Rice sustains more than half of the global population, yet its production is chronically threatened by the brown planthopper (BPH) and striped stem borer (SSB). Although over a dozen BPH-resistance genes have been cloned, no endogenous SSB-resistance genes have been identified in rice, and characterized pest-responsive microRNAs predominantly confer BPH-specific rather than broad-spectrum resistance. miR528, a monocot-conserved miRNA, governs rice development and antiviral immunity, but its function in dual resistance to BPH and SSB remains elusive. Using transgenic lines with miR528 overexpression, silencing, knockout, OsAO overexpression and their genetic crosses, we demonstrate that miR528 is downregulated by both pests and acts as a negative regulator of dual insect resistance. Among four predicted targets, only OsAO is sustainably upregulated during herbivory, and epistatic analysis verifies that OsAO acts downstream of miR528. The miR528–OsAO module modulates L-ascorbic acid homeostasis to fine-tune reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts; consistently, miR528-deficient and OsAO-overexpressing plants accumulate higher H₂O₂ levels upon pest infestation or chitin elicitation. This study identifies miR528 as a previously uncharacterized negative regulator of dual resistance and establishes the conserved miR528–OsAO–AsA–ROS signaling axis, providing valuable genetic resources for breeding multi-insect-resistant rice cultivars.

Nitrous oxide (N2O), a major greenhouse gas produced during denitrification, plays a significant role in global warming. Crop rotation can enhance soil nitrogen (N) use efficiency and influence N-transforming microbial communities, especially denitrifiers. This study investigated soils under four fertigated cropping systems in a semi-arid region of Northeast China: continuous soybean monocropping (SC), maize-soybean rotation (MS), maize-maize-soybean rotation (MMS), and maize-soybean-soybean rotation (MSS). The impact of these rotations on the abundance and community structure of nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers was assessed using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. Compared to the SC control, soybean rotation systems (MS, MMS, MSS) significantly increased soil nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities while decreasing soil denitrification potential (SDP). Although the overall abundance of nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers was generally lower in soybean rotations compared to the SC control, the nirS/nirK gene ratio was considerably higher, suggesting a potential reduction in N2O emissions. The community composition of both nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers differed significantly between rotation and monocropping soils, with soil organic matter (SOM) serving as the primary driver. Soil nutrients influenced SDP indirectly by modulating denitrifier community structure, with nirS-type denitrifiers contributing more prominently to denitrification. In conclusion, nirS-type denitrifiers played a more dominant role in denitrification, and maize-soybean rotations with fertigation significantly modified both the diversity and abundance of soil denitrifiers.

As one of the most fundamental mechanical properties of snow, the elastic modulus is necessary for diverse applications including avalanche modelling as well as designs and constructions of snow infrastructures. Against the backdrop that snow densities are insufficient to fully parameterize snow elastic moduli, relating mesoscale parameters beyond density to snow elastic moduli is a critical and longstanding problem which hinders accurate parameterizations of snow elastic moduli. However, as an important step towards solving this problem, the mesoscale mechanical responses corresponding to snow elastic moduli have rarely been quantitatively analyzed. In this study we investigate the mesoscale mechanical responses corresponding to the elastic moduli of compacted Antarctic snow near Zhongshan Station. Firstly, the P wave propagation experiments are employed to quantify the effects of density and sintering time on the elastic modulus, and microstructures of compacted Antarctic snow are obtained from X-ray tomography images. Afterwards the finite element method based mesoscale simulations are validated against the measured elastic modulus from the P wave propagation experiments. Finally, the mesoscale mechanical responses for uniaxial compressions are quantitatively analyzed based on the mesoscale simulation results. It is found that for the considered densities and sintering times, the volume ratio of tensile stresses in the loading direction range from 3.25% to 9.46%, and the volume ratio of compressive stresses larger than the nominal compressive stress in the loading direction range from 38.66% to 44.22%. Bending moments in the cross sections perpendicular to the loading direction exist and are uncorrelated to the statical moment of area, yet the average bending moments depend on the average statical moment of area among cross sections perpendicular to the loading direction. By scrutinizing the stress distributions within the microstructures, the connected local force transmitting channel throughout the microstructure in the loading direction is identified as a necessary condition for load-bearing force chains. Additionally, the potential of the directional connectivity and the structure thickness to parameterize snow elastic moduli are discussed.

