Data from the General Social Survey are used to examine the political polarization in the United States, by examining presidential periods from 1972 to 2018. Our findings indicate that there has been an increased correlation between party identification and ideological identification, resulting in a steady shift towards the extremes. Furthermore, we explore how subjective wellbeing plays a role in driving this polarization. American politics is polarized between happy conservative Republicans and unhappy liberal Democrats. Oscillating in the “happiness gap” between these extremes are median voters whose happiness, low on average, falls the longer in power the party of the opposing ideology. It is the rise and fall of median voters’ unhappiness that drives the regime change between the two major political parties in the United States.

Urban theory is reinterpreted within the framework of the theory of complexity, the initial stage of which argues that self-organized structure emerges in entropic systems when they are stressed to perform useful work. Space is patterned and rhythmic interactions and behaviors emerge in time. If stress increases the rhythms become irregular and the systems chaotic; seemingly random outcomes emerge when the causal mechanisms are deterministic nonlinear. Any semblance of coherency vanishes when there are further increases in stress; chaos gives way to turbulence, the hallmark of complexity. Most urban theorizing deals with the pre-chaotic. Only recently has attention been paid to fully developed complexity, chaos, and the forms of self-organized order that motivate this theory.

During the Reagan Revolution, a significant gender gap emerged, accompanied by an urban–rural schism in party preference by gender, one manifestation of the nation’s widening urban–rural divide. Using the General Social Survey (GSS) data from 1972 to 2018, we explore this urban–rural schism in party preference by running several ordinary least squares models and specifications. Controlling for individuals’ traits, we find that differences in the preference for governmental action to address social problems lie at the heart of this gender gap and are further explained by location. Urban women are far more likely than urban men to call for the government to solve problems of income inequality; rural women, like rural men, are much more likely to emphasize individual responsibility and self-sufficiency.

This article examines residential segregation by skin color in forty of the largest metropolitan areas in Brazil, using census tract data from the 2010 Brazilian census. Residential dissimilarity among whites, browns, and blacks is moderate to low by US standards, and residential segregation correlates positively with socioeconomic status. By contrasting our findings with results from the 1980 Brazilian census, we observe that in thirty years, residential segregation decreased significantly in many metropolitan areas, particularly white-brown and brown-black dissimilarities. We speculate as to why these changes should have occurred.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los determinantes de la productividad laboral en México a nivel estatal durante el período 2003-2016 usando datos anuales. La técnica GMM es utilizada para estimar un modelo de regresión espacial de datos panel. La especificación del modelo incluye una matriz espacial (W), el rezago espacial de la variable dependiente (ρ), el rezago espacial de los residuales (λ), y el uso de variables instrumento para reducir la endogenidad de la variable violencia. Los resultados indican que la crímenes asociados con el tráfico de drogas producen un efecto negativo en la productividad laboral. Así también, la violencia en estados contiguos produce efectos spillover en la producción por trabajador en un estado en específico. La inversion pública tiene un efecto positivo y significativo en la productividad laboral mientras que la crisis financiera durante el período 2008-2009 produce un efecto negativo.

In this chapter, the author describes the nature of his dissatisfaction with the state of inference in statistical geography. He proposes that geographic explanation be viewed as dealing with the antecedents and consequences of environmental and locational decision-making in which man is viewed as "an information-processing, decision-making, cybernetic machine whose value systems are built up by feedback processes from his environment. Geography has been characterized as a "mosaic within a mosaic", essentially pluralistic because of the persistence of a variety of strands arising from diverse origins and changing philosophies. Process metaphysics, the basis of process metageography, has been present in Western thought at least from the time of the Greeks. Change processes are always problematical in that they necessarily involve challenges to the organizing elements of legitimacy, formal procedures and institutionalized patterns of behavior. This implies that to identify change processes one must have a basis for sensing shifts—a known starting point in the reiterative patterns of existing processes.

The thesis of this paper is that as Islam was freed from Ottoman control after World War I, as Muslim states achieved their independence after World War II, and as massive Muslim migration to the West occurred, long-wave crises replaced colonial expansion as the trigger for jihad.The surges of new jihadist organizations emerged in two clusters, the first in the crisis years during and after the 1980-1981 long-wave peak and the second during the 2007-2011 long-wave trough.Such long-wave crises now are perceived by jihadists to be the onset of the Tribulation, the period when hardships and disaster afflict the world, signaling the imminent second coming of the Mahdi (Messiah) who will cleanse the world.The surges of jihadism thus now have to be understood to be newlyacquired manifestations of the global long-wave dynamic.

Following the implementation of the Lei das Cotas (Affirmative Action Law) in Brazil, there has been debate as to whether students who were admitted through affirmative action perform at the same level as students admitted through traditional methods. This article examines the results of the Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE) from 2009 to 2012 to determine whether there is a relationship between students’ performance at the university level and the manner of their admittance. We find that students admitted to public universities under affirmative action perform at similar levels to students who were not, whereas quota students in private universities perform slightly better than students admitted through traditional methods.

The synthesis of research on colonial America by Earle (1992) and independent America by Berry (1991) results in identification of the seven long Kondratieff waves that have unfolded since initial settlement in the early seventeenth century and the 'Great Recession' of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Earle's three colonial long waves have the same timing as those of industrializing and industrial America, documented by Berry.

