IntroductionThe development of renewable energy projects has become a key strategy for addressing global climate change. From the perspective of social compatibility, this article examines the suitability of two types of renewable energy projects, photovoltaic and wind energy, for the local area.MethodsA mixed-methods approach combining interviews and questionnaires was used to obtain the attitudes of local residents, with the sample consisting of 96 respondents from four surrounding communities and villages.ResultsThe results show that the introduction of renewable energy projects has caused important changes to the environment, resource utilization, and landscape. The questionnaire results support the main viewpoints from the qualitative research.ConclusionTo improve social compatibility, targeted policy strategies are needed, including participatory planning that incorporates community views, support for local livelihood transitions, and differentiated strategies for photovoltaic and wind energy projects.

This article critically examines the consequences of the application of a photovoltaic (PV) project on the social exclusion of local fishers, through an environmental justice lens. The project was undertaken to develop a mechanism to increase local government revenue while mitigating climate change. However, the findings reveal that the entry of the PV industry displaced traditional fishery production, causing damage to the livelihood of local fishers and encroaching on their living space. At the same time, the authorities did not pay special attention to the interests of fishers in the distribution of PV revenue. These findings draw attention to the need to address the social exclusion of fishers and take decisive steps to institutionalize more structured and transparent co‐creation processes to ensure that the voices of marginalized groups are heard and effectively considered in the process. The research this article draws on is qualitative, comprised of data gathered through document analysis, as well as in‐depth interviews with the fishers, representatives of the local government, and the PV companies.

在干旱缺水地区,社会如何得以正常运行?通过对太行山区的实地调查,结合民间传说和庙宇碑文,探讨干旱缺水境遇下社会常态化运行的建构过程.在常规手段难以奏效的情景下,民间信仰成为化解因缺水而形成的社会危机的重要策略.通过祈雨仪式,一方面安抚社会情绪,重燃希望,稳定社会心态;另一方面将干旱归因于人的过失,重新强调世俗社会的道德规范,使人的行为重回正常轨道.在竞水仪式中,利用神祇公正无私和强大神秘力量的想象,实现稀缺水资源的合法性分配,稳定用水秩序.借助民间信仰仪式,建构对缺水社会的认知,规范人们的社会行为,维持社会的常态化运行.

编者按:21世纪初以来,中国环境社会学快速发展,河海大学社会学系陈阿江教授是这一领域的领跑者和代表性学者.他长期深耕于工业污染、面源污染、环境健康、垃圾治理、气候变化、绿色发展等诸多环境社会学议题,取得了丰硕的研究成果:主持国家社会科学基金项目3项,省部级科研项目多项;出版专著《制度创新与区域发展》(2000年)、《次生焦虑——太湖流域水污染的社会解读》(2010年)、《"癌症村"调查》(2013年),《城市生活垃圾处置的困境与出路》(2016年)、《面源污染的社会成因及其应对——太湖流域、巢湖流域农村地区的经验研究》(2020年)等多部;在《社会学研究》、《中国社会科学》(内部文稿)、《社会学评论》、《探索与争鸣》、《学海》、《江苏社会科学》等刊物发表学术论文70余篇,多篇论文被《中国社会科学文摘》及中国人民大学报刊复印资料等全文转载或摘录.2022年主持创办《环境社会学》集刊并担任主编.

Background Bangladesh is one of the countries at risk of natural disasters due to climate change. In particular, inhabitants of its riverine islands (char) confront ongoing climatic events that heighten their vulnerability. This study aims to assess social vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation strategies to climate change in the riverine island areas of Bangladesh. Methods A mixed-method approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative procedures was used on data collected from 180 households of riverine islands in Gaibandha, Bangladesh. The social vulnerability of riverine island communities was assessed based on their adaptation capacity, sensitivity, and exposure to climatic stressors. Results The findings show that char dwellers' vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation capability to climate change vary significantly depending on their proximity to the mainland. Social vulnerability factors such as geographical location, fragile and low-grade housing conditions, illiteracy and displacement, climate-sensitive occupation and low-income level, and so on caused to the in-height vulnerability level of these particular areas. This study also displays that climate change and its associated hazards cause severe life and livelihood concerns for almost all households. In this case, the riverine dwellers employed several adaptation strategies to enhance their way of life to the disaster brought on changing climate. However, low education facilities, deficiency of useful information on climate change, poor infrastructure, and shortage of money are still the supreme hindrance to the sustainability of adaptation. Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of evaluating the susceptibility of local areas to climate change and emphasize the need for tailored local initiatives and policies to reduce vulnerability and enhance adaptability in communities residing in char households.