This study explored the valorization of coal gangue (CG) as a novel additive for aerobic composting, with the aim of transforming this solid waste into a resource for organic waste management. The optimum CG dosage was determined by adding different concentrations of CG (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 30 % based on dry weight w/ w) to a mixture of wheat straw, sawdust, and cow manure for 42 d of aerobic composting. The results showed that adding CG prolonged the high-temperature period by 3-4 days and enhanced maturity. The addition of CG increased the total phosphorus content by 16.15 %-25.96 % and the available phosphorus content by 7.71 %- 14.47 %. Treatment with 10 % CG yielded the highest composting score of 1.10, which was substantially higher than the value of 0.48 observed in the control group. The CG-added composting products exhibited enhanced total nitrogen and available phosphorus content and reduced heavy metal content, making them suitable for agricultural applications. The application of CG-added composting products increased the dry shoot and root biomass of cherry radishes by 13.33 %-33.33 % and 14.04 %-40.35 % respectively, as well as the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, compared to the control treatment. These findings provide insights for the development of new strategies for the effective use of agricultural waste for organic fertilizer production. Future research should validate these promising results through long-term field trials and assess the environmental sustainability of this approach.

As a crucial infrastructure for Antarctic logistics support system, snow runways are constructed using compacted Antarctic snow. Therefore, analyzing the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of compacted Antarctic snow is essential for ensuring safe operation of snow runways. Previous studies conducted uniaxial compression tests on non-Antarctic snow, revealing that the mechanical behavior of snow was influenced by factors such as density, temperature and loading rate. In particular, loading rate significantly altered the failure mode of snow: low loading rates led to ductile failure, while high loading rates resulted in brittle failure. Although previous research has explored the effect of loading rate on the failure mode of snow, the ductile to brittle transition behavior of compacted Antarctic snow utilized in snow runway construction in Antarctica, as well as the corresponding sintering time effect have rarely been studied. This paper replicated the construction process of Antarctic snow runways in sample preparation, i.e., the procedure of crushing, sieving, compacting, and sintering of the natural Antarctic snow was followed. Uniaxial compression tests were then employed to investigate the effects of different loading rates, densities, and sintering times on the failure process of compacted Antarctic snow. The results indicated that under identical density and loading rate conditions, extending the sintering time from 3 to 18 h resulted in a 1-39 % strength increase, while prolongation to 48 h achieved a further 9-53 % improvement over the 18-h samples. When maintaining identical sintering time and loading rate conditions, increasing the snow density from 0.5 to 0.6 g/cm3 led to a significant strength increase (125-218 %). It was worth noting that under the same sintering time and density, as the compression rate increased from 1 x 10-4 s-1 to 1 x 10-2 s-1, the compressive strength of the snow samples decreased monotonically, which was different from previous studies utilizing non-Antarctic snow. Additionally, both the longitudinal and transverse deformation of the snow samples became more pronounced as the loading rate decreased, especially at low loading rates (1 x 10-4 s-1 and 5 x 10-4 s-1). This study facilitates the advancement of construction techniques and enhances operational safety for Antarctic snow runways.

Combining basal organic manure amendment with mineral drip fertigation sustains soil productivity in water-limited agroecosystems, yet its complex impact on the accumulation risks of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) requires careful evaluation. However, the distribution, dissemination, and driving mechanisms of soil ARGs remain unclear. Based on high-throughput sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) techniques, this study evaluated six fertilization regimes within a semi-arid maize field: no fertilization (CK), organic fertilizer alone (OM), mineral fertilizer alone (CF), integrated organic-mineral fertilization (CF+OM), drip fertigation with mineral fertilizer (FDI), and organic fertilization combined with mineral drip fertigation (FDI+OM). We targeted specific ARGs (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and multidrug resistance) due to their agricultural prevalence and high clinical risks. FDI+OM significantly enhanced bacterial abundance and diversity, whilst the fertilization regimes significantly altered bacterial community structure, with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as the primary factor. Compared with CF and FDI, the application of organic fertilizer (OM, CF+OM, FDI+OM) significantly increased ARG diversity and abundance; in contrast to conventional fertilization (CF, OM, CF+OM), drip fertigation (FDI, FDI+OM) significantly reduced ARG abundance. Organic carbon pools indirectly affect ARG loads via altering bacterial abundance and further mediating the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). In summary, the combined application of organic fertilizer can increase soil carbon storage and microbial diversity, but may also increase the load of ARGs, whereas combining it with mineral drip irrigation fertilization helps reduce the accumulation of ARGs.

