2016年从中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所和贵州修文引进16个大樱桃品种,在贵阳地区进行露地栽培试验,对各个品种物候期、植物学特性及经济性状等进行观察和测定.结果表明,美早、丰收100、红灯品种表现较好,适应性强,产量较高,商品性好,可在贵阳及气候相近地区栽培.

近年来,贵州省大樱桃栽培面积迅速扩大,大多为露地栽培,经济产量低.为了明确贵州大樱桃低产原因,调查了贵州大樱桃栽培的基本情况,分析其低产原因,并提出发展对策,以期对贵州大樱桃产业发展起指导作用.

[目的]研究不同授粉液施用后大樱桃的坐果率、品质及产量变化,为贵州地区大樱桃高产优质生产提供参考.[方法]以4年生大樱桃品种曙光2号为试验材料,设置不同授粉液处理(处理1,0.2％KH2PO4+0.2％H3BO3+0.3％白砂糖+2 g花粉液+5 L纯净水+7.5 mL 0.15％高效座果灵;处理2,0.4％KH2PO4+0.4％H3BO3+0.5％白砂糖+2 g花粉液+5 L纯净水+7.5 mL 0.15％高效座果灵;处理3,5 L清水+2 g花粉液;处理4,CK,自然授粉),分析不同处理间大樱桃的坐果率、新梢生长量、果实品质和产量差异.[结果]处理1、2、3、4(CK)的坐果率分别为27.17％、27.16％、19.65％和0.87％,新梢生长量分别为68.33 cm、67.81 cm、67.27 cm和68.60 cm;处理1和处理2果实的内在品质与自然授粉无显著差异;处理1和处理2产量分别为1.347 kg/株和1.278 kg/株,较自然授粉分别提升1.297 kg/株和1.228 kg/株.[结论]人工辅助液体授粉能够显著提高大樱桃的坐果率、果实单果重、纵横径和产量,对新梢生长量无显著影响,液体授粉适宜配比为0.2％KH2PO4+0.2％H3BO3+0.3％白砂糖+2 g花粉液+5 L纯净水+7.5 mL 0.15％高效坐果灵.

[目的]鉴定干旱胁迫响应相关基因及生化代谢途径.[方法]比较分析火龙果品种紫红龙(Hylocereusspp.'Zi-honglong')在正常供水和聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)模拟干旱胁迫(-4.9 MPa)条件下的生理及转录组差异.[结果]干旱胁迫增强了丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性.通过对转录组数据分析,共筛选出432个DEGs,2个比较组中共同表达的DEGs有18个,OS6HvsNS6H比较组特异表达的DEGs有288个,OS3DvsNS3D比较组特异表达的DEGs有126个.这些基因主要参与了信号转导(如植物激素、cGMP-PKG、Ras、磷脂酰肌醇等)、碳水化合物(蔗糖和淀粉、丙酮酸代谢及糖酵解等代谢)、氨基酸(如丙氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸及谷胱甘肽等)代谢、转录和翻译(RNA降解、核糖体及胞吞)、次生代谢(类黄酮、苯丙烷等)及脂质代谢(a-亚麻酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢及角质、木栓质和蜡的生物合成)等.[结论]初步明确了火龙果幼苗响应干旱胁迫的分子机制,干旱胁迫启动了火龙果一系列的信号转导途径,调控下游基因表达,通过碳水化合物的降解和转化、氨基酸代谢及次生代谢等增强了火龙果的渗透调节和解毒能力.

为探明车厘子在南方坐果率低的原因,以14个车厘子品种的花为试材,对其花粉活力及柱头的可授性进行研究.结果表明:花粉染色率达95％以上且柱头可授性强70％以上的品种只有意大利早红,其次花粉染色率在90％以上,柱头可授性强达60％～70％的品种有曙光2、曙光3号、曙光4号.美早花粉染色率达90％以上,但柱头可授性弱,只有57％,龙冠的花粉活力低,但柱头可授性强,达73.9％.

文章分析了贵阳市乌当区下坝樱桃产业现状、优势、存在问题,提出相应的发展对策.

本文鱼腥草的适宜气候、土壤、良种繁育、种植技术、土壤管理、肥水管理、主要病害的防治这七个方面阐述鱼腥草栽培技术.

沼气池的建设和沼肥综合利用,在实现区域可持续发展,保护和改善农业、农村环境,改善农民生产和生活条件,建设农村小康新生活模式,促进美丽乡村的建设中发挥着重要作用.本文主要介绍了乌当区沼气发展现状、综合利用、经济效益和生态效益.

