我国天气情况比较复杂,容易对电网安全尤其是高压输电线路产生不利影响,其中,覆冰的影响最为突出.本文分析了高压输电线路积冰的5种形态:雨凇、雾凇、湿雪、混合积冰和霜,得出某地区高压输电线路积冰种类主要以雾凇为主,极值在3月份最多的结论.某地区高压输电线路积冰最大厚度一般在21～66mm,大多在30～45mm,雾凇、湿雪的分布特征均为山区多于平原,湿区多于干区等特性.

High-voltage line ice covering is not only related to the stable operation of the power grid, but also affects people's normal life and the operation of industrial and mining enterprises. At present, some exploration and research on the anti-ice melting technology of transmission lines have been carried out in foreign countries, and some research results have been applied to the process of transmission line melting, and the effect is also ideal after practice. However, due to the incomplete insulation of the overhead ground wire, when the ice is serious, the measures cannot be taken, resulting in the damage of the tower and the shutdown of the line. For this reason, the common ice melting methods are compared according to the ice melting mechanism. Three kinds of ground wire ice melting schemes are proposed, namely, ground wire series loop mode, ground wire parallel mode and long line section mode, to improve the overall ice melting capacity and range of high voltage transmission lines, and further improve the reliability of transmission lines.

输电线路覆冰作为电网建设和运行需要长期面对的自然灾害之一,目前还存有许多重要问题需要解决,如输电线路覆冰的防控措施.本文针对常见输电线路覆冰类型提出相应的防护措施,希望为电网的运行安全提供保证.