The study of Features and Characteristics of Mountainous Rural Settlements (RFCMRS) is a key factor in the development of rural settlements during the urbanization process. Mountainous rural settlements, due to their unique mountainous conditions, climate, living environments, and regional culture, are among the important subjects of research for governments and the academic community worldwide. This paper, utilizing the knowledge mapping software CiteSpace (6.2.R3) for co-citation and collaboration analysis, keyword clustering, keyword time zoning, and keyword emergence, analyzes the research trajectory, key issues, and future trends of RFCMRSs. The study finds that current RFCMRS research can be categorized into the following three key issues: “implications of climate change: risks and adaptive responses”, “regional cultural heritage and economic development”, and “ecological conservation and fostering harmonious symbiosis”. Future research will focus on the following three development trends: “risk response based on climate resilience and ecological protection”, “factors of features and characteristics based on regional culture and landscape configurations”, and “human settlements based on low-carbon objectives and sustainable development principles”. Lastly, the paper proposes the following three future research suggestions: “improving the evaluation system for features and characteristics of mountainous rural settlements”, “deepening the study on the evolutionary phenomenon and mechanism for features and characteristics of mountainous rural settlements”, and “exploring the design methods for features and characteristics of mountainous rural settlements based on the concept of sustainable development”.

近现代以来的重庆地域建筑发展进入了地方建筑史的辉煌时代,重庆的"院"作为贯穿近现代地域建筑发展的一种空间模式,其演变发展对于重庆现代地域建筑研究及创作有重要意义.以重庆地域建筑院落空间为主要研究对象,以其中的传统民居院落基底研究为开端,利用类型学和形式分析方法对近、现代两个重要时期院落空间实践进行分析,继而厘清近现代院落空间模式的演变历程,明晰在演变过程中院落空间模式发展的动力机制与影响因素.旨在以长续发展的视角对重庆地域建筑的院落空间模式进行系统性探究,以期对未来重庆地域建筑建设实践与理论研究提供一定的参考和借鉴.

中国传统山水文化独树一帜,为世人所称叹.山水文化是人与自然相互作用的产物,是人以自然山水为载体寄予某种精神需求与价值导向的呈现,具备精神与物质的双重属性,其形成过程展现了"形-意-象"转换的逻辑关系与科学智慧.川西林盘是中国典型的乡村聚落形态,是乡民于川西平原山水自然之中赋予精神创造的景观物象.以山水文化"形-意-象"逻辑关系为整体思路,以"人-情""物-景"为两大方向,综合运用田野调查、数理统计、地理信息技术等方法进行分析和论证,探究川西林盘人文精神需求和物质表征的价值导向及二者之间的内在联系,提出相应的营建办法,致力于"人-情-物-景"的交流与融合,继而建构起川西林盘人居环境营建的整体思路与方法.旨在秉持发扬国故传统、与古为新的精神,以川西林盘为代表寻觅具有中国特色的乡村人居环境营建之路.

China's urban and rural planning industry is in the process of transforming from incremental planning to stock planning,but at present,there are certain deficiencies in the research object,theoretical system and practical operation of domestic stock planning research,so how to transform to enhance its effectiveness and scientificity is an important topic.From the perspective of cognitive psychology,this paper argues that the transformation of stock planning research needs to be based on the change of thinking mode,and the study of thinking mode change is also a favorable weapon to solve the above research deficiencies.This paper sorts out the four ways of thinking from incremental planning to stock planning,namely the expansion and deepening of the content of holistic,complex,value and process thinking mode,and discusses the transformation of the deficiencies of stock planning research on this basis.Among them,taking the historic district protection planning as an example in planning practice,it is believed that in the future,more attention should be paid to the function and finance balance based on the region,the research of multiple values of temporal and spatial isomorphism,the gradual mode of consultation combining the upper and lower levels,the phased classification promotion that respects financial resources,and the flexible system clause design.In order to provide reference suggestions for the research and development of stock planning,and promote the activation and utilization of stock resources.

传统村落是乡村地区具有代表性的文化景观,构建传统村落景观安全格局是生态文明建设背景下区域尺度传统村落保护及可持续发展的重要途径.综合风景园林、城乡规划、景观生态等学科理论和方法,以文化遗产安全、自然生态安全和休闲游憩适宜为目标,运用GIS空间分析工具和最小累积阻力模型,识别构成要素、建立网络体系,形成区域尺度下传统村落景观安全的一种新研究范式,进而以腾冲市传统村落集中连片区为例展开实证研究.结果表明:1)传统村落景观安全格局包含节点、廊道、环境3个关键要素,并可划分为不同的安全等级;2)通过节点识别、阻力面构建、廊道提取、环境划分、优化与联系等步骤,建立由4级节点、2级廊道和3级环境组成的腾冲传统村落景观安全格局;3)基于获得的景观安全格局,提出对应"村落-廊道-区域"的分级、分区保护策略.以期为中国传统村落集中连片保护提供参考,并为区域性文化遗产及其相关自然和人工环境的保护提出解决方案.

