Globally accelerating fish introductions and fisheries expansion in lacustrine ecosystems have imposed severe threats to endemic fish populations and ecological structures. Quantifying food web architecture and niche enables rigorous evaluation of invasive fishes’ roles in impacting endemic communities and their cascading ecosystem effects. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of producers and consumers was combined using MixSIAR model to quantify the proportional contributions of basal carbon sources in Fuxian Lake. The trophic position estimation incorporated the carbon-source-weighted δ15N baselines, accounting for isotopic variability in source materials. Multidimensional datasets (carbon source contributions, trophic positions, isotopic niches, and life-history traits) were integrated to quantify the ecological impacts exerted by invasive species on endemic Anabarilius grahami populations. Results indicated pelagic carbon sources dominated (57.8

Urban agglomerations are key drivers of regional socioeconomic development,yet they also maintain ecosystem health(EH).Coordinating urbanization(UR)with EH is vital for sustainable development.However,the local and telecoupling(LTC)dynamics and their driving mechanisms remain understudied,particularly in plateau-mountain areas.Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomera-tion(CYUA)in China,a typical plateau-mountain urban agglomeration,as a case study,we employed the Local and Telecoupling Co-ordination Degree(LTCCD)model and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)to analyze UR and EH coordina-tion and identify driving mechanisms from 2000 to 2020.Our results reveal significant spatial dependence between UR and EH,with UR exerting a negative spillover effect on EH.The bivariate Moran's I strengthened from-0.176 in 2000 to-0.212 in 2020,highlight-ing the need for an LTC framework.The LTCCD improved overall but exhibited spatiotemporally uneven patterns;UR lagging behind EH remained the dominant type,while core urban areas showed EH lagging behind UR,accompanied by localized LTCCD declines.Socioeconomic factors initially drove coordination,but their influence declined as ecological factors became more significant.Policy played a crucial role in guiding LTC development paths.The land system served as the key spillover medium,facilitating telecoupling coordinated development.This study provides insights into UR-EH interactions and their driving mechanisms,offering a reference for human-environment harmonization and sustainable development in plateau-mountain regions.

Vogesella strains, which belong to the family Chromobacteriaceae, have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to synthesize indigoidine. However, due to the limited number of available strains, research on the ecological functions of this genus remains insufficient. In the last few years, 18 Vogesella strains were isolated from the freshwater environments and 8 of them have been reported by us in 2023. The remaining 10 Vogesella strains (Dicai11T, DSH15T, FXH17T, FXH30, FXH49, Huaxi11, Huaxi14, Ji36T, YLH38T and YLH41) were subjected to detailed comparative analysis with other Vogesella strains in this study. Phylogenetic comparisons using 16S rRNA gene sequences and publicly available genomes indicated that currently known Vogesella strains form five distinct clades. Strain FXH17T represented an independent clade (clade 1) in the phylogenomic tree. Strains Dicai11T and Ji36T isolated from the alpine lakes also represented an independent clade (clade 4). Strains DSH15T, FXH49, YLH38T and YLH41 formed a clade with Vogesella urethralis, Vogesella aquatica, Vogesella perlucida and Vogesella mureinivorans (clade 3). The ANI, dDDH and AAI analyses further showed that strains FXH30 and Huaxi14 should belong to the species Vogesella indigofera, and strains FXH49, Huaxi11 and YLH41 should belong to the species V. urethralis, Vogesella margarita and V. perlucida, respectively. The ANI and dDDH values between each of strains Dicai11T, DSH15T, FXH17T, Ji36T and YLH38T and each of the other tested strains were all less than 94.4

The large-scale expansion of urban land in the context of rapid urbanization has led to significant changes in surface structures， which is a major cause of the degradation of global ecosystem structure and functions. Understanding the comprehensive impacts of urban expansion driven by human activities on ecosystems is crucial for maintaining regional ecosystem health and achieving sustainable development. This study focuses on the central Yunnan urban agglomeration， utilizing land use data from 1990， 2000， 2010， and 2020 to measure the scale， intensity， type， and landscape pattern of urban land expansion. The dynamic evolution of urban expansion over the past 30 years is examined， and an evaluation framework of "vitality-organizational strength-resilience" is developed to assess ecosystem health. Additionally， geographic detector techniques are employed to reveal the impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem health. The results showed that： ① The urban expansion of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration exhibited distinct phases， with multiple expansion types coexisting. The landscape pattern changes across different cities were varied， and the degree of expansion clustering was increasing. The core city， Kunming， primarily experienced infill expansion， while other major cities showed characteristics of edge and enclave expansion. ② The overall health of the urban agglomeration's ecosystem improved， with the highest change in ecosystem health observed in Honghe Prefecture （12.55%）， followed by Chuxiong Prefecture （12.42%）， with the lowest in Kunming （7.11%）. ③ The patch shape index of urban land was the most significant driver of changes in ecosystem health in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration. The combined effect of expansion intensity and patch shape index resulted in the most substantial disturbances to ecosystem health.