耿车模式是20世纪80年代颇具特色的中国式现代化发展模式之一.由于环境与产业互为嵌构的特点,后续的环境治理成为其发展的重要影响变量.文章通过实地调查及查阅文献资料,对耿车镇以及与其关联的光武镇、沙集镇进行比较研究,发现针对早期极其相似的废旧塑料回收加工行业,耿车镇通过环境治理而取缔,并由家具电商行业来替代,光武镇则采取相对温和的措施进行环境治理,并向塑料深加工方向发展;继废旧塑料行业之后,耿车镇对家具电商产业采取严格的环境整治措施,而处于行政区内相对边缘的沙集镇没有采取激进的整治措施.文章通过比较发现,环境治理对地方经济增长有一定的影响,但经济发展自身的规定性仍然起重要作用.

兴化垛田传统农业是我国乃至全球重要农业文化遗产,但农业遗产动态保护与合理开发利用在现实中遭遇了严峻挑战.从田野调查和文献研究来看,生态是垛田系统之魂,随着生态运行的社会机制逐渐消失,生态系统失去平衡,旅游观光业未能将生态之魂予以传承;与此同时,垛田农业是优质特色蔬菜农业,农业的传统生产活动、农耕方式和农作物品种是重要遗产,旅游观光业未能与传统农业生产相契合,丢失了农业之本业.因此,应将"生态之魂"和"农业之本"嵌入乡村振兴中的旅游观光业模式,加强对农业遗产的价值保护和活化传承.

In Bangladesh, many people are being displaced in riverine island (char) areas every year due to climate change and its associated natural catastrophes. This study intends to investigate the impact of climate change on internally displaced char people's lives and livelihoods along with local adaptation strategies and hindrances to the coping mechanism. Data have been collected from 280 internally displaced households in two sub-districts. A mixed-method approach has been considered combined with qualitative and quantitative methods. The results disclose that frequent flooding, riverbank erosion, and crop loss are the leading causes for relocation, and social relations are impeded in the new place of residence. Increasing summer and winter temperatures, recurrent flooding, severity of riverbank erosion, and expanding disease outbreaks are also important indicators of climate change identified by displaced people, which are consistent with observed data. This study also reveals that almost all households come across severe livelihood issues like food shortage, unemployment and income loss, and housing and sanitation problems due to the changing climate associated with disasters in the former and present places. In response to this, the displaced people acclimatize applying numerous adaptation strategies in order to boost the livelihood resilience against climate change. However, fragile housing, financial conditions, and lack of own land are still the highest impediments to the sustainability of adaptation. Therefore, along with the government, several organizations should implement a dynamic resettlement project through appropriate scrutiny to eradicate the livelihood complications of internally displaced people.

污染企业迁移问题是环境治理领域的难题之一.如果将涂尔干的历时性的失范概念拓展为空间失范,那么对污染企业迁移的发生逻辑则具有一定的解释力.多年来,大量化工企业从苏南迁移至苏北,两地在化工产业发展政策上呈现"南禁""北引"的结构性差异,即苏南严格禁止的某些化工工艺、产品,却进了苏北招商引资的清单;在环境监管层面呈现"南透""北捂"的差异性实践,即苏南某些地方政府为加强监管努力推动企业环境信息透明化,而苏北某些地方却封锁信息以规避多方监管.空间失范的发生,从根本上是特定经济结构及政治考核机制的产物,也是地方政府对环境容量的选择性定义及地域社会文化心态共同作用的结果.污染企业迁移问题的妥善解决,需要地方政府更好地平衡短期与中长期利益,推进环境信息的公开、透明机制建设,同时促进地区间的均衡发展,减少空间失范的经济社会基础.

