文章首先阐述了新农科背景下高校"植物学"课程思政教学的重要意义,然后论述了新农科背景下高校"植物学"课程思政教学实践,最后分析了新农科背景下高校"植物学"课程思政教学实践效果.

文章首先阐述了课程思政在"植物学实验"教学中施行的必要性,然后提出了课程思政在"植物学实验"教学中施行的策略,最后总结了课程思政在"植物学实验"教学中施行的效果.

牡丹是中国传统名花,集多色牡丹于一身的什锦牡丹观赏价值更高,深受人们喜爱.什锦牡丹的培育有组合法与嫁接法两种,其中后者在生产中常用.详细总结了嫁接培育什锦牡丹的技术,包括砧木选择、接穗选择、嫁接时期、嫁接方法以及嫁接后的各种管理等,可为什锦牡丹的培育与推广提供参考.

混合式教学是当前高校课堂教学改革的重要研究方向,构建混合式教学模式要建设线上、线下双平台,线上SPOC平台与线下传统课堂讲授相结合充分发挥各自的优势,为新形势下高校教学改革提供了新思路.介绍了传统式教学、M OOC和SPOC的优缺点,分析了高校植物学课程的教学现状并进行了混合式教学实践,在教学组织中采用线上到线下、再到线上的教学方法,并采用多元化和全过程的评价方式,通过课前自主学习、课中解疑答惑及成果展示、课后复习提升对植物学混合式教学进行了探索和实践,分析了混合式教学模式的优势,阐明了存在的问题并提出了建议,同时为高校混合式教学模式的改革提供实践经验.

以“凤丹”花丝为外植体,探究了外植体发育时期、基本培养基和植物生长调节剂(plant growth regulators, PGRs)对愈伤组织诱导、增殖和分化的影响,并对不同类型的愈伤组织进行了形态组织学观察.结果 表明:花蕾直径为13～19mm时、半透明或白色的幼嫩花丝更适宜愈伤组织的诱导;愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为SH添加2,4-D 1 mg·L-1、NAA2 mg·L-1及BA 0.2 mg·L-1,最高诱导率和诱导量分别为99.12％和5.68 g;愈伤组织增殖的最适培养基为SH添加2,4-D0.5mg· L-1、NAA 0.5 mg·L-1及BA 0.25 mg·L-1,增殖率为3.86;花丝愈伤组织根据形态结构可分为三类,Ⅰ类愈伤组织具有典型的胚性愈伤组织特征,可进一步分化产生体胚;Ⅱ类愈伤组织和Ⅲ类愈伤组织内部呈现大量维管组织分化,其中Ⅱ类愈伤组织中观察到了不定芽的分化,Ⅲ类愈伤组织未见分化.上述结果表明“凤丹”花丝具有重要再生潜力,是一种良好的新型外植体,对研究建立牡丹体外再生体系具有重要价值.

为观察五列木科阔叶杨桐子房中衍生胎座的发育过程,探明衍生胎座与心皮源胎座及特立中央胎座的关系,该研究采用扫描电子显微镜和体视显微镜相结合的方法,详细观察了阔叶杨桐的花芽和成熟果实.花芽采集后经FAA固定、酒精-乙酸异戊酯梯度脱水、液体CO2干燥、扫描电子显微镜下观察;将成熟果实直接在体视显微镜下解剖观察.结果表明:阔叶杨桐花芽发育过程中,雄蕊原基发生后,5心皮快速发生,先愈合形成上部具有中轴胎座、下部是空腔的子房;接着心皮上长出胎座(心皮源胎座),在其下部空腔内与心皮相对的位置,花托顶端出现多个凸起,并逐渐愈合成半球形的衍生胎座,心皮源胎座和衍生胎座上出现多枚可育胚珠.成熟果实中,心皮源胎座和衍生胎座上均有种子,二者之间没有维管束联系.因此,衍生胎座与心皮源胎座独立发生,且晚于心皮源胎座;阔叶杨桐衍生胎座的发育过程不同于石竹科和商陆科的特立中央胎座(中轴胎座隔膜消失形成),而与杜鹃花目报春花科、假轮叶科、杜茎山科和紫金牛科的特立中央胎座类似(在花托顶端直接形成).

