The work briefly outlines the main provisions of Solow's neoclassical theory of economic growth, Keynes's teachings on state regulation of the economy in crisis situations, and Schumpeter-Kondratieff's innovation-cyclical theory of socio-economic development, which explains long cycles lasting 30-50 years. Taken together, these three theories make it possible to build effective long-term socio-economic policies that can ensure sustainable development. The work centers on a critical analysis of empirical research since the pioneering work of Kaldor (1961). Empirical (stylized) facts accompanying the process of long-term economic growth played an important role in assessing the quality and consistency of theories of growth and development in the industrial era. In particular, they confirmed the main theoretical positions and conclusions of Solow's neoclassical growth theory and contributed to its widespread dissemination. As a result, the authors have selected seven stylized facts suitable for assessing and selecting models of long-term economic development in the digital era. The principles of socio-economic policy capable of ensuring sustainable development during the 6th long economic cycle/Kondratieff wave period (the 2020s to the 2050s) are outlined.

В статье показано, что предстоящее десятилетие (2025–2035 гг.) будет крайне нестабильным и разбалансированным периодом мирового развития, обусловленным сверхдолгосрочным циклическим цивилизационным кризисом, вызванным противостоянием восходящих цивилизаций Востока и нисходящих цивилизаций Запада, а также сменой больших кондратьевских циклов мирового экономического развития, порождающей борьбу за раздел вновь формирующихся рынков сбыта инновационных товаров и услуг. Мир будет переживать турбулентное десятилетие, наполненное локальными и региональными конфликтами и войнами. Самая главная задача прогрессивных сил в лице авангардных стран развивающегося мира – не допустить третьей мировой войны, вывести человечество из нынешнего кризиса и перевести его на траекторию устойчивого развития. Считается, что эта задача под силу межцивилизационному объединению БРИКС+, главной целью которого является формирование равноправного и рационального устойчивого многополярного мироустройства со справедливой системой глобального управления. Авторы предлагают ускорить этот процесс путем развития и расширения БРИКС+ на основе платформенной модели с использованием цифровых инструментов и сервисов для оперативного выполнения базовых транзакций между странами-членами с наименьшими издержками. Изложено обоснование необходимости перехода к устойчивому многополярному мироустройству. Показано, что предстоящий саммит БРИКС10 в Казани (октябрь 2024 г.) под председательством России может дать мощный импульс, необходимый для дальнейшего ускоренного развития и расширения БРИКС+.

The global energy transition is an uneven process, fundamentally related to the level of economic development of countries and their access to energy resources (renewable and non-renewable) to a large extent. The global climate is interconnected, and all nations impact it through their products and services. The six countries discussed—China, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Russia, and India—account for 44.8% of global primary energy consumption and 49% of global CO2 emissions. Each of them has its own strategy for achieving carbon neutrality, based on different decarbonization scenarios, which, according to the authors, depend on geopolitical factors, national economy characteristics, and the established pragmatic goals and objectives. However, the “green agenda” itself may not always be among the top priorities when formulating energy strategies. The study objective is to analyze the feasibility of the stated goals in these countries using a combined logistic curve-based forecasting tool for predicting solar and wind production as well as investment volumes. It aims to justify the relation between solar and wind energy production and investment policies using a calculated technological coefficient. Results show similar, but time-shifted fluctuating investment dynamics in solar and wind energy trends in Japan, Germany and China, with Germany and Japan outperforming investment forecasts when considering the technology efficiency coefficient. Furthermore, the findings highlight the overwhelming appreciation of the unevenness of the green transition process, which will consequently make it impossible to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement until 2050. Taking these factors into consideration, exploratory decarbonization scenarios for these six major world economies alongside two dimensions, namely, the pace of green transition versus green technology and versus resources, are presented.