This study evaluated the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) on treatment performance and bacterial community responses in seawater constructed wetlands treating aquaculture wastewater. Two oxygen supply models were compared: an intermittent reoxygenation model driven by tidal operation in a tidal-flow constructed wetland (TFCW), and a continuous oxygen diffusion model maintained by steady inflow in a continuous-flow constructed wetland (CFCW). The key difference lies in the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of oxygen within the substrate matrix. The TFCW exhibited superior total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency, with the highest performance (53%) observed at an FP/DP ratio of 16 h:8 h, compared to 35% in the CFCW. DNA- and RNA-based 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the intermittent oxygen supply not only reshaped the total bacterial community but more prominently restructured the transcriptionally active microbiome. Pronounced spatiotemporal DO variability generated by tidal operation enhanced the activity of key nitrogen-transforming taxa, including Nitrosomonas, Nitrospina, and Nitrospira, particularly in the middle and bottom substrate layers. Furthermore, Desulfovibrio was enriched in deeper low-oxygen zones, suggesting potential nitrogen-sulfur coupling under saline and low C/N conditions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that oxygen supply model reshapes redox architecture, regulates key nitrogen-transforming microorganisms, and promotes microbial network restructuring, thereby enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency. This study reveals a mechanistic link between oxygen supply model, active microbial community dynamics, and nitrogen transformation in seawater constructed wetlands.

Compressive failures of snow pose significant challenges in snow engineering, particularly for snow roads and runways. Analyzing their microstructural evolution under compression is critical for predicting failure mechanisms and improving design reliability. By simplifying the variations in snow microstructural characteristics, the fiber bundle model (FBM) ensures computational efficiency while accounting for the effects of microstructure evolution, thus providing insights into the macroscopic failure behavior of snow. FBM has been successfully applied to simulate shear failure in snow. However, its application to snow compressive failure has rarely been studied. In this paper, FBM was enhanced by incorporating the following features: (a) an increase in the fiber number corresponding to the lateral expansion of the snow sample; (b) an increase in fiber properties as snow densification during compression; (c) a load-dependent probability of fractured fiber sintering to represent the pressure sintering effect; and (d) a damage coefficient that gradually accumulated with increasing strain to account for the micro-crack effect in the ice matrix. By incorporating these physical mechanism-based features, the model replicated the loading rate-dependent characteristics observed in uniaxial compressive experiments of compacted Antarctic snow and showed great potential for understanding and modeling microstructural changes and macroscopic load responses associated with snow compressive failures.

Understanding the relationships between bed roughness and glaciological and geological characteristics is crucial for predicting the dynamics and stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), which further informs climate change projections and sea-level rise estimates. The links between bed roughness and ice flow, basal temperature, and sediment distribution in the Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) region of East Antarctica are intricate and poorly understood. However, with bed elevation data collected by airborne ice-penetrating radar in seven seasons we are able to derive and analyze bed roughness in both spectral and spatial domains in PEL. The results show pronounced spatial heterogeneity in bed roughness, with distinct regions exhibiting either "smooth" or "rough" bed conditions. Comparative analysis between spectral and spatial domain roughness parameters indicates relative consistency across the region, suggesting their reliability as indicators of bed conditions. We explore the interrelations between bed roughness and basal temperature, ice flow, and sediment distribution, demonstrating the interdependencies among these glaciological characteristics in PEL and, by this demonstration, likely elsewhere. Our study underscores the importance of bed roughness analysis in understanding subglacial conditions and processes critical to ice sheet dynamics and stability.