随着我国经济、社会和科技发展的不断深入,产业结构持续优化升级,国家对于大学生创新创业能力的重视程度和培养力度日渐提升.传统教育模式下,大学生在创新创业能力方面的短板已在一定程度上制约了自身综合素质的发展.在产教融合深入推进的新阶段,不断拓展大学生创新创业能力培养路径,以行之有效的方式提升大学生的创新创业能力,进而推动社会生产力获得持续发展,是提升区域经济竞争力与影响力的必由之路.在充分认识产教融合重要性的前提下,对大学生创新创业能力培养现状和存在的问题进行深入挖掘和思考,从创新教学方式、优化师资结构、创新教育教学理念、健全校企合作培养机制等方面提出了参考方案.

为探讨萘乙酸(NAA)浸种对镉胁迫下玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以郑单958玉米种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸发芽法,研究了不同浓度NAA浸种对Cd2+胁迫下玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,与单独Cd2+胁迫相比,一定浓度NAA浸种缓解了Cd2+胁迫对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,使其发芽势和发芽率升高,苗高 、根长 、侧根数和鲜重增加,以NAA浓度为5 mg·L-1缓解效果最好,过高浓度NAA浸种抑制玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长.

To investigate effect of heavy mental on seed germination,seedling growth and physiological,biochemical characteristics of plant,the response of seed germination,seedling growth and physiological,biochemical characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum under different concentrations of cadmium and mercury stress were studied by mean of petri dish filter paper method.The results showed that low concentration of Cd2+ or Hg2+ (≤20 mg· L-1) treatment had little effect on the germination energy and germination rate,while the germination energy and germination rate dropped significantly when the concentration of Cd2+ was higher than 30 mg· L-1 and the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 40 mg· L-1.The germination index dropped when the concentration of Cd2+ was higher than 20mg· L-1 and the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 30 mg· L-1,and the vitality index dropped with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2 + concentration.The root length,plant height and fresh weight was reduced with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+ concentration.The soluble sugar content increased first decreased then with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+ concentration,however the soluble protein content increased first,then and increased finally with the increasing of the Cd2+ concentration,but increased with the Hg2 + concentration and were keeping at high level.The MDA content dropped first increased then after by Cd2+ treatment and incrased after by Hg2+ trteatment.The SOD activity rose first then declined with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+ concentration,while the POD activity rose first,then declined and rose at last with the increasing of the Cd2+ concentration,declined first then rose with the increasing of the Hg2+ concentration.The Cd,Hg content of the above ground and root increased with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+ concentration.In conclusion,the low concentration of Cd2 + and Hg2 + has little effects on seed germination but inhibited the growth of seedlings,higher concentration of Cd2+ and Hg2+ inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth,biochemical changes and increased the Cd,Hg content.This study provides a theoretical basis to elucidate the mechanism of heavy metal stress to seedling growth of Platycodon grandiflorum.

To increase oil accumulation in the high-biomass vegetative organs of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants for renewable production of biofuels, VgDGAT1a isolated from developing seeds of Vernonia galamensis L. was ectopically overexpressed in tobacco leaves using a constitutive promoter. The transgenic tobacco leaves showed a 3.5-5.0-fold increase in oil content compared to the control, with a maximum increase of 9.2% (DW). The transgenic leaves also showed a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with significant enhancement of linoleic acid (18 : 2) and notable reduction of. -linolenic acid (18 : 3). The overexpression of VgDGAT1a exhibited no deleterious effect on other phenotypes in the tobacco plant. These results will facilitate development of a novel system for lipid metabolic engineering in vegetative organs of plants, as well as provide a platform for the production of biofuels using the vegetative organs of commercial non-food crops.

Δ9-硬脂酰-ACP脱氢酶(stearoyl-ACP desaturase,SAD)是控制植物油脂中饱和与不饱和脂肪酸比例的关键酶之一.利用生物信息学在线工具,对油用牡丹-凤丹(Paeonia ostii)Po-SAD的氨基酸序列特征、理化性质、二硫键、磷酸化位点、高级结构进行预测,并利用MEGA6.0构建了不同植物SAD分子进化树.结果表明:Po-SAD蛋白在相对分子量、理论pI与芍药、拟南芥的SAD相近,属于稳定的、可溶性蛋白.二级结构包括α螺旋(40.91％)、延伸串(12.37％)和不规则卷曲(46.72％),Po-SAD含有35个磷酸化位点和6个糖基化位点,亚细胞定位在质体中.进化树分析表明,凤丹Po-SAD与芍药的高度同源且亲缘关系最近.

