Background: The global transcriptome reprogramming in grapevines in response to powdery mildew remains poorly understood, despite its economic implications, especially the new cultivars. Methods: Thus, this study aimed to elucidate these changes through RNA sequencing in 'Yeniang No. 2' grapevine leaves infected with powdery mildew compared to healthy ones. Results: A total of six samples were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, resulting in 36.85 Gb of clean data. A minimum of 5.89 Gb of clean data was generated for each sample, with at least 92.24% of the clean data attaining a quality score of Q30. Clean reads from each sample were aligned to the designated reference genome. The mapping ratio varied between 88.77% and 89.66%. The high-quality sequencing data revealed 1219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which the infection upregulated 790 and downregulated 429. Functional enrichment analyses revealed a significant activation of key defense-related pathways. These included plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis for creating antimicrobial compounds, glutathione metabolism for reducing oxidative stress, and oxidative phosphorylation for enhanced energy production. This indicates a coordinated, multi-faceted defense strategy. The study also uncovered a complex layer of post-transcriptional regulation, identifying 1883 novel genes and 22,210 alternative splicing events, primarily skipped exons and intron retention. Key hub proteins identified within interaction networks, along with these splicing changes, underscore a sophisticated defense involving transcriptional reprogramming and metabolic shifts. Conclusions: The genes and molecular markers discovered are valuable resources for marker-assisted breeding. Leveraging these findings, particularly hub genes and favorable splice variants, can accelerate the development of new grapevine cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew.

Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. In recent decades, the increasing frequency and intensity of high temperature (HT) events have posed significant challenges to viticulture. However, previous researches have mostly focused on heat-sensitive cultivars response to HT, and were conducted in artificially controlled growth chamber, which limited deep understanding of thermotolerance mechanism of grape. In this study, we conducted physiological and transcriptomic analyses of berries and leaves at different development stages in 'Guipu No.1' (GP, a hybrid of wild V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera, heat tolerant) and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (CS, a cultivar from V. vinifera, heat sensitive) grapevines exposed to natural subtropical HT. Under HT conditions, GP maintained higher total anthocyanins content and photosynthetic capacity compared to CS. Differential expression was observed in genes involved in both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, as well as in structural genes and transcript factors associated with anthocyanins biosynthesis. Notably, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum emerged as a key biological process potentially underlying thermotolerance differences. Based on the above results, we also identified and characterized a class B Heat Shock Factor, HSFB3, which was significantly up-regulated in GP but not in CS under HT. The GP-derived VqHSFB3 and CS-derived VvHSFB3 differed by only one amino acid and exhibited similar transcriptional repression activity. Overexpression of HSFB3 in grapevines indicated that it acts as a negative regulator of thermotolerance. Together, these findings provide new insights into the molecular and physiological basis of grapevine thermotolerance and offer potential targets for breeding heat-tolerant cultivars.