The purpose of this article is to examine the reasons of Russia's lag in technology, and outline the ways to promote the transfer of research into practice in the field of economic and industrial management. We also try to draw possible scenarios for the technological development of the country. Given the current geopolitical situation, the issues of strong science base and production capabilities are of primary concern for Russia, in order to fill the gap in technology and enhance economic stability in the long run. The technological sovereignty of the country, with regard to critical technologies and end -to -end technologies, is one of crucial factors for economic resilience and sustainable development. Promoting specific science and technology projects is suggested, in line with emerging institutional framework for technological development. We argue that currently institutional support for technological development might be provided in two ways: (1) technology transfer from friendly countries, and (2) reliance on domestic basic and applied scientific research as a driver for technological advance. We suppose that such an approach would be favorable for making Russia's economy more sustainable and technologically sovereign in the long run.

Аталган макалада Кыргызстандын миграциялык саясаты улуттук диаспораларды сактоого, республиканын эмгек ресурстарын сарамжалдуу пайдаланууга багытталгандыгы туурасында айтылат. Этномиграциялык саясат стратегиясындагы борбордук звено болуп улуттук диаспораларга колдоо көрсөтүү жана сактоо боюнча комплектсүү иш-чараларды иштеп чыгуу жана жүзөгө ашыруу (баарынан мурда орус, украин ж.б.) эсептелет. Адамдын укугун анын улутуна карабастан коргоону камсыз кылып, кадр саясатынын жүзөгө ашыруудагы басымды алмаштырып, улуттан тышкаркы кадр саясатын жүргүзүү үчүн негиздерди иштеп чыгуу керек. Республиканын бардык негизги улуттарынын – биринчи кезек орус тилдериндеги билим берүүчүлүк программаларды сактоо чон мааниге ээ. Мамлекет коомдун жашоосунун бардык чөйрөсүндөгү орус тилинин ролуна ар тараптан колдоо көрсөтүүсү абзел.

Aim. Analyze three options for the development and construction of the Eurasian space (Russian, Chinese and Turkic) and identify the advantages and risks associated with both the expansion of integration processes and external influence on states that are members of coalitions of the nonWestern world.Tasks. To trace the evolution of supranational structural formations in the Eurasian space after the collapse of the Soviet Union and their appearance in declarations, agreements and other legal documents, starting with statements about “the formation and development of a common economic space, pan-European and Eurasian markets”.To identify the characteristic features of globalization of all spheres of human existence, which has given rise to the need to understand the “landscape of global risks”, “global existential catastrophe” as an event leading “to the end of the existence of our descendants”, which together determined the transition to the formation of nation states, geopolitical and geo-economic coalitions in the Greater Eurasia space (“Central Asian Five”, EEAS, SCO, CSTO, UTC).Results. The concept of three main projects for the construction of Greater Eurasia is substantiated: Russian, based on the revival of the Eurasian ideology of N. S. Trubetskoy, P. N. Savitsky and G. V. Vernadsky; the Chinese “Belt and Road”, aimed at transforming the idea of the Great Silk Road into a Community of a Common Destiny for Humanity; Turkic, claiming to recreate the Turkic civilization with the goal of “bringing world civilizations closer together” on the Eurasian continent.The author’s position is argued regarding the need to ensure coplanarity and unidirectionality of the three vectors of implementation of Eurasian projects with the consistency of political decisions and actions of the three poles of power in the Greater Eurasian space — Russia, China and Turkey.Conclusions. Currently, the coordination of political decisions and actions of the three poles of power in the Greater Eurasian space, taking into account the principles of convergence of national interests in interstate unions, global geopolitical processes of multi-agent interaction and global security strategy in a polycentric world, is becoming relevant.