渝东南传统聚落景观是武陵山区土家族苗族文化生态的重要保护对象.该地区独特的山地环境和复杂的民族构成是探究聚落景观生成机制的关键.采用定性与定量结合的研究方法,分别从生态、生产、聚落和宅屋4个层次选取传统聚落景观的关键特征要素,结合GIS空间统计分析与形态分析的方法手段,总结归纳出受地理与民族双重影响下的渝东南传统聚落景观特征:1)受北高南低的自然地貌差异影响,传统聚落在区域尺度上呈现出北靠山居、南临水体的景观特征;2)受民族互动的影响,不同民族传统聚落景观呈现汉族聚落位于交通便利的溪河两岸,土家族聚落位于溪河两岸与浅丘地带,苗族聚落位于后山"溪里"的族群景观分异;3)传统聚落景观在聚落尺度上受地理与民族双重影响而呈现出差异化的特征,地理要素主要作用于生态、生产与聚落景观层次,民族要素主要作用于聚落与宅屋景观层次,并呈现出"从区隔到融合"的发展规律.渝东南传统聚落景观特征及其生成机制的挖掘为武陵山区文化生态保护提供了实证依据与支撑,可为构建西南山地多民族文化生态体系提供一个区域性的参照.

公园城市是对城市发展模式和城市空间建设的全新阐释,对推动国家生态文明建设、构建稳定的人居环境具有重要意义.作为公园城市营建的重要对象,城市野境以其独特的生态文化价值为城市生态文明建设提供着重要支持.基于文献分析,研究从公园城市视角出发对城市野境进行价值转译,并在此基础上结合案例分析,得出城市野境营建的3条路径,即搭建多维度的视野、整合多尺度的城市野境、营造多场景的城市空间,以期为城市野境的保护利用、公园城市的实践优化提供新思路,构建健康的城市人居环境.

古村落是我国农耕文明的产物,是我国传统文化与民俗文化的重要载体.在乡村振兴时代背景下,古村落的保护和活化也逐渐成为当下城乡建设领域的热门问题.该文通过辩证分析乡村振兴与古村落保护与活化的关系,并以重庆市大足区玉龙镇玉峰村为例,探究了乡村振兴视域下古村落的保护与活化利用策略,以期为古村落的保护与活化利用提供借鉴,为促进古村落可持续发展、保护乡土文化和地域文化提供新思路.

借助GIS空间技术手段,运用景观因子的定性分析和量化的系统聚类分析相结合,以云南省腾冲市传统村落为例,通过分层级方式探讨区域视角下村落景观特征及其演变的研究方法.结果表明:(1)村落景观特征可从全境尺度和聚落尺度两个层级入手,不同层级具有不同景观构成要素、形态与特征;(2)腾冲区域村落景观可划分为6个一级景观单元和13个二级景观单元;(3)腾冲村落景观存在区域相似性和渐变性,核心区与边缘区、坝区与山区存在明显差异性;(4)现有村落景观格局受到地理环境与交通线路、边疆治理与移民宽乡、民族迁徙与文化涵化、宗族社会与宗教民俗等共同作用.同时,为腾冲区域传统村落的整体连片保护提供研究支撑和建议.

进入21世纪以来,我国已经连续19次将"三农"问题写入中央一号文件,农业、农村、农民问题始终是中国现代化进程中不可忽视与不可回避的基本问题之一.在乡村振兴的大背景下,立足于乡村人居环境整治中的实际情况,分析村庄发展中规划编制、土地利用、产业发展、文化保护、公共服务设施等问题,以问题为导向,提出乡村人居环境改善的三大原则,并以湖南省浏阳市大瑶镇端里村为例,深入探讨乡村振兴与农村人居环境之间的关系,从土地、产业、文化、公服等方面提出整治思路和措施,为建设美丽乡村,实现乡村振兴而努力.现今的乡村振兴应结合乡村建设的实际情况,从本专业出发,通过融贯的综合研究,不断改进乡村人居环境整治的工作,以期能更好地引领乡村的发展.