Traditionally, ammonia oxidation has been attributed to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). However, complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Comammox) can perform nitrification in its entirity, transforming current understanding of microbial N cycling and necessitating further investigation. Here, the influence of different maize-soybean rotation systems on AOA, AOB, and Comammox community composition and abundance were examined in farmland soils under drip fertigation in semi-arid regions of Northeastern China. Experimental treatments included soybean continuous cropping (SC) and three rotations: maize-soybean (MS), maize-maize-soybean (MMS), and maize-soybean-soybean (MSS). Quantitative fluorescence PCR and high-throughput sequencing were employed to assess microbial abundance and community structures. The present findings revealed that, soybean rotation enhanced hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) and ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activities, as well as soil nitrification potential (PNR). Among the rotation treatments, MMS and MSS exhibited significantly higher PNR and enzymatic activities than MS. AOA and AOB were significantly more abundant in rotation systems than in SC. However, in contrast, Comammox levels were markedly lower in rotation treatments. Community structure analysis revealed significant variation in AOA, AOB, and Comammox between rotation systems and SC, with organic matter (SOM), alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) found to drive these shifts. Structural changes in AOA, AOB, and Comammox community compositions were found to directly influence PNR. Notably, relative Comammox contributions to nitrification surpassed that of conventional ammonia oxidizers. In conclusion, these results suggest that Comammox contributed predominantly to ammonia oxidation in soybean continuous cropping and rotation systems under drip fertigation. • Soybean rotation cropping systems affected abundance, diversities, and community compositions of ammonia-oxidizing microorganism • Comammox contributed predominantly to ammonia oxidation under soybean continuous and rotation cropping systems • Soil nutrients indirectly influence PNR by altering soil ammonia-oxidizing microbial community

Snow road and runway construction plays a vital role in developing logistical networks for Antarctic scientific expeditions. Previous studies based on unconfined compressive tests have demonstrated that the compressive strength of snow increases exponentially with density, establishing density as the dominant controlling factor. On the other hand, mechanical vibration applied to compacted snow layers has been demonstrated to significantly enhance snow hardness without markedly changing snow density. However, the strengthening effects of mechanical vibration on the uniaxial compressive strength of compacted Antarctic snow, and particularly the underlying mesoscale mechanisms remain poorly understood. The current paper addresses this gap through controlled experiments utilizing compacted Antarctic snow. Two groups of compacted snow samples were prepared: a control group using conventional layered compaction and an experimental group subjected to additional mechanical vibration after compaction. The results indicated that the experimental group achieved an average uniaxial compressive strength of 0.448 MPa, representing a 42.2 % increase compared to the control group (0.315 MPa). Mesoscale analysis revealed that mechanical vibration increased the minimum cut density index (MCDI) from 0.425 g/cm3 to 0.505 g/cm3 and raised the directional connectivity index (DCI) from 0.575 to 0.587, while reducing the mean values and standard deviations of structure and pore thicknesses. It is speculated that compaction creates random large pores and microcracks within particles. Vibration-induced oscillatory stresses propagate these microcracks, fragmenting particles near pores. These fragments then fill pore spaces, yielding more uniform pore distribution while maintaining constant overall density. These findings provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the construction of snow infrastructures in polar and cold regions.

Subglacial Lake Qilin (SLQ), in the center of Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL), East Antarctica, is a potential drilling target for detecting extreme-life and studying ice sheet evolution, due to its tectonic origin, stability, thick sediments and isolation by 3600 m thick ice. Prior to drilling, an ideal site is needed to meet scientific goals, requiring characterization of water circulation and subglacial hydrology-related basal melting/refreezing. This study quantifies SLQ's basal melt rate using an optimized 1D steady-state thermodynamic model and multi-source remote sensing/geophysical data. The model improves accuracy via dynamic thermal boundaries and a temperature gradient correction. Results show the lake center has a high annual mean basal melt rate of 2.195 mm a-1, increasing northward. Sensitivity analysis indicates geothermal heat flux has the most significant effect on melt rate, compared to ice thickness and temperature gradient.