为探讨聚乙二醇(PEG)浸种对植物种子萌发的影响,以益都红和北京红2个品种辣椒种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸发芽法,研究了不同浓度PEG浸种对辣椒种子萌发 、发芽种子胚根生长 、下胚轴生长及生物量的影响.结果表明,5％ ～25％ 的PEG浸种提高了2个品种辣椒的发芽势,以25％PEG浸种效果最好,但对发芽率影响不大.2个品种辣椒的发芽指数和活力指数增加,以PEG浓度为25％ 效果较好.2个品种辣椒的胚根长和下胚轴长随着PEG浓度的增加而先增加后降低,以PEG浓度为15％ ～25％ 效果较好.益都红辣椒发芽种子的鲜重在PEG浓度为15％ 时增幅最大,北京红的鲜重在PEG为25％ 时增幅最大,2个品种辣椒的干重均在PEG浓度为25％ 时增幅最大,说明一定浓度的PEG浸种能促进辣椒种子萌发及芽的生长.

为探讨外源油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和部分生理特性的影响,选用"良星77"、"济麦22"2个小麦品种为材料,采用营养液水培法,通过对50 mg/L Cd2+处理下小麦幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度(0.001、0.01、0.1、1.0 mg/L)的表油菜素内酯(EBR),研究表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、根系活力、叶绿素含量及渗透调剂物质含量的影响.结果表明,单独Cd2+处理抑制了小麦幼苗生长,使2个品种小麦幼苗的株高、地上部鲜质量和根鲜质量降低,侧根数增加,叶绿素含量基本不变,可溶性糖含量升高,"良星77"的根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量降低,"济麦22"的根系活力不变,可溶性蛋白含量升高.与只喷施蒸馏水的对照相比,叶面喷施0.1 mg/L的EBR可以促进2个品种小麦的株高、地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、根系活力及可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的增加,但EBR不能促进小麦幼苗根数增加,0.100～1.000 mg/L EBR促进良星77小麦幼苗的叶绿素合成,0.001～0.100 mg/L EBR浓度EBR对"济麦22"的叶绿素含量影响不大,1 mg/L的EBR使"济麦22"的叶绿素含量下降.综合分析,Cd2+胁迫下,叶面喷施0.100 mg/L的EBR可通过提高小麦幼苗的渗透调节物质含量和根系活力来减轻重金属Cd2+对幼苗的伤害,促进小麦幼苗生长.

针对高等学校教学改革的需求,结合地方普通高校实际,对《遗传学》教学改革进行了探索.通过优化教学内容,运用适宜教学方法,强化实验教学,引入优质网络教学资源,教学过程中注重培养学生的科研素质,提高了学生的综合素质与创新能力.

Plant oils enriched in ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid (16:1?9) and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1?11), have nutraceutical and industrial value for polyethylene production and biofuels. MucACP-Δ9D gene identified fromMacfadyena unguis-cati was cloned into binary overexpression vector, which was transformed into discs of tobacco byAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method, and obtained transgenic plants overexpressingMucACP-Δ9D gene. Western blotting showed that gene expression was locat-ed in chloroplast. Notablly, the composition of fatty acids in transgenic tobacco leaves lipid was different to wild type, including the content of C16:0 saturated fatty acid decreasing 30%–50%, the ω-7 of C16:1Δ9 and C18:1Δ11 increasing 16.4%–20.4% and 9.0% respectively, and statistical analysis showed that the content of ω-7 was strong negative correlation to the content of C16:0. The content of C18:2 and C18:3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants were reduced signiifcantly, and statistical analysis showed that the content of two polyunsaturated fatty acids was negative correlation to the content of ω-7. All of these data showed that MucACP-Δ9D enzyme desaturated C16:0 to C16:1Δ9 with high acticity, and C16:1Δ9 was elongated to C18:1Δ11. At last, the content of C16:1Δ9 and C18:1Δ11 increased to 25.4%–29.4% totally compared to little in wild type. In addition,MucACP-Δ9Dgene overexpression had no adverse effects on the growth and develop-ment of plants, germination of seeds. The study would provide a new technology system and plant germplasm resources for vegetative tissuse of non-crops with high-biomass as production platform for special fatty acids.