he work describes the process of formation of the inter-civilizational association BRICS and its transition to a new stage of development in connection with the expansion to BRICS 11 at the 15th summit in Johannesburg (South Africa, August 2023). The association is expected to expand further by admitting a second wave of states that are waiting for their turn. BRICS+ is now becoming the basis of a new, successfully emerging, equitable multipolar world order, which is becoming a real alternative to the short-lived unipolar world order with the US hegemony, supported by the G7 countries. Today, the BRICS association has already reached parity with the G7. But in the future, the balance of power will increasingly shift in favor of BRICS+. It is shown that BRICS+ will have sufficient technological sovereignty, a dominant supply of natural resources and financial institutions to allow a sustainable association to develop successfully in a world currently divided on a bloc basis. For the purpose of long-term modeling and forecasting of the economic development of the vanguard countries that are members of the BRICS+ and G7 associations, new models that adequately describe demographic dynamics and total factor productivity (TFP) have been selected, adapted, and partially developed. It is shown that a production function (PF) consisting of the above-mentioned two factors – demography and TFP – is sufficient for forecasting long-term economic growth. All models are verified using actual data on these factors for the period fr om 1950 to 2020 and show high approximation accuracy. The proposed models were used to calculate the projected trajectories of demographic dynamics, technological progress and economic growth of the BRICS+ and G7 vanguard countries. Their comparative analysis has been carried out, showing that in the context of the current geo-economic fragmentation of the world, the BRICS+ countries are able to develop autonomously and sustainably at a rapid pace and become the locomotive of world development, ensuring the sustainable development of the countries of the Global South. It is shown that by the middle of the twenty-first century, the share of the BRICS+ countries in the world economy is expected to reach 80 % and they will be home to about 2/3 of the world's population.

The sharp change in the geopolitical situation after the start of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine is already affecting the global energy markets. The gradual phasing out of Russian energy carriers announced by European countries puts on the agenda not only new energy routes but also new alternative energy sources. Most likely, it should be expected that the Glasgow Climate Pact will not be implemented, and the phase-out of coal as the most environmentally destructive fossil fuel will be delayed for many years. The impossibility of quickly abandoning fossil fuels, primarily coal and oil, has already become one of the reasons for the search for new energy sources with a neutral or low carbon footprint. Energy based on renewable sources such as the wind and the sun, although it has developed rapidly in the last 30 years, has not yet become a serious alternative to traditional energy based on oil, coal, and gas. This largely explains the increased interest in hydrogen as an energy source. However, there are still significant barriers to the development of hydrogen energy, primarily technological and economic. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main barriers to the use of hydrogen as a competitive source of major fossil fuels.

This concluding chapter provides summary of main ideas expressed in the previous chapters of the present report to the Club of Rome, which are: (1) population growth has ceased to be the main cause of many other global problems; the issue has shifted to other dimensions and requires optimization of demographic processes, rather than general limitation of population growth; (2) modern political system is obviously in a transitional period to a fundamentally new condition based on new principles, that will allow to overcome major contradictions between countries and regions and find new solutions to global problems; (3) the problem of resource depletion could be to a very considerable extent solved through the development and diffusion of fundamentally new technologies, through the movement toward resource and energy saving in the framework of the ongoing Cybernetic Revolution, which is associated with the saving of resources and labor; (4) aging of the global population now becomes one of the most important issues of the world development and requires special attention to minimize the emergent problems and at the same time utilizing advantages of increasing life expectancy; (5) the problem of inequality both within countries and between them requires a stronger social policy and a general restructuring of socio-economic relations in combination with measures preserving the potential for economic growth; (6) technological progress together with global aging will lead societies to a new societal type – cybernetic W-society, characterized by its reliance on AI-based smart (cybernetic) technologies and self-regulating systems, as well as the institutionalization of age differences; (7) a transition to a new global socio-economic system (“world-organism”) is expected, from the modern system, from competing states to a more coordinated global management, and, in the long term, to a closer association based on cooperative principles and aimed at solving common problems, a move to a more solidary society; (8) the inevitable transformation of the current social system requires critical reflection on the previous experience, taking into account the best achievements of the past, which could be realized with the help of media. Thus, generally speaking, this report’s key message is that the time of historical bifurcations is coming, and we need to prepare for it to make the future more beneficial to us and humanity as a whole.