我国有数以万计的乡村由于自然环境、资源数量以及经济条件等因素的限制,整体发展水平低下,村民生活品质堪忧,大量村民涌入城市,造成了城镇人口增加、乡村人口减少的态势,收缩型村庄在未来将成为常态.该文提出基于"精明收缩"理念,以山西省长治市佛堂村为例,针对村庄现有人口收缩、产业不济、土地空置、经济落后、城镇化推进的困境,从空间、资源、产业及人居环境四个方面着手,将精明收缩理论与乡村发展需求相耦合,提出相应的精明收缩策略以及规划思路,以期对乡村规划及乡村转型发展提供参考借鉴.

由于地理环境和文化特征,巴渝传统建筑在中国传统建筑领域中自成一系,是巴渝特色文化实体化的表现,蕴含着鲜明的地域特色及深厚的文化内涵.文章对巴渝地域特色传统建筑美学意义的分析研究,从美学特点入手,探索其建筑美学内涵,掌握其建筑特点与审美特征,旨在为巴渝地域特色传统建筑的更新以及在现代巴渝建筑设计中多元素的融合提供实践指导.

空间形态研究是传统村落保护开发的前提,保障空间的表层特征和深层结构是实现传统村落延续与复兴的重要抓手.因此该文选取国家级传统村落安顺鲍屯村为研究对象,引入空间句法的量化分析方法,从定性和定量两个角度分析村落空间形态的表层特征和深层结构,并针对现状问题提出相应的优化策略,以期为西南地区传统村落保护研究提供相关依据.结果表明:整体上看,鲍屯村空间结构主次分明,前期屯内以场坝为中心放射状布局,后期屯外沿道路线状生长;从量化结果上看,村落空间整合度和协同度较低,整合度核心位于中轴附近;村落重要空间分布与各指标核心区域相吻合,空间深层结构延续较好,对村落生产生活产生较大影响.

我国部分古镇历史文化街区面临历史文脉断代、地域特色缺失以及建筑肌理混乱等现实问题.近年来,社会对历史文化街区振兴的关注度在持续加强,基于小规模渐进理论的织补理论可以进一步维护空间自身的特点,提高文化丰富性等,因此该创作思想成为了古镇历史街区保护规划与开发的核心方法,并且慢慢获得了广大群众的认同.本文基于织补理论的概述分析,以重庆市秀山县洪安古镇保护规划为例,论述分析空间织补规划、服务功能织补规划、交通功能织补规划以及建筑肌理织补规划,以期为古镇历史文化街区肌理提供新生模式.

传统村落作为中华农耕文明的重要历史载体,其空间分布是不同时空背景下多重因素综合作用的结果.本文从宏观层面、基于市域和个体双重视角,运用定量和定性相结合的方法对云南省国家级传统村落的空间分布及其影响因素进行深入分析,结果表明:(1)云南省国家级传统村落呈现区域不均衡和局部聚集的空间分布格局,形成3个传统村落集聚区;(2)云南省国家级传统村落空间分布受到自然环境、社会经济、历史文化等多重因素共同影响,但影响程度在不同区域存在差异;(3)坝山相间的地形塑造出相对独立的地理空间,地理区隔为传统村落保存创造条件;(4)农村经济发展与传统村落保护未显示明显正负相关,区域城镇化水平则直接影响传统村落的数量与分布,而道路条件与传统村落数量之间存在一定程度的负相关;?(5)历史文化与传统村落保护之间存在正相关,旅游业的积极发展推动了传统村落保护与传承.

实现乡村振兴,乡村人居环境的改善是必不可少的一个环节,而乡村地区农房的改造更是其中关键的一环.该文将装配式建筑的方法引入到乡村地区农房改造上来,并在类型学视角下挖掘乡村地区传统建筑的特色内涵,以期达到既保护传统建筑文化,又实现传统建筑现代化演绎的目的.该文选取重庆市彭水县郁山镇为例,将类型学的视角与装配式建筑方法相结合,总结郁山农房建造存在的问题并提出针对性的改造策略,在保护郁山建筑风貌的同时推动郁山地区乡村人居环境的改善,从而助力郁山乡村振兴的实现.

