风切变严重威胁飞行安全,已被中国民用航空局(以下简称"民航局")列入运行品质监控重点工作,研究其风险度量和控制策略具有重要意义.结合中国民航科学技术研究院的风切变快速存取记录器(QAR)数据,使用层次分析法(AHP)对风险因素进行多维度分析,用"修正数据"修正风险指标,用"测试数据"验证有效性.结果表明,风险权重主要集中于高度损失和季节.分析高风险因素原因并提出风控策略.
The instrument landing system（hereinafter referred to as "ILS"） is one of the most important ground-based navigation equipment. It provides lateral and vertical guidance for approaching and landing aircraft, allowing them to descend smoothly along a virtual channel until they touch down safely. The GP of ILS provides vertical guidance to effectively control the altitude of the aircraft approaching and landing, avoid the occurrence of scratching obstacles or landing with high descent rate,so its role is more prominent. In practice, there are many external factors that affect the GP structure. During the regular flight calibration process at Guanghan Airport, the crew found that Zone I in the GP structure was severely fluctuating. After analysis, the cause was radio interference in the intermediate approach segment.
风切变是民航局重点监控的红色不安全事件,了解风切变事件的分布特性有助于行业更有效地开展飞行运行品质监控.通过对近两年触发风切变告警的航班QAR数据进行采集分析,从告警高度上,发现 80%以上RWS风切变发生于 200 ft以下的低空.从告警事件的飞行阶段分布上,65%以上发生于进近着陆阶段且以RWS类型为主,起飞爬升阶段不到35%且以PWS类型为主.起飞爬升、进近着陆阶段告警事件分布存在的显著差异性与不同飞行阶段飞机重量、空速、俯仰姿态差异以及气象雷达的俯仰扫描模式设置有关.