The chapter is devoted to the analysis of climate change issues and the transition to renewable energy sources. The features of the current climate situation are associated with a general increase in the average global temperature as a result of an extremely high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, the amount of which is increasing and posing a threat to the stability of the global ecological system as a whole. Taking into consideration the fact that the main share of CO2 emissions is accounted for by energy consumption (which experienced over the entire timeline of history transitions from one type of energy resources to another—from biomass to coal, from coal to oil, and from oil to natural gas), Akaev and Davydova analyze the possibilities of transitioning to renewable energy sources (RES) forecasted to take place by the second half of the twenty-first century. They carry out mathematical modeling of this transition with various scenarios for the future of the fuel and energy balance in the twenty-first century. For this, Akaev and Davydova have developed a specialized mathematical model that takes into account current trends in energy consumption based on the data from the largest energy companies and international organizations in the energy sector, such as BP, Equinor, Shell, International Energy Agency (IEA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and others. Three scenarios for the increase in the average global temperature of the surface atmosphere in the twenty-first century are proposed: the conservative scenario, the ambitious scenario, and the Net Zero scenario. The conservative scenario assumes that government policies, technologies, and social preferences continue to evolve in the same way as in the recent past. The ambitious scenario envisages the introduction of measures leading to a significant reduction in carbon emissions from energy use, which in turn makes it possible to limit the increase in global temperature in the twenty-first century. The Net Zero scenario, which the authors consider the optimal one, assumes that the measures proposed in the ambitious scenario are complemented and reinforced by significant changes in the behavior and preferences of society. The chapter details modern energy-efficient technologies and methods of using renewable energy sources, the implementation of which is envisaged in the framework of the optimal Net Zero scenario.

In an unstable economic climate, all market participants want to know is when is the timing to overcome a recession, and what measures and means to use for economic recovery. In this regard, the process through which the Eurozone economy has gained momentum since the summer of 2022 has been a volatile one. This was reflected in a sharp rise in the price level, followed by a sharp rise in the ECB interest rates. The purpose of this paper is to provide short-term forecasts of the main parameters of monetary and fiscal policy by the euro area monetary authorities, based on a model developed by the authors. The distinctive feature of the presented and proposed model lies in the particularly careful selection of the parameter values based on actual statistical data. The statistics used for the proposed model cover the period from 2015 to December 2022. The simulation results show that the European Central Bank (ECB) needs to maintain a policy of high interest rates for a period of 12 to 14 months, which will help to bring inflation down to 2–3 percent in the future and move to a stage and phase of sustainable economic growth.

