SnO2 is widely used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to its high electron mobility,suitable conduction band and low-temperature preparation characteristics.Currently,the two most commonly used methods for preparing SnO2 are SnCl2 hydrolysis oxidation or SnO2 sol-gel preparation.However,although SnCl2 hydrolysis oxidation can produce well-crystallized SnO2,its controllability is poor,resulting in low device performance repeat-ability.On the other hand,the devices based on SnO2 electronic transport layer prepared by the sol-gel method have good repeatability,but usually have poor crystallinity,leading to a decrease in electron transport performance.In this study,a combination of hydrolysis oxidation and sol-gel methods was used to prepare SnO2 electronic transport layers.The results of the study demonstrate that using SnCl2 hydrolysis oxidation to prepare high-quality SnO2 crystalline layers can serve as a pre-growth template to improve the crystalline quality of sol-gel generated SnO2.Additionally,covering the hydrolysis oxidation-based SnO2 layer with sol-gel prepared SnO2 crystalline layer can improves the repeatability of device preparation.The electron transport layers prepared by this method can effectively enhance the quality of thin film crystal growth and charge extraction capability,ultimately contributing to improving the efficiency,stability,and reducing hysteresis of the devices.

探索绿色发展、解决能源危机已成为近年来商业发展的趋势.金属卤化物钙钛矿因其独特的光催化性能而备受关注.其中,CsPbBr3钙钛矿具有较高的光催化活性和优异的稳定性,在光催化CO2还原方面发展迅速.在能源发展趋势下,减少碳排放和催化还原CO2作为燃料是研究热点和主要途径.然而,纯CsPbBr3较差的CO2吸附还原能力、严重的电荷复合和较低的电荷效率严重阻碍了钙钛矿光催化的商业化.为了解决纯CsPbBr3材料光催化中的一系列问题,对CsPbBr3钙钛矿进行表面改性或构建多组分复合材料是目前最经济、最有前景的解决方案.本文讨论了CsPbBr3钙钛矿的光催化反应原理及所面临稳定性和还原能力的阻碍,对CsPbBr3钙钛矿及其复合物的光催化CO2还原研究进行了系统的回顾.最后对构建更加稳定、高效及可持续性的CO2还原光催化剂新的探索方向进行了展望.

文章基于小型太阳能反应器建立了甲烷水蒸气重整的热化学反应数学模型,采用该模型计算得到了甲烷水蒸气重整制氢过程中不同工况参数(孔隙率、气体入口速度、辐照度、反应器压力)对甲烷转化率、氢气产率以及温度分布的影响规律.研究结果表明:沿反应器中心线方向,甲烷的摩尔分数不断降低,氢气的摩尔分数逐渐升高;混合气体最终的摩尔分数及多孔区域最终的温度趋于稳定;甲烷转化率及氢气产率均随着辐照度与孔隙率的增加而增加,随着压力与气体入口速度的增加而降低.

针对空地导弹末制导段终端角约束问题,根据滑模控制理论,设计了加速度控制指令垂直于弹目视线方向的制导规律.从建立末制导过程中导弹和目标间的动力学方程入手,推导出以视线角和视线角速度为状态量的状态方程,构建了一个滑模面,在这个滑模面上弹目视线角和期望的终端角之差与弹目视线角速度为零.又引入Lyapunov函数驱动系统达到所设计的滑模面,综上推导出控制加速度的表达形式.该导引律在满足终端角要求的同时,能进一步增大导弹击顶速度.最后,在MATLAB环境下构建了几种仿真场景,仿真结果表明该制导律的有效性.

Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowutzitane(TADBIW) was the debenzylation compound of hydrogenolysis of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane(HBIW).Triacetyltribenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane(TATBIW) was the partial debenzylation compound of hydrogenolysis of HBIW.The influence of TATBIW on the hydrogenolysis of TADBIW were studied.Results show that TATBIW is less stable than TADBIW and easily decomposes in formic acid,and its by-products inhibit the hydrogenolysis of TATBIW.The amount of catalyst is increased to 1%,the final product triacetyltriformylhexaazaisowurtzitane(TATFIW) is obtained.