农商关系是一个古老话题.重农或重商传统与区域发展关系密切.在中国总体重农大传统的背景下,地方的多样性和复杂性形成了地域性重商小传统.在梳理大传统、小传统的基础上,理解耿车重商小传统与耿车模式及其绿色转型.耿车货郎担经营的重视市场的特点促成了耿车模式的形成,但耿车重商小传统内重视商贸而忽视技艺的特点,使其废旧塑料加工技术推进有限,注重短期利益的特点造成环境污染.在"铁腕治污"环境规制背景下,废旧塑料行业被迫取消.重商小传统中的开放性特点,使得生产者善于向外界学习.部分企业探索电子商务,进而发展了以家具制造电子商务为特色产业的新耿车模式,从而完成了废旧塑料回收加工行业的环境转型.随着现代化的推进,工商传统正在替代农本传统成为主流,并在工商文明中嵌入绿色生态文化.

无论是传统社会还是现代社会,都具有多样性和多面性的特点.以监视为视角,可以发现,在传统的熟悉社会里,在等级体系之内主要进行责任性监视,而在等级体系之外则主要依赖竞争性监视.随着城市化推进、人口流动性增大,传统的熟人社会逐渐演变为陌生人社会,借助新技术进行监视既必要又有效.通过对个体空间轨迹以及交往、交易信息的记录保存,个体的存在变得透明可视.透明虽然方便了个人生活和机构管理,却产生了非预期后果:科层制的层级关系甚至无层级关系的社会成员都被置于权力的关联结构中,而网络公司借助技术优势收集个体信息并以此作为赢利资源,诱导和改变用户的消费行为,甚至改变他们的行为与价值.因此,需要制定和完善相应的法律法规,规范监视设备、监视信息的使用.

本文基于对工业污染问题的长期观察及对我国东中部地区的案例分析,探索污染企业的迁移是在怎样的社会结构中实现的.研究发现,基于地区经济差距形成的发展急迫感差异、环境规制强度差异以及基于污染风险认知形成的社会容忍度差异成为形构企业迁移的外部机会集合的三重结构条件.从较长时段看,机会结构本身也处在演变中.在行动主体受制于外围社会结构的同时,企业、地方政府与民众的互动也在不断地重塑其外围结构.在地方发展差距依然存在的条件下,可健全环境规制、创新生态理念,致力于实现地区间共同富裕,促进生态增益.

邻里介于家户与社区之间,是构成社会的一个基础性单元,但因其边界的不确定性,可操作化的研究仍很缺乏.本文通过对太行山缺水地区的实地调查,探讨因水而建的作为邻里的地域共同体井方.由于日常用水需要,邻近居民共同集资、投劳建设水井,进而圈定用水边界、构建用水共同体.长期共居一地、共用一井,形成稳定的地域共同体.井方内居民互帮互助,相互监督用水行为,乃至日常行为.以井方为单元的宗教活动与世俗文化活动,为本街坊居民提供了娱乐活动,也增进了街坊成员的相互交流,促进了地域社会的整合.

Managing and communicating flood risks necessitates a strong understanding of how people perceive risk. It has become critical to examine risk perception to implement effective disaster risk management (DRM) measures. Socioeconomic determinants have an impact on risk perception, which in turn affects future adaptive capacity and disaster preparedness. First and foremost, this research attempts to determine how Pakistani people in rural areas perceive flood risk, and second, to examine the factors that can influence rural residents’ perceptions of flood risk. The data for this study were collected through face-to-face interviews with 600 respondents (household heads) from Charsadda and Nowshera districts that were severely affected by the 2010 flood. A flood risk perception index was developed (using a risk matrix) using relevant attributes on a Likert scale and classified into two categories: high and low perceived risk. Furthermore, a binary regression model was used to examine the influence of socioeconomic and institutional factors on rural households’ risk perception. Flood risk was perceived by 67 percent of the total sampled participants in the study regions. The results of binary logistic regression demonstrate that flood risk perception is strongly linked to socioeconomic variables such as age, education, house ownership, family size, past flood experience, and distance from the nearest river source, as well as institutional factors such as access to credit and extreme weather forecast information. The findings of the current study additionally revealed that flood risk perception varied among household heads based on education (1–10 years perceived high flood risk (51.47%)), age (age greater than 40 years perceived high flood risk (52.83%)), and monthly income levels (lower monthly income group perceived high flood risk (73.02%)). The findings of this study shed light on rural households’ perception of flood risk and the factors that shape such perceptions. These findings can assist provincial and local disaster management authorities in better understanding flood risk and adopting local actions that could be used to respond to flood and other climate-related disasters.