[Objective]In recent years,with the promotion of rain-shelter cultivation and double cropping techniques,grape production in hot zones has achieved off-season and high-efficiency production.However,hot-region grapes face problems such as poor flower bud differentiation,uneven germination,and"flower running",which are the main constraints on stable and high-quality production.This study aims to systematically investigate and evaluate the inflorescence attachment characteristics and development quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi,clarify the adaptability differences among different germplasms in hot zones,and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for variety breeding and production management.[Method]This study investigated and evaluated the germination rate,flower bud rate,shoot formation rate,number of inflorescences per shoot,inflorescence attachment node,inflorescence type and quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi for two consecutive years,covering European,American,and European-American hybrids.It deeply analyzed the quality differences and patterns among different varieties and inflorescence attachment nodes.[Result]Under the treatment of hydrogen cyanamide,all 98 germplasms could germinate and form shoots smoothly,among which 92 varieties could form normal inflorescences.The average germination rate was 90.42％,the shoot formation rate was 92.13％,the flower bud rate was about 61.06％,and the average number of inflorescences per shoot was 1.67.However,abnormal inflorescences were quite prominent,with a total proportion of 40.56％.This study classified abnormal inflorescences into three major types:tendrils type,differentiation cessation type and trophic tissue type.Among them,the tendril type was the most common,further divided into one to five tendril types,and all investigated varieties had two tendrils type inflorescences;the differentiation cessation type included single head type(only scales or death point),tendrils death point type,and branch death point type;the trophic tissue type included branch tendril and leaf tendril types.Shine Muscat showed all abnormal types and were representative materials of high sensitivity.Among the 8 investigated nodes,the inflorescence attachment was most concentrated at the 3rd and 4th nodes,accounting for 27.99％and 27.06％of the total inflorescences,respectively.The abnormal inflorescence rate at the 3rd node was the lowest,only 17.22％.Further population analysis indicated that V vinifera L.×V.labrusca L.had higher flower bud rates(68.60％),more inflorescences per shoot(about 1.8),and higher normal inflorescence rates than V vinifera(flower bud rate 46.59％).Moreover,varieties with high germination rates,flower bud rates,and shoot formation rates had more inflorescences per shoot and significantly lower abnormal inflorescence rates.[Conclusion]The attachment node of inflorescences significantly affects their quality performance.Among them,the middle nodes,especially the 3rd node,had the lowest abnormal inflorescence rate.Therefore,in production,for varieties prone to abnormal inflorescences,it is recommended to prioritize the retention of inflorescences at the 3rd node.Varieties with high germination rates,flower bud rates,and shoot formation rates and more inflorescences per shoot are more likely to obtain normal and high-quality inflorescences.Different grape populations show significant differences in inflorescence development and abnormal occurrence.V vinifera L.×V.labrusca L.perform better in hot zones,with higher flower bud rates and normal inflorescence proportions.They are recommended as the preferred germplasm resources for cultivation in hot zones.

Winter berries accumulated more free volatile compounds than summer berries, and C6 volatile compounds were the main contributors to free volatile compounds. The volatile composition of grapes and wines is important in viticulture, since their aroma is one of the most important determinants of grape fruit quality. The aroma and general quality of grape fruit are influenced by the production of volatile compounds primarily influenced by crop management. In this study, the free and bound volatile compounds were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), along with the transcriptomic analysis using Shine Muscat grape (Vitis labruscana Baily × V. vinifera L.) of summer and winter berries under two-crop-a-year cultivation in Guangxi. The findings demonstrated that phenols, terpenoids, and alcohols were the main bound volatile compounds in fruits from both seasons, whereas aldehydes, terpenoids, and alcohols were the leading free volatile compounds. Free volatile compound concentrations were substantially higher in winter than summer berries, but bound volatile compound concentrations were much lower. Specifically, the concentrations/constitution of free C6 volatile compounds showed a significant difference between the two seasons and highly correlated with the transcription of three genes involved in the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Winter berries had a higher concentration of aldehydes, which might be ascribed to the higher expression of VvLOXA (VIT_06s0004g01510) and VvHPL1 (VIT_12s0059g01060) genes, while the higher concentration of alcohols in summer berries might be due to the higher expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (VvADH1, VIT_18s0001g15410). Furthermore, two VvBGLU genes (VIT_05s0077g01150, VIT_01s0011g00760) were supposed to regulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoside-bound compounds in grapes. Three transcription factors including MYB60, MYBA1, and GATA16 were highly correlated with VvADH1, and they might play an important role in grape C6 alcohol biosynthesis. The findings may help to reveal a transcriptional regulation network of volatile compounds biosynthetic in grapes and to develop efficient cultivation practices.

With the increasing challenges posed by global warming and climate change, heat stress has become a significant threat to the sustainable production of grapevines. However, the genetic basis of grapevine thermotolerance remains poorly understood. Here, we combine genome-wide association study with transcriptomic profiling to identify TTC4 (thermotolerance on chromosome 4), a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor, as a key determinant of thermotolerance in grapevine. TTC4 directly activates two thermotolerance-related genes, HSP18.1 and APX3. We also identify a heat-suppressed repressor SPL13 (SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like 13) that cannot bind to the GTAT element (TTC4T(7631)) in intron 2 of TTC4, but can bind to the natural variant, GTAC (TTC4C(7631)). Grapevine accessions with TTC4C/C(7631) genotype exhibit significantly lower thermotolerance compared to those with the TTC4T/T(7631) and TTC4C/T(7631) genotypes. This fine-tuned regulation contributes to thermotolerance divergence among grapevine populations. The TTC4T(7631) haplotype holds significant potential as a genetic resource for breeding thermotolerant grapevine varieties.