In this introductory chapter, Sadovnichy et al. offer a preliminary analysis of the previous reports to the Club of Rome. This report is the result of more than 10 years of work on modeling and forecasting world dynamics and it reflects the views of Russian scientists on the future of global development. The main goals of the book are to do a preliminary work on the following tasks: (1) To give an analysis of changes through which the World System has come to its present state, based on an integrated approach (that incorporates the world-systems, historical and evolutionary approaches), on mathematical modeling, as well as on a systematic view of society, in which changes in one subsystem cause transformations in others; (2) To define the main vectors of transformations of the World System; (3) To make a detailed forecast of the development of all the main subsystems of society and the World System, while presenting three or four horizons of changes (from short-term to ultra-long-term up to a hundred years); (4) To present different development scenarios and make recommendations on how to switch to the most favorable development scenario. Since the publication in 1972 of the first report “The Limits to Growth” (by Donella and Dennis Meadows, Jorgen Randers and William Behrens III), which first drew attention of the world community to the problem of limitations to the possibilities of a secure world development, the views of the Club of Rome experts on the factors that negatively affect the dynamics and nature of global development have significantly evolved. If in 1972 they spoke about the exponential growth of the world population as the main factor in depletion of natural resources, then in later reports, amid stabilization of global demographic growth, this problem started to be explained by the imperfection of the capitalist economy and the inability of modern states to make decisions on self-limitation in favor of long-term results. This introductory chapter analyzes the evolution of views of the Club of Rome experts that was influenced by noticeable transformations taking place in the world, which determines the need for careful reflection and work on forecasts for future development. So, during the past 50 years, both the concept and understanding of these limits have significantly changed. Sadovnichy et al. believe that, at present, the evolution of the World System has reached a new critical milestone. The World System and humanity as a whole are currently moving into a fundamentally new phase of historical development when the old economic and social technologies no longer work as efficiently as before or even begin to function counterproductively, which leads the World System into a systemic crisis. There is a transition of human society to a new phase, the shape of which has not yet been determined. Therefore, Sadovnichy et al. insist that new approaches are needed both to the analysis of the global situation and to forecasts. The title of this report to the Club of Rome, “Reconsidering the Limits”, certainly echoes the famous “The Limits to Growth”. We would like to state clearly that our title should not give a misleading impression of where the thinking of the Club of Rome is today, especially in connection to the 50th anniversary of the famous report. What is more, we entirely recognize the presence of objective limits to growth. However, these limits are different in different periods, and besides the borders of limits are not frozen. So they might be expanded significantly as a result of special planning and efforts. In some respect, our report can be regarded as preliminary research attempting to understand how we can expand the limits in the future. This is no coincidence, as 2022 marked the fiftieth anniversary of this report, which continues to influence minds. However, in this report, the concept of limits is understood more broadly than usual, implying situations when such limits become less important. This introductory chapter spells out the methodological assumptions of the report. Particular attention is paid to the point that the changes taking place in the world are fundamental and long-term; therefore, they should be considered in a broad historical context (and not just as a continuation of the trends of the twentieth century). Special attention is paid to the explicit consideration of social and political factors and their influence on other factors, which makes it possible to consider the adaptability of the social system to external changes (sociopolitical factors are considered as key to ensuring adaptability). Attention is drawn to the adaptability of the social system to external changes, which is why the study is also aimed at modeling the basic processes of interaction between various spheres of life at the respective phases of historical development. The chapter ends with a description of how the present volume is organized.

This chapter outlines a methodological approach, on the basis of which the report further analyzes the processes that have been taking place in the world in recent decades. Sadovnichy et al. call this approach macrohistorical. It is based on the notion that the ongoing processes are considered in a broad historical context, covering hundreds and thousands of years. Sadovnichy et al. consider it necessary to avoid “historical myopia” and subjectivity in the interpretation of current events, to identify historical patterns of what is happening and to try to look into the future with an unbiased view. Sadovnichy et al. emphasize the need for a comprehensive analysis that takes into account not only the long-term historical trends, but also the interaction of all important factors, driving forces, and spheres (ecology, climate, technology, demography, economy, sociosphere, politics, ideology, culture, etc.) that affect macrohistorical development and try to identify specific influences of each of them in a certain period. It is necessary to take into account macrohistorical and evolutional paradigms, patterns, and trends. Though no factors can be considered absolutely dominant, some spheres can be regarded as more significant with respect to their influence; therefore, changes within them are more likely to affect other spheres rather than the other way around. In this respect, within the framework of this approach, an important role in the history of humankind is played by technological development, which does not occur evenly, but in spurts (taking the form of “technological revolutions”). The introduction of new technologies entails serious economic changes, expressed, in particular, in labor and land productivity growth, and in expansion of the resource base. This, in turn, contributes to population growth. The latter, and especially the increase in population density, makes inevitable changes in the social structure of society, and, consequently, changes in the political sphere. At the same time, economic activity simultaneously affects the external environment (ecology), and that, in turn, can affect nature and climate. The purpose of the macrohistorical approach is to link all these mutual influences into a single picture; its analysis makes it possible to understand the processes taking place in the world and the prospects for their further development. The importance of the historical approach to the analysis of the present and the future means that we should look at the current situation within the framework of not just historical but macrohistorical development. The chapter presents some of the results of such analysis.