近年来,我国0至14岁儿童自闭症患者人数快速增长,且患病率逐年升高,成为影响家庭及社会和谐的不稳定因素之一.为缓解自闭症家庭的育儿压力,保障儿童自闭症患者的生活质量与发展,建立和完善自闭症儿童正式支持体系非常必要.湖市是国内最早一批将儿童自闭症群体作为儿童救助领域的主要内容开展工作的地市之一.基于湖市的调研,总结分析了湖市儿童自闭症正式支持体系的基本情况与组织模式.研究发现,湖市已初步形成残联统筹、公立机构主导、社会组织相辅助、企业为补充的自闭症儿童正式支持体系,有效承担起自闭症儿童在医疗、康复及教育方面的基本需求.其中,以"公"为基础的正式支持体系成为自闭症儿童社会支持体系的核心.形成以"公"为基础的正式支持体系,有其必然性.

Children are disproportionately affected by disasters, in both the long and short term, particularly in developing countries. Children in rural areas face the most adversity since they are inadequately prepared, lacking in resources, and oblivious to their potential. Many children continue to turn to their parents or guardians for help in emergencies, however, the behavior, awareness, and preparedness of a child is equally important during an emergency. This paper takes a closer look at the physical, psychological, and educational vulnerabilities, as well as factors that influence the involvement of children in flood disaster-related activities (between 2010 and 2014) in selected disaster-hit rural communities of Pakistan. This study was based on interviews with a total of 100 school children from four selected regions and analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The study results show that school children in Nowshera are more susceptible to disasters than the other districts, particularly due to their psychological, physical, and educational well-being. Nowshera has the highest percentage of children who are vulnerable to all three types of vulnerability. Damage to homes and emotional distress are significant predictors of psychological vulnerability, while proximity to disaster-prone areas, poor diet, and parental loss are important contributors to physical vulnerability. Children displacement, delayed enrolment, multiple relocations, and family instability are the main factors determining educational vulnerability. Our findings suggest that in addition to having improved building infrastructure, schools must engage in disaster management efforts to educate school children about the risks of disasters.

发展环境社会工作既是现实的需要,也是环境社会工作自身学科发展的内在必然.作为社会工作的一个重要分支,环境社会工作以国家生态文明建设基本方针为指导,以社会工作专业理念与方法为支撑,以生态环境保护为工作核心,致力于推动环境问题的解决.环境社会工作秉承社会工作的传统,旨在帮助弱势群体解决因环境损害而产生的健康问题、心理问题和贫困问题以及调解环境损害引发的社会冲突;通过培育大众环境意识、引导民众绿色环保行为,推动生态自觉;通过推动环境社会组织发展、影响企业环境行为、积极参与政府环境治理,服务政府环保政策的决策和实施.

This study aims to explore the impact of climate change on health, including local adaptation strategies. A mixed-method approach has been used in this study. The results reveal that increasing the frequency of flooding, severity of riverbank erosion and drought, and rising disease outbreak are the highest indicators of climate change perceived by riverine island (char) dwellers, which is similar to the observed data. It also uncovers, approximately all respondents encounter several health-related issues during different seasons where prevailing cold and cough with fever, skin diseases, and diarrhoea are the leading ailments. Several adaptation strategies are accommodated by char inhabitants in order to enhance resilience against the climate change health impacts, but the paucity of money, disrupted communication, lack of formal health-care centre are the most obstacles to the sustainability of adaptation. This research recommends that healthcare-associated project should be performed through proper monitoring for exterminating char dwellers' health issues.

一、什么是循环社会 什么是循环社会?我们可以从循环经济人手去理解循环社会.循环经济指资源循环型经济,即以资源节约和循环利用为主要特征的经济发展模式.循环经济的核心是资源循环利用.那么为什么要提循环社会呢?因为循环经济这一概念太窄,而且只强调资源这一经济要素.