Abstract Background: Aroma components play a crucial role in grape quality formation, and diverse cultivation environments significantly impact grape aroma metabolism. This study aims to explore the differences in aroma metabolism in Shine Muscat grapes under summer and winter growth conditions in Guangxi, utilizing HS-SPME-GC-MS for aroma component measurement at different developmental stages. Omics analysis is combined to elucidate the changes in aroma components. Results: In both summer and winter, the predominant free aroma components of grape fruits were aldehydes, terpenes, and alcohols, while bound aroma components were mainly phenols, alcohols, and terpenes. Winter fruits exhibited significantly higher total free aroma content and monomeric compound content compared to summer. Specifically, the concentration of (E)-2-hexenal was higher in winter fruits, whereas (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol showed the opposite trend. Transcriptome and qPCR results indicated that changes in C6 compounds in Shine Muscat grapes were consistent with VvLOXA, VvHPL1, and VvADH1. The differential expression of VvLOXA or VvADH1 in winter fruit may explain the higher concentration of (E)-2-hexenal or lower content of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol in Shine Muscat grapes during winter. Conclusions: This study reveals significant differences in the aroma metabolism of Shine Muscat grapes between summer and winter seasons, providing a foundation for regulating aroma accumulation through temperature and water control in production.

为探究"夏黑""阳光玫瑰"葡萄在摘心处理后对叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的响应,为这两个葡萄品种的栽培研究提供理论依据,以当年生"夏黑""阳光玫瑰"葡萄单株盆栽苗为试验材料,采用顶芽摘心技术进行改善植株光合效率的试验,以不摘心为对照,测定摘心20～21d后标记叶的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,摘心后,"夏黑""阳光玫瑰"葡萄的净光合速率(Pn)均显著增加,分别比对照增加16.8％、35.7％;气孔导度(Gs)分别比对照增加31.7％、14.2％;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)分别比对照提高8.6％、5.3％;蒸腾速率(Tr)分别比对照提高12.6％、39.8％;摘心后水蒸气压亏缺(VPD)分别比对照降低26.3％、23.6％.摘心有助于提高葡萄叶片的Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr,降低葡萄叶片的VPD.摘心后,两种葡萄叶片的初始荧光(F0)降低,热耗散量子比率(F0/Fm)显著低于对照4.34％、3.66％,而光系统Ⅱ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)分别显著高于对照处理0.93％、0.87％.光合参数Ci、Gs、VPD、Pn、Tr、WUE相互之间存在极显著相关性,叶绿素荧光参数F0、Fm、F0/Fm、Fv/Fm相互存在极显著相关性,但光合参数中只有VPD、Pn、Tr与叶绿素荧光参数显著相关.

针对'阳光玫瑰'葡萄发生老叶、新叶皱缩,叶片边缘褪色坏死的不正常现象,开展了田间调查与室内分析研究.结果表明:发生该症状的葡萄叶柄硼浓度为229.96 mg/kg,显著超过硼中毒标准,判断症状为硼过量导致.高硼浓度对'阳光玫瑰'葡萄的果实性状具有显著的负面影响,表现为果粒纵径、横径及单粒重显著减少,从而使单穗重显著降低.因此,葡萄生产上如需补充硼素营养,应先在检测葡萄叶柄硼含量的基础上科学合理补施,以叶面喷施为主,以防硼过量导致葡萄硼中毒.

为了筛选适宜广西种植的无核葡萄品种,广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所引进紫甜无核葡萄品种开展栽培试验,观察其植物学特性、物候期、生长结果习性、果实品质及抗病性等表现,并研究配套栽培技术.2年的观察结果表明:紫甜无核葡萄品种在广西南宁综合性状表现优良,中熟,7月上旬成熟,果粒大小一致,果粒紫黑色且着色均匀,不裂果,可溶性固形物含量18.00％,果实挂树期长,适合在广西南宁及气候类似地区避雨栽培条件下种植.