Gongting honey peach is a high quality early repened peach variety bred by Guizhou Horticultural Insitute which was introduced from Hebei Changli Fruit Research Institute,in order to extend this variety,cultivation techniques of Gongting honey peach was presented.

病虫害对桃的产量、质量和商品价值有着重要的影响.为加强桃病虫害防治,介绍了贵州桃产业发展现状,分析了贵州桃病虫害主要种类、危害症状及发生规律,提出了综合防治桃病虫害的对策.

介绍了一种“大蒜间套菜用糯玉米、夏秋大白菜间套甘蓝”一年两季四收高效栽培技术.由于合理进行岔口期安排,选用适宜的优良品种,2次采用科学的间套作方法,改进播种期、定植期及上市期,使作物的产量、产值增加,达到一年两季四收、三次反季节蔬菜的效果,经济效益十分显著.

为探讨油桃品种早红宝石在贵州的适应性,对其在贵州的推广提供科学的依据,在贵阳市、水城县、关岭县、纳雍县4个试验点进行早红宝石与南方金蜜的对比试验,对其生物性状、抗性、产量和质量进行观测分析.结果表明:早红宝石产量明显高于南方金蜜,增产幅度达12.20％.成熟期提前10 d左右,品质、抗性均优于南方金蜜,适宜在贵州省大部分地区推广,但倒春寒严重及频繁发生的地区要慎重.

Fruit cracking in nectarine easily happened.This paper summarize the nectarine cracking rules from different nectarine varieties,different part of tree crowm,different cultivation age,different soil type.The control of fruit cracking in nectarine was suggested.

Introduced the cultivation technique of early maturity pear, which is from several aspects of variety selection, garden-building, soil, fertilizer and water management, diseases and pest control, pruning, thining and bag-taping, and picking. It would provide a reference for pro- duction of early maturity pear in Guizhou.

A comparative test of 13 introduced sweet nectarine varieties was carried out to enrich and optimize the structure of peach varieties in Guizhou province in 2007.The results showed that all the 13 introduced nectarine varieties bored fruits in 2010,the comprehensive characters of early ruby,Zhongyou 4 and southern Jinmi were better for their strong growth vigor,extended tree shape and light fruit cracking degree,the yield per plant could be up to 6.7～8.2 kg and 9.0%～10.4% respectively.

从品种选择、土壤选择与改良、施肥、灌溉、病虫害防治等方面介绍了南方油桃裂果防治技术。

Nine introduced pear varieties all can flower and bear fruits normally in Guiyang.Japan 58 and Luyu varieties have advantages of early maturity,185～210g of average single fruit weight,strong special flavor,good internal quality and good tree vigor with more branches.The average yield per tree with 4 years age of Japan 58 variety is the highest(7.3kg),followed by Luyu(6.5kg).Japan 58 and Luyu varieties should be planted in Guiyang and other areas with the similar ecological condition.

The paper introduces the cultivation technique of late ripening peach from seven aspects of variety selection,soil environment condition,planting method,water,fertilizer and soil management,pruning,insect pest control and flower and fruit management on the basic of its introduction and cultivation for some years to provide a reference for its production.

Taking nectarine variety Zaohongbaoshi as the tested material,this paper studied the effects of applying different fertilizers to the growth and fruiting of young nectarine trees.The results showed that the new-shoot growth of nectarine trees in different fertilizer treatments was all improved as compared with that in the control.Applying potassium sulfate had the best effects to the flowering,fruiting and fruit quality of nectarine trees among different fertilizer treatments,and applying compound fertilizer had a certain effect,while applying nitrogen fertilizer had little effect.

The phenophase,botanic characteristics,economic characters and stress resistance of 9 introduced peach varieties were observed from 2006 to 2009.The results showed that all introduced peach varieties bore fruits in 2009,and there were obvious difference in yield and quality among 9 introduced peach varieties.The growth performance of Baiyu variety is common,opening tree shape,early maturity,fruit-bearing position mainly on middle and short branches,261.5g average single fruit weight,flat fruit tip,good coloring,11.4% soluble solids and strong resistance.The growth performance of Cuimi variety is very strong,cup tree shape,high effective branch rate,fruit-bearing position mainly on middle and long branches,high fruit-setting rate,213.5g average single fruit weight and 12.3% soluble solids.The growth performance of Wanhuangjin variety is strong,opening tree shape,fruit-bearing position mainly on middle and long branches,high fruit-setting rate,213.0g average single fruit weight and 12.4% soluble solids.The growth performance of Dongfengdong variety is very strong,erect tree shape,high effective branch rate and good quality and its high yielding ability should be further observed.