Nine non-indigenous casual or naturalised species are newly recorded for Singapore: Justicia pectinata L. (Acanthaceae), Lepidagathis cephalotes (Link) Kuntze (Acanthaceae), Ruellia prostrata Poir.(Acanthaceae), Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass.(Asteraceae), Tilesia baccata (L.) Pruski (Asteraceae), Wollastonia asperrima Decne.(Asteraceae), Merremia gemella (Burm.f.) Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae), Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.)Spreng.(Cucurbitaceae) and Verbena brasiliensis Vell.(Verbenaceae).Descriptions, notes on the distribution, and ecology

A widespread Canthium species of upland northern Thailand, Laos, and China, known erroneously as C. parvifolium (described from India) or C. horridum (described from Java) is formally described as a new species Canthium obscurum. A photograph of fruiting twigs and line drawings of the flower are added. Canthium parvifolium is lectotypified by a herbarium specimen in P.

Formal description of some new taxa from Indochina include in Lythraceae a new species of Lagerstroemia, L. poilanei W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes with two varieties, var. poilanei and var. grandis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, two new species of Rotala, R. saxatilis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes and R. protracta W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes and a new variety of Rotala indica, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne var. minima W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. In Stemonaceae a new species, Stemona hirtella W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, is described.

Alangium Lam. sect. Conostigma Bloemb. is largely confined to the Malesian area and contains 19 species. By using the characters as found in the original species-descriptions, and with emphasizing the nature of the indument of the leaf bud, the confusingly variable Alangium javanicum s.l.-complex could be dismantled for a great part. Four new species: A. ledermannii, A. pallens, A. plumbeum, and A. subcordatum, and two new varieties: A. meyeri var. macilentum and A. ebenaceum var. insignis are recognised. Two taxa are raised to specific status: A. nobile subsp. denudatum to A. denudatum and A. javanicum var. minahassicum to A. minahassicum. A key to the species is presented, and the concerned taxa are enumerated, referenced, described and some are figured.

Alangium sect. Rhytidandra is confined to SE Asia, the Pacific and East Australia, and contains 13 species. Five species, viz. Alangium brassii, A. glabrum, A. gracile, A. guadalcanalense, and A. velutinum are described as new, whereas A. villosum subsp. solomonense is raised to specific rank: A. solomonense. Subspecies tomentosum formerly in A. villosum is transferred to another species and has become A. polyosmoides subsp. tomentosum. Finally Iodes ferruginea, described in Icacinaceae appeared to belong in Alangiaceae, and as the name ferruginea was occupied in Alangium it is changed into A. strigosum, nom. nov. A key to the species is presented, and the concerned taxa are enumerated, referenced, described, and two are figured.

Two new species endemic to Vietnam are described: Trichosanthes conferta and Trichosanthes epibracteata. Trichosanthes laceribractea is a new record for Vietnam.

Callitriche nana B.C. Ho & G.T.P. Vo, the first Callitriche species from Java, is described. It is a terrestrial species, not a terrestrial form of an aquatic species. It has the smallest stature among the some 50 species known world-wide. The species is distinct in several other morphological characters as well. Phylogenetic analyses of its rbcL sequences also indicate an isolated position in the genus Callitriche.

Arthur Francis George Kerr’s life is reviewed and related to a previously published account. Kerr’s collecting activity is analysed using an expanded version of the Thai Biogeography Group’s database of collections. 8,666 of the total 48,970 collections are Kerr’s and 3,178 are those of his colleagues and friends. Therefore, the total number of collections made by Kerr and his acquaintances is likely to be larger and more diverse than previously believed. Mapping of these data using GIS show that Kerr’s collecting activities focussed on particular regions of Thailand at particular times. Also large areas of the country remained unexplored by Kerr and his acquaintances: a pattern that, to some extent, persists to this day. The large, but dispersed, archive of Kerr’s photographs, maps, living collections and correspondence indicate that he was a skilled photographer (taking at least 3,000 images), cartographer (producing many hand-drawn maps) and exceptionally acute, accurate and detailed observer (filling numerous notebooks and leaving other records). It is clear that digitising these collections to form an on-line dedicated website is highly desirable to further progress on the flora of Thailand and surrounding countries and would form an unique record of the social history of early 20 th C Thailand.

An enumeration of the 11 indigenous species of Lagerstroemia accepted for the Malesian area is presented with additionally three cultivated species. It includes descriptions of 6 species, notes, synonyms, and keys for flowering and fruiting specimens. All names are typified. Studied herbarium collections, mainly in L, are briefly mentioned.

Enumeration and taxonomic treatment of the seven species of Ammannia (Lythraceae) occurring in the Malesian area are presented among which one new species A. herbacea. A key to the species is given. Two species are illustrated. Ammannia debilis is a distinct species endemic to S India.

Lagerstroemia langkawiensis Furtado & Srisuko is a new record for Thailand. Lagerstroemia huamotensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Thailand), Lagerstroemia kratiensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Cambodia), and Lagerstroemia vanosii W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Java) are described as new species, Lagerstroemia duperreana Gagnep. var. saxatilis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes as a new variety. The name Sibia DC. for a section as used by Furtado & Srisuko (1969) cannot be maintained, and the new section Parviflora W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes is described to replace it. Important characters for species delimitation in Lagerstroemia are discussed.

Recognition, enumeration, and discussion of 21 species of lesser-sized Lobelias in South and South East Asia and Malesia are presented. A key to the lesser Lobelias, primarily based on seed shape and growth habit, is given. In Indochina and in the Malesian area the name Lobelia alsinoides Lam. is replaced by L. dopatrioides Kurz var. cantonensis (Danguy) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. In the remaining area of L. alsinoides, mainly India, that species is divided into two varieties, viz. var. alsinoides and var. trigona (Roxb.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. Lobelia dioica R.Br. is a new record for Malesia. Lobelia reinwardtiana (C.Presl) A.DC. and Lobelia thorelii E.Wimm. are reinstated. Lobelia zeylanica L. var. walkeri C.B.Clarke is raised to species rank, L. walkeri (C.B.Clarke) W.J.de Wilde and Duyfjes. Lobelia reinwardtiana (C.Presl) A.DC. var. megalantha W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (India), L. dopatrioides Kurz var. kradungensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Thailand), L. reptans W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (New Ireland), and L. serratifolia WJ.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Bougainville Isl.) are described as new.

This work concerns the recognition, enumeration, and discussion of 4 species of Cyclocodon Griff. ex Hook.f. & Thomson, a genus occurring in Southeast Asia and Malesia. A key to the species of Cyclocodon is given. Cyclocodon axillaris (Oliv.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, based on Campanumoea axillaris Oliv. is reinstated, as this taxon was previously included in synonymy of Cyclocodon lancifolius (Roxb.) Kurz.

The genus Stemona is represented in Thailand by 11 species. Two new species are described: Stemona involuta and S. rupestris. A key to the species and descriptions are presented.

The genus Stemona is represented in Thailand by 11 species. Two new species are described: Stemona involuta and S. rupestris. A key to the species and descriptions are presented.

Eight new combinations are made for African Cucurbitaceae, two in the genus Neoachmandra, six in Pilogyne.

The finding of a wild Cucumber in the forest, as well as primitive cucumbers cultivated by the Karen hill-tribes in NW Thailand, allowed for a more accurate description of the wild ancestor of the cultivated Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae). A modern description of the wild form, forma hardwickii (Royle) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes is provided, as well as some corollary notes including remarks on the morphology of the ovary and the stigma in the genus Cucumis.