以'阳光玫瑰'葡萄为试材,记录试验果园葡萄夏果生长季光照强度与时数,并分析其与气象部门提供的日照时数的差异,测定叶片不同物候期的光饱和点、光补偿点,分析光照时数和强度对净光合速率和产量的影响.结果表明,气象站观测以直射光为主记录的日照时数明显低于果园记录的光照时数,并且未完全包含葡萄可利用光照强度的日照时数.不同物候期的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄叶片光补偿点范围为22.43～49.77μmol·m-2·s-1,叶片光饱和点范围为1 108.07～1 303.01 μmol·m-2·s-1.葡萄产量与光补偿点以上的光照时数的关系更为密切,在光补偿点以上的光照时数1 524.1 h(2018年)和1 579.8 h(2019年)下,产量分别为13 701.9和17 774.9kg·hm-2,且平均可溶性固形物大于17 Brix°.建议在葡萄生产和品质评价中,在掌握品种叶片光饱和点和光补偿点的基础上,综合考虑葡萄生长发育周期中光照时数和光照强度的影响.

以3年生一年两收栽培的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄为试材,通过测定冬果采后第7天不同衰老程度叶片的光合作用参数,并在枝条基部第1至2节间处环割后对不同叶片衰老程度的枝梢进行13C同位素标记,分析冬果采后叶片光合同化物转运能力.结果表明,冬果采后第7天全绿叶片净光合速率为2.33μmol·m-2·s-1,吸收13C总量为17.296 mg,其中枝条13C含量为2.762 mg;半绿叶片净光合速率为0.2μmol·m-2·s-1,吸收13C总量为12.472 mg,其中枝条13C含量为2.330 mg;全黄叶片净光合速率为-2.51μmol·m-2·s-1,吸收13C总量为0.940 mg,其中枝条13C含量为0.112 mg.从以上结果得出,'阳光玫瑰'葡萄冬果采后的全黄叶片光合能力低下,且基本丧失向枝条转运光合同化物的能力,而全绿和半绿叶片仍具有向枝条转运光合同化物的能力.

为了充分利用广西及南方地区的温光资源,引种适合一年两收的无核、红色、具香味的葡萄新品种,本试验引进郑艳无核葡萄新品种在广西南宁种植,观察其植物学特性、物候期、生长结果习性、果实性状及抗病性等表现,并研究其一年两收栽培技术.经过4年的引种观察,郑艳无核葡萄在广西南宁可成功实现一年两收,表现为红色、无核、早熟、果穗中等、不易裂果、着色均匀、有香气、稳产等特点.4年引种观察期间,一茬果每667 m2产量最多为708.14 kg,二茬果每667 m2产量最多为578.02 kg;一茬果可溶性固形物含量最高为22.97％,二茬果可溶性固形物含量最高为23.71％;一茬果在6月中旬至月末果实完全成熟,二茬果在11月底至12月初果实完全成熟.郑艳无核葡萄在广西南宁引种表现优良,适合在广西南宁及气候类似地区在避雨条件下进行一年两收栽培.

为突破贫困地区农村产业发展瓶颈,深入实施脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴战略,发展特色产业,在广西桂东南地区引进种植经济效益较高的"阳光玫瑰"葡萄,采用小拱棚避雨栽培模式,并首次进行一年两收栽培试验示范.结果表明:该品种在桂东南地区种植,当年成形,第二年正常投产,并成功实现一年两收.第一季果产量15 000 kg/hm2以上,第二季果6 000 kg/hm2以上,平均售价20元/kg,效益42万元/hm2以上,比单种一季增收40％,经济效益显著提高,是农民脱贫致富的好产业,具有良好的发展前景.

为明确'阳光玫瑰'葡萄上普遍出现的皱叶、花叶症状是否具有传染性,以及病毒侵染与症状表现间的关系,通过将表现皱叶、花叶症状的'阳光玫瑰'木质化枝段嫁接到脱毒后健康的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄植株上,观察嫁接植株症状表现情况.采用RT-P C R方法对采样植株进行葡萄卷叶伴随病毒1和3、葡萄斑点病毒、葡萄扇叶病毒、沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒、葡萄病毒A、葡萄病毒B和灰比诺葡萄病毒检测.结果表明,皱叶、花叶症状可以通过嫁接途径传播,并且嫁接带有单一病毒的茎段即可引起症状表现,嫁接带有多种病毒的枝段症状表现更为明显.此外还发现,显现症状的植株并未检测出以上8种病毒,推测可能感染了其他病毒.综上,'阳光玫瑰'植株出现的皱叶、花叶症状是病毒所致,且具有传染性.

