for the accurate data discovery,data tapping and data sharing in the era of geological big data.

大数据技术的高速发展为地质数据挖掘与分析带来了新的机遇.借鉴大数据技术的思想,提出了一种多源异构的地质数据集成方法,为数据挖掘、地质数据信息化服务提供了技术基础.针对北京周口店研究区,建立了其野外地质三维综合信息平台,将各类地表、地质体、地质信息等结构、半结构、非结构数据集成到统一的平台系统中,实现了研究区域相关地质数据的集成管理、可视化浏览、查询与分析,为大数据方法在地质领域的应用提供了新的思路.

近年来,大数据越来越受到计算机、地质、生物、医学等诸多领域的关注且得到了广泛的应用.以世界主要发达国家地质信息服务跟踪为例,针对美、加、英、澳4国的主要地质调查网站及中国知网,运用地质大数据发现技术的网络爬虫方法,获取需求文本数据,进而分析文本内容,总结国外地质信息社会化服务现状.大数据发现技术在地质领域的合理运用,对快速、高效获取图片、文档等数据及降低信息获取成本具有一定的意义.

With the new generation of information technology's development and its application in geology ,such as the Internet of things ,the Internet ,big data and cloud computing .How to retrieve more complete and more accurate information from the massive geological data ,and provide it to user in a appreciate way is a question need to be resolved .In this paper we first define a semantic model towards geological big data and provide the construction method of this model based on the knowledge graph technology .Then ,we propose a semantic retrieval and clustering analysis method .Finally ,some related experiments were carried out by the geological big data retrieval system implemented .Experimental results show that the method has high recall and precision efficiency than others .

Unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) low-altitude remote sensing is an extension and supplement of the traditional aerial photogrammetry, characterized by the airspace application convenience, short launch preparation time, and being less influenced by meteorological conditions, landing site restrictions and regional geological conditions. In order to promote the UAV low-altitude remote sensing technical application, the authors studied its key technologies. The function of UAV low-altitude remote sensing system and the factors considered in the design were analyzed, and the survey process was summarized. A complete technical route of UAV low-altitude remote sensing using in geological survey was formed. To prove the practicability of this technology method, the low -altitude UAV remote sensing system was built up for application in Zhoukoudian area. The results show that this means can provide timely and effective image for geological survey and emergence response survey, and has reference significance for low-altitude UAV remote sensing engineering application.

Geological science data present the characteristic of big data.Traditional manual retrieval and processing geological data has great limitations.It is difficult to meet the high-speed development requirement of the current geological science.Aiming at the establishment and prediction of prospecting geological model,this paper makes use of the big data discovery method to realize the automatic collection of geological prospecting thematic data.By using the machine learning method,the geological thematic data is mining deeply,and the prediction method of prospecting model based on big data intelligence is researched.On the basis of the existing geological metallogenic theory,a unified geological prospecting model library of multi-source data is established.Naive bayesian classification algorithm is used for prospecting concept model library classify data.By calculating model control utilization rate of mineral elements and importance,the comprehensive and objective prospecting geological model is establish to realize the prediction of prospecting model.

结合航天器动力学环境的主要技术背景和我国航天型号研制的实际情况,通过分析研究美国宇航局标准NASA-HDBK-7005《动力学环境准则》,介绍航天动力学环境的主要分类以及描述方法,阐释航天动力学环境冲击响应谱的计算力学系统及其相关标准的应用.

分析军贸产品验收工作现状,提出军贸验收工作应重点关注的问题,阐述某军贸产品的验收流程以及验收项目确认、验收准备、验收实施和验收总结的工作内容.

The spacecraft has to encounter kinds of environment in it's life-cycle.The user and manufacturer shall define the environments according to the mission activities,and the designer shall consider the environmental effects on products to ensure that the function, performance,reliability,safety and environmental worthiness of spacecraft meet the require-ments.Based on the above ideas,the development of environmental conditions and the evolu-tionary process of environmental profile for spacecraft are analyzed from the perspective of environmental engineering.The encounter environmental factors of spacecraft in the missions are discussed from the perspective of product design.The single environmental factor effect and combined environmental factor effects on spacecraft are given which can provide a refe-rence for spacecraft design and test.