Sadovnichy et al. present this chapter as an introductory one to the Mathematical Part which consists of nine chapters, including the present one. In the present chapter, Sadovnichy et al. explain the design of the Mathematical Part, which mathematical apparatus is used, how the chapters and conclusions of this part are connected with those in the previous chapters of the present report, etc. Sadovnichy et al. also show what this Mathematical Part is about, why it is needed, how it is organized, and so on. The Mathematical Part of the present Report to the Russian Association of the Club of Rome mostly presents results of mathematical modeling of various aspects of historical, present, and future reality and forecasts, but it also includes important verbal qualitative sections. Its necessity is dictated by the fact that, although in the previous parts of the present report, Sadovnichy et al. have realized most of its goals, however, in order for its conclusions to become more convincing and scientific, they must also be supported by logical and mathematical modeling. This Mathematical Part is called “Modeling Social Self-Organization and Historical Dynamics—from Agrarian to Cybernetic W-Society.” This name reflects its structure, since the chapters of this part consider social systems of the past, present, and future. On the other hand, it implements important methodological assumptions. In accordance with these assumptions, the objects of research and modeling in the Mathematical Part are the basic processes (including social and political ones) that determine features of interaction between various spheres of life at respective phases of historical development. The logic of the Mathematical Part leads us from ancient societies to modern and future ones, through understanding how phase transitions occur from one type of society to another, and allows us to make forecasts about the future society. The chapters of this part demonstrate how we see the combining of the world systems, historical and evolutionary approaches, a systematic view of society, and mathematical modeling within a single research program.

This chapter presents the results of the application of the set of basic models outlined in chapter “Modeling Social Self-Organization and Historical Dynamics. A General Approach” (Akaev et al., 2023, this volume) to model the current historical situation and to forecast its further development. Akaev et al. show that the modern historical period is a period of transition from the “epoch of growth,” which followed the industrial revolution of the early nineteenth century, to the “era of deceleration,” one of the strongest indicators of which is a rapid decrease in the growth rate of the Earth's population and its aging. They perform the analysis of the ongoing changes in all spheres of life. Akaev et al show the uniqueness of the ongoing changes and consider alternative options for further development.

Previously, the authors proposed two mathematical models that describe the dynamics of economic development rates and forecasting inflation rates. The events that took place after February 2022 introduced an element of significant turbulence into the processes of macroeconomic dynamics in Russia, which required some correction of the previous models. This is reflected in this article. The processes simulated on the basis of new models show that a significant reduction in the interest rate and a steady increase in the money supply are required to restore economic growth and reduce inflation in the medium term. It is shown that, in the current era of geopolitical changes and the collapse of many liberal market dogmas, the role of the state and planning in managing economic processes is increasing.

Akaev et al. outline their methodological approach to mathematical modeling of social self-organization and historical dynamics, which is used in the study of processes occurring in the world and in forecasting further world development. They describe basic equations (in the demographic, ecological, economic, technological, social, and political spheres) and the order of their use in modeling world dynamics. Based on these equations, a set of basic models has been developed that describes interactions in the “society—nature” system, as well as interactions within society between the main social groups (including economic and political interactions). Finally, Akaev et al. propose a technique for analyzing modeling results based on constructing and studying features of phase portraits of respective equation systems.