为了引进适宜广西中、南部区域一年两收种植的萌芽整齐无转色障碍的葡萄新品种,增加广西葡萄品种多样化.在广西南宁引进'瑞都科美'葡萄进行种植,观察其植物学特性、物候期、生长结果习性、果实性状及抗病性等表现,并研究其一年两收栽培技术.经过4年的引种观察,发现'瑞都科美'葡萄在广西南宁成功实现了一年两收,其果实绿色、植株萌芽整齐、早熟、果穗中等、香气浓郁、稳产、抗病性较强.一茬果在7月初完全成熟,可溶性固形物含量最高为18.33％,产量每667 m2最高为1045.47 kg;二茬果在12月底完全成熟,可溶性固形物含量最高为18.61％,产量每667 m2最高为985.55 kg.因此,'瑞都科美'葡萄在南宁引种表现优良,适合在广西南宁及气候类似地区避雨条件下进行一年两收栽培.

Grapevine is a popular cultivated fruit throughout the world and heat stress is one of the most serious threats to viticulture. However, transcriptional responses, such as molecular properties of photosynthesis and abscisic acid biosynthesis, metabolism and signal transduction pathway of grapevine to heat stress, are still poorly understood. In this study, RNA-seq was carried out for thermostabilized grapevine ‘Kyoho’ leaves. Results showed that 685 and 469 genes were commonly down-regulated and up-regulated at three sampling time-points. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis was significantly enriched in up-regulated DEGs at 1 hpt and down-regulated DEGs at R24 hpt. Heat stress impaired the photosynthetic capacity of grapevine leaves, and there was a significant positive relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at short-term post-heat stress treatment, but the inhibition of HS on Pn was non-stomata limitation for a longer period. Photosystem (PS)Ⅱ was more sensitive to heat stress than PSⅠ, and PsbP, as well as Psb28, played important roles in response to heat stress. The abscisic acid (ABA) content in heat-stress-treated Kyoho plants was higher than that in the control at 1 hpt, but less in heat-stress-treated plants at 4 and R24 hpt, which was regulated by numerous genes involved in the ABA biosynthesis and catabolism pathways. These results help to understand the influence of heat stress on photosynthesis and ABA biosynthesis, metabolism and signal transduction pathway.

为丰富广西葡萄栽培品种及调整产业结构,广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所引进了早熟葡萄品种春光、宝光,开展一年两收引种栽培试验,观察其在广西南宁地区的栽培性状、分析果实品质.结果表明:春光、宝光葡萄在广西南宁综合性状表现优良,为早熟品种,适合开展一年两收栽培,可进一步推广利用.

【Objective】3-year-old Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation was used as the material to investigate the differences of physical and chemical indexes of basic quality, flavonoid components and contents between summer grape and winter grape, which would provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation.【Method】The climatic data, such as the sunshine duration, light intensity, temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period of Shine Muscat grape, were recorded. The physical and chemical indexes of basic quality in berries of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat were determined at the young fruit stage, expansion stage, softening stage, beginning maturity stage, and maturity stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the components and contents of flavonols and flavanols in the peel of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat grape were detected by LC-MS/MS.【Result】In terms of the climate factors, the summer grape of Shine Muscat displayed weak illumination and low temperature at early growth stage but strong illumination and high temperature at late growth stage of the whole developing period, while the winter grape was opposite. The average sunshine duration, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature in the growth period of summer grape were higher than those of winter grape, but the rainfall was lower than that of winter grape. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer grape was higher than that of winter grape from the beginning of maturity stage to maturity stage. In terms of the basic quality, the content of soluble solid of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape at maturity stage, and the peel thickness of summer grape was significantly lower than that of winter grape. There was no significant difference in the single berry weight, fruit equatorial and longitudinal diameter and titratable acid content between summer and winter grape. In terms of the components and contents of flavonols, the content of total flavonols in peels of summer and winter grape showed a downward trend during the fruit developing stage. The content of total flavonols in different periods of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape. The main flavonol in summer grape was quercetin-3-O-glucoside, while the main flavonol in winter grape was kaempferol-3-O-galactoside. In terms of the components and contents of flavanols, the content of total flavanols in summer and winter grape also showed a downward trend. The eight identical flavanols were detected in the peels of both summer and winter grape, and the main flavanols were catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The contents of total flavanols, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1 in summer grape were significantly lower than those in winter grape during fruit development. The contents of gallic catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin B2 at fruit maturation stage of summer grape were significantly higher than those of winter grape. The principal component analysis showed that there were differences in flavonols between summer and winter fruits. The regression analysis showed that catechin, quercetin-3-O-Glucoside and procyanidin B1 were the main components for distinguishing the flavonoids from summer and winter grapes.【Conclusion】In the study conducting year, the quality of summer grape of Shine Muscat was better than that of winter grape. During the whole grape developing stage, the content of total flavonols in summer grape was significantly higher than that in winter grape, while the content of total flavanols in summer grape was significantly lower than that in winter grape. The main components of flavonols were different between summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat, while the main components of flavanols were the same, namely catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The content of the main components of flavanols in winter grapes was significantly higher than that in summer grape, which might probably explained why the astringency taste of winter grape was stronger than that of summer grape. The differences in light and temperature during the growth period may be an important factor that caused the difference in the components and contents of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat.