Abstract With the expansion of human activities in Antarctica, understanding snow strength characteristics has become crucial for developing transportation infrastructure such as snow roads and runways. Previous studies have established that the uniaxial compressive strength of snow is primarily governed by density and sintering time, and that pressure sintering can significantly reduce the time required for snow layers to achieve target strength. However, the strengthening effects of pressure sintering on reconstituted and compacted Antarctic snow and the underlying mesoscale mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap through experiments on reconstituted and compacted Antarctic snow, comparing pressure sintering (experimental group with 40 KPa pressure) with conventional sintering (control group). Results demonstrated that the experimental group achieved a final density of 0.521 g cm −3 and 86% higher compressive strength of 0.246 MPa compared to the control group’s 0.500 g cm −3 and 0.132 MPa, respectively. Mesoscale analysis demonstrated that the minimum cut density index increased by 54% in the pressure-applied direction. Similarly, the directional connectivity index showed a 39% improvement along the same axis. Additionally, the process resulted in increased mean structure thickness (representing the average local dimension of the ice matrix) and microstructural orthotropy of the experimental group. The findings herein provide a theoretical basis for optimizing snow compaction techniques in Antarctic snow engineering.

Abstract. As one of the fundamental mechanical properties of snow, the elastic modulus is critical to the design and construction of Antarctic snow runways and roads. While previous studies measured and investigated snow’s elastic modulus through various experimental methods, the effects of vibratory treatment, a construction measure proven to enhance snow hardness, on the elastic modulus and the underlying mesoscale mechanism remain unexamined. This study investigates the vibration-induced effect on elastic modulus of compacted Antarctic snow near Zhongshan Station and the corresponding mesoscale mechanism. P-wave propagation experiments were conducted to measure the elastic modulus of vibrated and non-vibrated compacted Antarctic snow, and X-ray tomography imaging was employed to obtain the microstructures of vibrated and non-vibrated snow samples. Results show that for isothermal sintering of 48 hours at -10 °C, vibratory treatment increases the elastic modulus by 83.13 % while maintaining the snow density of 0.6 g/cm³ unchanged. At the mesoscale, vibratory treatment effectively homogenizes the pore space distribution within the ice matrix. Quantitative analysis revealed the following microstructural modifications: a 7.14 % decrease in the mean structure thickness accompanied by a 12.41 % reduction in the standard deviation, a 13.68 % decrease in the mean pore thickness with a more pronounced 30.43 % decline in the standard deviation, an 18.82 % elevation in the minimum cut density, and a 2.09 % enhancement in the directional connectivity. The findings provide theoretical support for rapid construction techniques of Antarctic snow runways and roads.

This study examines the trends and interannual variability of extreme precipitation in Antarctica, using six decades (1963–2023) of daily precipitation data from Russia’s Novolazarevskaya Station in East Antarctica. The results reveal declining trends in both the annual number of extreme precipitation days and the total amount of extreme precipitation, as well as a decreasing ratio of extreme to total annual precipitation. These trends are linked to changes in northward water vapor flux and enhanced downward atmospheric motion. The synoptic pattern driving extreme precipitation events is characterized by a dipole of negative and positive height anomalies to the west and east of the station, respectively, which directs southward water vapor flux into the region. Interannual variability in extreme precipitation days shows a significant correlation with the Niño 3.4 index during the austral winter semester (May–October). This relationship, weak before 1992, strengthened significantly afterward due to shifting wave patterns induced by tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. These findings shed light on how large-scale atmospheric circulation and tropical-extratropical teleconnections shape Antarctic precipitation patterns, with potential implications for ice sheet stability and regional climate variability.

Basal roughness is a crucial parameter for quantifying subglacial geomorphological landforms, which offers key insights into glacial geomorphic environments and ice sheet dynamics. Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) in East Antarctica covers approximately 15% of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, to date, understanding the relationship between subglacial geomorphology and ice flow in the PEL has remained limited. In this study, we used airborne ice radar data from the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) during the first five austral seasons and publicly available Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) Project North data to calculate a two-parameter spectral roughness index of the subglacial topography. We analyzed the relationship between the spatial distribution of basal roughness and the speed and direction of ice velocity, while classifying the regional roughness results into four different combinations. We find that the subglacial environment in the PEL is more intricate than the one previously reported. The area near the polar record glacier (PRG) is characterized by locally rough geomorphology but fast ice flow. The beds in the slow ice flow area of PEL are characterized by both rough and flat landforms. Low-lying basins situated in the interior are of considerable interest because they may be characterized by preglacial active erosional landscapes.