In China, the traditional village is an important agricultural civilization legacy in its rural cultural landscape. Influenced by multiple factors like physical geography and human society, cultural landscape characteristics in traditional villages have obvious intraregional similarities and interregional differences within a particular space. To examine spatial differentiation in cultural landscapes in traditional villages and determine their spatial distribution characteristics and historical evolutionary paths, the cultural landscape zoning method in traditional villages was explored in this study. The goal was to facilitate systematic regional protection, development, and use of traditional villages. First, the cultural landscape factor system in traditional villages was decomposed into 21 types of cultural landscape factors. Those factors belonged to four classes: natural environment, spatial form,dwelling type, and social culture. Second, the data on cultural landscape factors were collected and analyzed. Quantitative factors were normalized by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Third, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to quantitatively analyze the quantitative factors to extract principal components and perform hierarchical clustering. Finally, cultural landscape zoning in traditional villages was achieved with a GIS map expression method by combining the qualitative sensory impressions of descriptive factors. Also, 320 traditional villages in Chongqing City were chosen as research objects, and the proposed zoning method was empirically applied. Results demonstrated the following: (1) A systematic cultural landscape zoning method in traditional villages was formed. That method comprised factor decomposition, data acquisition and processing, principal component extraction, and hierarchical clustering-zoning. (2) Cultural landscape characteristics in traditional villages in Chongqing can be divided into four zones: a commercial culture dominant type in the west, an immigrant culture dominant type in the center, a defense-culture dominant type in the northeast, and an ethnic cultural integration type in the southeast. Chongqing was chosen as the study area, and 320 traditional villages covering the entire Chongqing City were chosen as research objects in the empirical study. Results showed that an optimized zoning method that combines quantitative and qualitative analyses of “principal component extraction combined with hierarchical clustering” was feasible and had high operability. Also, optimization of the traditional village zoning method was manifested in two main aspects. On one hand, the information retention rate of the “zoning factor” increased significantly from the traditional 20%-30% to at least 80% . This refines and enhances the dominant expression of cultural landscape characteristics and decreases the loss of “non dominant factor” information. It also decreases the subjectivity of the zoning outcome. The extracted principal factors were gained from recombining cultural landscape factors in various traditional villages according to a weight relation. Such a weight relation was calculated by the SPSS soft ware according to pure mathematical statistical relations, and reduced the subjectivity associated with weight determination in the traditional “expert scoring method.” In future studies, the migration paths of cultural landscape factors among different zones in traditional villages, their evolutionary mechanism and influencing characteristics, and the macro-, meso-, and micro-applications of zoning outcomes must be further examined.

中国是世界农耕文明的重要发源地,传统村落是农耕文明的重要载体,人类社会不可逆地向工业文明迈进,传统农业社会逐渐衰落,传统村落不可避免地遭到巨大冲击.在新时代乡村振兴战略下,解决传统村落面临的空心化等现实问题,保护与传承这一农耕文明的物质载体逐步成为研究热点.从文化景观理论的视角切入,以贵州省石阡县楼上村为例,通过梳理楼上村文化景观要素,对不同要素进行针对性探讨,秉承保护物质文化景观要素,传承社会文化景观要素的原则,提出人居环境改善、产居空间协同、农耕文化复兴、人居文化传承等保护发展策略,以期为偏远山区的传统村落保护发展研究提供一定的思路.

乡土景观理论是一种研究城镇风貌总体特征、构成要素、特色塑造的有效方法.本文将城镇风貌视为一类乡土景观,首先对城镇风貌、乡土景观概念、内涵及其相互联系进行了论述;其次以新疆维吾尔自治区伊梨州巩留县库尔德宁镇为例,分析了其自然、聚落、人文等方面乡土景观特征;最后从三个方面十个类别针对性提出了特色城镇风貌营造策略.以期为库尔德宁镇乡土景观培育和特色风貌塑造提供资料及规划思路,并为小城镇风貌规划提供借鉴.

传统村落保护与发展作为乡村振兴战略实施的重要议题,研究其空间分布特征及影响因素是保护与发展工作的前提.因此,文章通过ArcGIS空间分析平台,运用最邻近距离、地理集中指数、洛伦兹曲线、核密度等方法,分析了重庆市110个传统村落的空间分布特征及影响因素.研究发现:(1)重庆传统村落在地理分布上具有集聚性.(2)重庆传统村落在区县层面上分布较为集中,主要集中在渝东南酉阳、秀山、石柱、彭水四县.在四大区域层面上分布不均衡,主要分布于渝东南和渝西.(3)在分布密度上,重庆传统村落形成多个显著密集地区.(4)相对独立的环境、复杂的地形、丰富的水系、低便利性的交通及较弱的社会经济等因素为传统村落的形成和保护提供了重要条件,同时也是影响重庆传统村落分布的重要因素.以期对重庆地区传统村落的保护与发展提供数据支持和理论参考.