This paper explores the working hours-happiness relationship of Latinos living in the United States and compares it with that of the host society. We find that immigrant Latinos have adopted American work-happiness relationships while having lower levels of subjective well-being. Acculturation plays an important role not only with respect to work attitudes, but also to social status, and it is the latter that affects the well-being of Latinos of color. Future quality-of-life research needs to analyze whether the dichotomy between work attitude and social status will persist or whether this vibrant and increasing group of immigrants who are so vital to the U.S. economy will both adapt to host society values and begin to introduce positive change in those values in a society where multiculturalism is on the rise.

This paper analyzes the consequences of peer victimization for the satisfaction with schooling (“happiness”) of college-bound high school graduates in Brazil. Several types of victimization are explored including discrimination due to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, and disability. We compare the satisfaction with their schooling of students planning to head to college straight from high school and older students applying for college later in life (“nontraditional students”). We conclude that students who perceived that they had been discriminated against were more dissatisfied with their school experience than those who did not, ceteris paribus, and we relate level of dissatisfaction to type of discrimination. The older student evidence reveals that this dissatisfaction wanes with time and age, however. Our conclusions are based upon ordered logistic analyses of data for 2.4 million current high school seniors and 78.7 thousand older students drawn from the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio questionnaire (ENEM).

This paper compares the life satisfaction and working hours of Latin Americans and U.S. Americans using the AmericasBarometer and General Social Survey. While there are many common determinants of happiness, hours worked is not among them. Differences in cultural values, especially the distinction between collectivism (familism) and individualism that has long been a foundation of social development theory, may be why married Latin American males are less happy than married U.S. American males when working longer hours. The distinction is not apparent among females or the unmarried.

Each long wave peak has been followed by a cluster of paradigm-shifting innovations that transform every aspect of work and life. We expect that the next peak of c. 2036 will also be followed by a decade-long cluster of innovatory changes in energy sources and use, artificial intelligence and robotics, widespread use of virtual realities, usage of block-chaining, and laying the foundations for a new age of exploration into and beyond the solar system.

Data from the World Values Survey and AmericasBarometer are used in ordinal logistic models to evaluate life satisfaction in rural and urban areas in Latin America. Our findings indicate that, unlike the United States, in Latin America there is no evidence of rural–urban happiness differences. In Latin America familism is the key driving force, aspatial and transcending location.

In the course of the investigation, five background papers, four large maps, a set of tables classifying the counties of the U. S. into functional economic areas, and a final report were issued. At the time this paper was being written, a few copies of the papers and reports were still obtainable from the Bureau of the Census. Copies of the maps are now being circulated for inspection by members of the audience. A final monograph will be published by the Bureau of the Census early in 1968. The tentative title is Metropolitan Area Definition: A Reevaluation of Concept and Statistical Practice.Paralleling the contents of the monograph, in this paper I will first review briefly the history of statistical definition of metropolitan areas in the United States, the major types of criticisms of the criteria used to define Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in 1960, principal results of a study of the small -area journey -to -work data collected in the twenty -five per cent sample of 1960, and implications of these results for definition of statistical areas in the future.

Book Review| May 01 2015 Utopian Movements and Ideas of the Great Depression: Dreamers, Believers, and Madmen Utopian Movements and Ideas of the Great Depression: Dreamers, Believers, and Madmen. By Donald W. Whisenhunt. Lexington Books, 2013. 200 pages. $60.00 cloth; $35.99 Kindle. Brian J. L. Berry Brian J. L. Berry University Of Texas At Dallas Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nova Religio (2015) 18 (4): 133–135. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.4.133 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Brian J. L. Berry; Utopian Movements and Ideas of the Great Depression: Dreamers, Believers, and Madmen. Nova Religio 1 May 2015; 18 (4): 133–135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.4.133 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNova Religio Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The Regents of the University of California2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Data from a national survey of formerly landless peasants residing in federal land-reform settlements in Brazil (Pesquisa Nacional de EducacAo na Reforma AgrariaPNERA) confirm that the Landless Rural Workers Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-TerraMST) has been far more successful than other settlement movements in assuring a better quality of life for its members. This superior performance is attributed to an organizational structure that demands and assures membership involvement, and a commitment to participatory education in an environment that fosters and supports MST's goals and objectives. MST's members have higher self-perceived social status than members of non-MST movements, have better residential environments and more material possessions, and experience an education that emphasizes the movement's principles of social justice, radical democracy, and humanist and socialist values.

Geographical AnalysisVolume 46, Issue 3 p. 334-335 Book Review The New Science of Cities by Michael Batty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013, 518 pp. Brian J. L. Berry, Brian J. L. Berry School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasSearch for more papers by this author Brian J. L. Berry, Brian J. L. Berry School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 July 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12042Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References Batty, M. (2013). “A Theory of City Size.” Science 340, 1418–1419. Bettencourt, L. (2013). “The Origins of Scaling in Cities.” Science 340, 1438–1441. Coleman, J. (1972). “Systems of Social Exchange.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 2, 145–163. Hayes, B. (2013). “The Math of Segregation.” American Scientist 101, 338–340. Citing Literature Volume46, Issue3July 2014Pages 334-335 ReferencesRelatedInformation