A major subglacial lake, Lake Snow Eagle (LSE), was identified in East Antarctica by airborne geophysical surveys. LSE, contained within a subglacial canyon, likely hosts a valuable sediment record of the geological and glaciological changes of interior East Antarctica. Understanding past lake activity is crucial for interpreting this record. Here, we present the englacial radiostratigraphy in the LSE area mapped by airborne ice-penetrating radar, which reveals a localized high-amplitude variation in ice unit thickness that is estimated to be similar to 12 ka old. Using an ice-flow model that simulates englacial stratigraphy, we investigate the origin of this feature and its relationship to changes in ice dynamical boundary conditions. Our results reveal that local snowfall redistribution initiated around the early Holocene is likely the primary cause, resulting from a short-wavelength (similar to 10 km) high-amplitude (similar to 20 m) ice surface slope variation caused by basal lubrication over a large subglacial lake. This finding indicates an increase in LSE water volume during the Holocene, illustrating the sensitivity in volume of a major topographically constrained subglacial lake across a single glacial cycle. This study demonstrates how englacial stratigraphy can provide valuable insight into subglacial hydrological changes before modern satellite observations, both for LSE and potentially at other locations.

Inexpressible Island is an ice-free island located in Antarctica, characterized by a distribution of numerous thermokarst ponds, which serve as warning indicators of permafrost degradation, and their evolution can indirectly reveal local climate change. In this study, we explored changes in thermokarst ponds on Inexpressible Island over the period 1987-2023 using Landsat series dataset and Sentinel-2 data. Over the study period, the total pond area exhibited an 11.3% increase, with the lowest value recorded in 1990 and the highest in 2019. Cumulatively, 54 ponds were monitored during the period with their count rising from 37 in 1987 to 39 in 2023. Ponds were classified as either persistent or transient, the latter not continuously existing throughout the study period. Among the 22 persistent ponds, an overall increasing trend in their total area was observed, with most experiencing area augmentation. However, a few persistent ponds, situated in the higher elevations of the northwestern part of the island, exhibited a slight shrinkage. The number of transient ponds displayed considerable fluctuations, reaching its peak at 30 in 2018 and 2019, contrasting with only 5 transient ponds recorded in 1999. The occurrences of transient lake ponds varied, ranging from 2 to a maximum of 26. This study highlights the dominant influence of temperature on the monthly, seasonal, and long-term dynamics of these ponds, while precipitation significantly affected the short-term variations. Additionally, the melting of ice wedges and the subsequent seepage into thawed permafrost formations were identified as potential processes that may affect pond persistence and drainage.

In recent decades, radio-echo sounding (RES) has been extensively applied to study the flow and form of polar ice sheets. In certain regions within the ice sheet, the RES reveals a structure referred to as a 'basal unit', which differs from the overlying ice in terms of its characteristics, structure, and origin, and plays a significant role in the ice's rheology and flow dynamics. However, methods for detecting basal units in RES data are semi-quantitative and can lead to inconsistent identification. To address this issue, we propose an automatic ‘basal unit identification method’ based on signal feature and weight control. The method improves upon previous works in three aspects. 1) It simultaneously uses the signal and image features of RES and reduces inaccuracies associated with image analysis. 2) This method assigns weight to signal features that are affected by particle concentrations consistent with backscattering in basal units, reduces the interference of concentration on signal characteristics, and improves the ability to identify basal unit. 3) It provides weights related to signal feature recognition and calculates a composite recognition result that automatically identifies basal units. To validate the method’s effectiveness, we applied it to airborne RES data collected in recent years from the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (GSM) and Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) regions in East Antarctica. A comparative analysis of the new method and previous methods indicates more accurate basal unit identification due to stronger resistance to interference from particle concentrations consistent with backscattering.