татья посвящена анализу климатических изменений и моделированию энергетического перехода на возобновляемые источники энергии. Современная климатическая ситуация характеризуется общим повышением средней глобальной температуры в результате чрезвычайно высокой концентрации углекислого газа (СО2) в атмосфере, количество которого постоянно увеличивается и представляет угрозу для устойчивости глобальной экологической системы в целом. Принимая во внимание тот факт, что основная часть выбросов СО2 приходится на энергопотребление (которое на протяжении всей истории переживало переходы от одного вида доминирующего энергоресурса к другому – от биомассы к углю, от угля к нефти и от нефти к природному газу), авторы анализируют возможности перехода к возобновляемым источникам энергии (ВИЭ), который, по прогнозам, произойдет во второй половине XXI в. Авторы проводят математическое моделирование предстоящего энергетического перехода с различными сценариями будущего топливно-энергетического баланса в XXI в. Для этого ученые разработали специализированную математическую модель, учитывающую современные тенденции энергопотребления на основе данных крупнейших энергетических компаний и международных организаций в сфере энергетики, таких как BP, Equinor, ExxonMobil, Shell, REN21, Международное агентство по возобновляемым источникам энергии (IRENA), Международное энергетическое агентство (МЭА), Межправительственная группа экспертов по изменению климата (МГЭИК), «Сколково» и др. Представлены и проанализированы три сценария повышения средней глобальной температуры приземной атмосферы в XXI в.: консервативный сценарий, амбициозный сценарий и сценарий Net Zero. Консервативный сценарий предполагает, что государственная политика, технологии и социальные предпочтения продолжат развиваться так же, как и в недавнем прошлом. Амбициозный сценарий предусматривает принятие мер, ведущих к значительному сокращению выбросов углерода от использования энергии, что, в свою очередь, позволяет ограничить рост глобальной температуры в XXI в. Сценарий Net Zero, который авторы считают оптимальным, предполагает, что меры, предлагаемые в амбициозном сценарии, дополняются и подкрепляются существенными изменениями в поведении и предпочтениях общества. В статье подробно описаны современные энергоэффективные технологии и методы использования возобновляемых источников энергии, реализация которых предусмотрена в рамках оптимального сценария Net Zero.

This chapter analyzes the current historical situation and the prospects for its further development. It is evident that drastic changes are currently taking place in the world, reflecting a phase transition in historical development, namely, the transition from the late industrial phase to the cybernetic phase, features of which are largely determined by the ongoing Cybernetic Revolution. One could also talk about a transition from an economically organized World System to a politically organized one. Sadovnichy et al. consider the most important features of the ongoing changes and their impact on various spheres of society’s life, taking into account various scenarios of the future global evolution. In particular, Sadovnichy et al. discuss the possible transition from a liberal market capitalist society to a model of society with an equal distribution (but still preserving private initiative and the spirit of enterprise). This global transition is facilitated by the limitation of extensive growth opportunities due to objective reasons. Modern transition is also connected with the achievement of a high level of technological development, which objectively demands the transformation of social, political, and international relations to correspond to the level of technology. There are some contradictions with respect to technological development. On the one hand, the benefits of new technology implementation are significant for solving many modern problems in providing a higher quality of life, since for the first time in history, it is becoming possible to satisfy the material needs of the majority of the world’s population. On the other hand, the development of technological innovations leads to the formation of socio-technical self-regulating systems based on artificial intelligence, the introduction of which also carries with it serious risks, and their scale remains unknown. At the moment, the rate of demographic growth is declining, alleviating the problem of overpopulation of the Earth. However, the high-income countries and some of the low-income ones will experience depopulation, while on the contrary, in most Sub-Saharan African countries, fast population growth will continue for a few decades. Therefore, the optimization of demographic processes is an extremely important task. It is very important that the development of medical technologies leads to an increase in life expectancy, as well as to a change in the demographic structure of society, i.e., to global aging, which is leading to changing social and labor force structure. Therefore, ensuring the quality of life of the aging population will present a critical problem. Aging at the same time gradually reduces the acuteness of material problems and their role in motivating people’s activities, while at the same time increasing the role of ideological factors. In this regard, it makes sense to talk about the formation of a new type of society (cybernetic W-society), since the ongoing phase transition will affect all the foundations of life and the organization of society. The transition to a new model of society is inevitably interconnected with global political transformations, involving the formation of a new world order in which new principles of interaction between states will appear with a gradual rejection of competitive confrontation in favor of mutually beneficial cooperation.