为探讨表油菜素内酯(EBR)对小麦幼苗汞胁迫的调控作用,采用营养液水培法,研究汞胁迫下叶面喷施24-表油菜素内酯对小麦幼苗生长、叶片MDA及H2O2含量、质膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质含量的影响.结果表明,50 mg·L-1汞处理小麦幼苗后,小麦幼苗的株高和干重显著降低,叶片的MDA、H2O2含量和质膜透性增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性下降,AsA、GSH含量降低.与单独汞胁迫相比,叶面喷施一定浓度EBR促进了小麦幼苗的生长,降低了小麦幼苗叶片的MDA和H2O2含量,减小了质膜透性,提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性,增加了抗氧化物质AsA、GSH含量,提高了AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG的比值,以EBR浓度0.01 mg·L-1为宜.综上,外源EBR可缓解汞胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,其机制可能与EBR能提高抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物质含量、降低MDA和H2O2含量有关.本研究结果为降低汞污染土壤对作物生长的毒害作用提供了依据.

MucACP-Delta 9D from cat's claw (Macfadyena unguis-cati) was ectopically overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves to increase the content of omega-7 (omega-7) fatty acids, which have nutraceutical and industrial values for polyethylene and biofuel production. Overexpressed MucACP-Delta 9D localized in the plastid resulted in an increased omega-7 fatty acid (C16:1 Delta 9 and C18:1 Delta 11) content from trace level in the wild type to 25.4-29.7% in the transgenic tobacco leaves. The C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acid content decreased by 30-50%, 24%, and 38.7% in the transgenics compared with the wild type, respectively. This evidences that the ectopically expressed MucACP-Delta 9D enzyme actively converts C16:0 to C16:1 Delta 9. MucACP-Delta 9D overexpression in tobacco had no adverse effects on any agronomic traits, including plant growth, development, or seed germination. The present findings provide an excellent germplasm resource and a new technological path for commercial production of valuable fatty acids, using high-biomass vegetative organs of a non-food crop as platforms.

To investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide( NO) on the growth and physiological characteristics of pepper seedlings under high temperature stress,the changes of the growth and physiological indexes of pepper seedlings under high temperature stress and the mitigation effects of exogenous NO to high temperature stress was studied with"Songyang"pepper in nutrient solution. The results showed,under high temperature stress,the increasing rate of plant height and fresh weight decreased,the content of proline and soluble protein increased,the activity of antioxidant enzyme including SOD and POD increased,the content of MDA increased. A certain concentration of SNP could mitigate the stress of high temperature on seedling growth of pepper. Contrast to the high temperature control group( T0),the increasing rate of plant height and fresh weight increased with 85. 2% and 45. 3%,the content of proline and soluble protein,the activity of SOD and POD increased first and than decreased with the highest number when the concentration of SNP was 100 to 200 μmol·L- 1,the content of proline and soluble protein increased with 53. 8% and30. 0% respectively,the activity of SOD and POD increased with 34. 1% and 54. 4% respectively. The content of MDA decreased first and than increased,with the lowest number when the concentration of SNP was 100 to 200 μmol·L- 1.decreased with 26. 0%. Indicated that NO acted as an important signal molecule,might alleviate lipid peroxidation through activating antioxidant enzyme system and improve the osmotic adjustment substances content to improve the resistance of pepper seedlings to high temperature stress,which provide theoretical basis to clarify the physiological mechanism of exogenous NO mitigate the high temperature stress on pepper seedlings.

To investigate the regulation effects of 6-BA on the resistance of wheat seedlings to Hg2+,wheat cultivar 807 used as experimental material,a nutrient solution-cultured experiment was conducted to study the effects of 6-BA on the osmotic adjustment substance content,the antioxidant enzyme activity and the antioxidants content in wheat seedling leaves under Hg2+stress.The results showed that treated wheat seedlings with 50 mg·L-1 HgCl2,the soluble sugar and soluble protein content decreased,the peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity declinned,the ascorbic acid(AsA)and glutathione(GSH)content decreased in wheat seeding leaves.Compared with Hg2+stress alone,certain concentration of 6-BA sprayed to wheat seedling could improve the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein,increase the activities of POD and SOD,enhance the contents of AsA and GSH,decrease the contents of DHA and GSSG,increase the ratio of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG of wheat seedling leaves.Suggesting that certain concentration of 6-BA could mitigated the harmful effects of Hg2+stress on wheat seedlings,the optimal 6-BA concentration was 10mg·L-1.