热区高温高湿的环境条件,使葡萄栽培中病虫害的发生更加严重.本文通过分析我国热区葡萄栽培面积较大的广西、云南产区的气候特征及不同栽培模式下病虫害危害特点,重点对危害较严重的霜霉病、白粉病、灰霉病、炭疽病、穗轴褐枯病、白腐病6种葡萄病害,及蓟马、红蜘蛛、斜纹夜蛾、根瘤蚜、蚧壳虫5种虫害的危害程度、发生规律以及相应的绿色防控措施进行了综述.同时,针对热区葡萄栽培存在的小气候环境多样、病虫害发生规律复杂多变的特点,提出树立绿色发展的防控理念、积极开展病虫害预报监测、构建绿色防控体系的观点,并提出相应的绿色防控措施和建议,为热区葡萄提质增效提供参考.

[目的]分析一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄夏果和冬果的香气成分,为提高该品种的芳香品质及促进其一年两收栽培技术的发展提供理论依据.[方法]以8年生一年两收栽培的夏黑葡萄为试验材料,于始转色期、成熟期和成熟后期采集夏果和冬果.采用HS-SPME-GC-MS方法,分别对夏果和冬果3个时期的香气成分进行定性定量分析,并监控不同发育期持续天数、气象指标和浆果理化指标的变化.[结果]一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄从萌芽到成熟过程中,夏果的每日气温逐渐上升,而冬果的每日气温逐渐降低,冬果较夏果转色期更早,成熟期持续的时间更长.成熟期冬果可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均高于夏果;夏果和冬果于始转色期、成熟期和成熟后期分别检测到48、51、47种和52、56、56种香气成分,包括醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类、萜烯类和酸类.冬果3个时期的香气成分总含量分别为472.83、1020.27和836.43μg/L,均显著高于夏果的459.39、638.57和659.20μg/L(P<0.05,下同).成熟期夏黑葡萄中香气成分含量最高的是醛类化合物,其次是醇类化合物,夏果和冬果中醛类化合物含量分别为446.34和600.18μg/L,醇类化合物含量分别为120.21和163.44μg/L.成熟期夏黑葡萄中单体类香气成分以C6化合物为主,其中含量最高的是青草及苹果香味的己醛,其后依次是草本香和果香型的2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛和己醇,冬果中上述单体类化合物的含量均显著高于夏果.成熟期夏果和冬果中最具代表性的8个差异香气化合物为2-己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、香茅醇、苯乙醇、橙花醇、(Z)-3-己烯醛、香叶醇和辛酸乙酯,冬果中上述差异化合物的含量均显著高于夏果.通过对气候条件的分析,与夏果相比,夏黑葡萄冬果生长季后期冷凉的环境和更为干燥的气候是其香气成分含量显著高于夏果的主要原因.[结论]一年两收栽培模式下两季葡萄果实香气成分组成和含量的差异是气象因子综合作用的结果,冬果生长季的气候条件更有利于葡萄芳香品质的提高.