Alpine lakes are characterized by low temperatures, oligotrophic conditions and intense UV radiation, yet diverse microorganisms have adapted to these freshwater environments, including numerous novel species. Exploration of these microbial resources is valuable for the development of psychrophilic and antioxidant enzymes. During the investigation of microbial resources from alpine lakes in Southwest China, four novel strains belong to the order Neisseriales were isolated. Combining with ANI, AAI, GTDB and phylogenomic analyses, the isolated strain Ping39 is determined to represent a novel genus, strain Ping41 is a novel species of genus Chitinimonas, and strains Xuan44 and Ping43 should represent another novel genus. All four strains should belong to the family Chitinimonadaceae, which should represent an independent family, not the synonym of Chitinibacteraceae. Accordingly, the formal names Alpilimnamonas aquatica gen. nov., sp. nov., Chitinimonas yunnanensis sp. nov., Montilacimonas oligotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Montilacimonas longa sp. nov. are proposed for these four strains, respectively. Though the taxonomy of order Neisseriales has been revised in recent years, several taxonomic problems still exist. The taxonomic assignments of the Neisseriales strains whose genomes are available are all re-examined. For instance, Aquella oligotrophica should represent a new order of class Betaproteobacteria. The genus Rivihabitans should represent a new family Rivihabitansaceae. Both genera Microvirgula and Laribacter should belong to a new family Microvirgulaceae. The genera Craterilacuibacter and Crenobacter should be reassigned to the family Chromobacteriaceae. The paraphyletic and polyphyletic relationships within the genera Chitinimonas, Crenobacter, Paludibacterium, kingella and Neisseria have also been resolved. Prolinoborus fasciculus and Vitreoscilla filiformis should be reassigned to the genera Acinetobacter and Ideonella, respectively. Especially, P. fasciculus is the synonym of Acinetobacter lwoffii. The AAI thresholds for family (63.2-68.1 %) and genus (67.6-77.4 %) delineation within order Neisseriales are also proposed, respectively. Our study contributes to establishment of a more reliable taxonomic framework within order Neisseriales and broaden the knowledge about the family Chitinimonadaceae.

Phytoplankton are primary bio-indicators of riverine ecosystem functioning, however, their robustness in turbid, fragmented systems remains poorly characterized. This study investigates spatiotemporal dynamics of phytoplankton community composition, biomass, and diversity in the Upper Red River, China, a system defined by sediment overloads and cascading dams. Seasonal field campaigns aim to evaluate the influence of hydro-physical filters (temperature, discharge and turbidity) alongside nutrient forcing. Results reveal a seasonal pattern in phytoplankton biomass, with higher levels during the dry season of lower temperatures. This is likely driven by increased water retention time and hydrological stability in dammed reaches, which appears to facilitate biomass accumulation despite lower nutrient concentrations. During the wet season, extreme turbidity and elevated flow suggest that light limitation and hydraulic flushing may override nutrient availability as primary regulators of biological metrics. Under these conditions, phytoplankton exhibit shifts in Chl-a/biomass ratios consistent with physiological strategies maximizing light-harvesting efficiency in low-light environments. We suggest that metrics like Chl-a can be unreliable indicators of total biomass in turbid environments, as their correlation is affected by community compositional shifts and potential physiological pigment adjustments. Observations indicate that the wet-season flood pulse enhances longitudinal homogenization, acting as a potential reset mechanism temporarily restoring the riverine continuum and mitigating serial discontinuity due to cascading dams. These findings point toward the flow regime as a major determinant of ecological structure in sediment-laden rivers. Effective monitoring of fragmented corridors may benefit from hydro-ecologically integrated indicators like pigment-to-biomass ratios and hydrology-based metrics, rather than over-reliance on nutrient-biomass paradigms.

Global freshwater ecosystems are experiencing widespread ecological degradation and biodiversity loss, creating an urgent need for robust ecological health assessment frameworks. Traditional assessment approaches typically rely on a single taxonomic group, limiting their ability to capture ecosystem degradation because different biological groups exhibit taxon-specific responses and temporal lags to environmental changes. Based on environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, we developed a multitrophic index of biotic integrity (IBIm) to assess ecological health by integrating bacteria, fungi, eukaryotic algae, and invertebrates of 40 shallow lakes in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin, China. The effectiveness of the IBIm was supported by its strong associations with environmental gradients and its sensitivity to declines in β-diversity. Compared to single-taxon IBIs, the IBIm showed stronger correlations with multiple physicochemical variables, including dissolved oxygen and ammonia. In addition, lower IBIm values were associated with reduced local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) across multiple biological groups, indicating a loss of local community uniqueness under degradation. Lake health assessments based on IBIm were more stringent than those based on the water quality index (WQI): only 37.5% of lakes were classified as "Good" by IBIm, compared with 82.5% by WQI. The IBIm framework bridges practical biomonitoring with ecological interpretation of freshwater degradation and provides a promising tool for ecosystem monitoring and management under global change.

Janthinobacterium strains, which belong to the family Oxalobacteraceae, have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to synthesize violacein and degrade polyphenols. Wild alpine rhododendrons dominate the mountainous vegetation in southwestern China, and their leaf litter decomposition contributes to humification in alpine lakes. The Janthinobacterium strains may play a key role in the decomposition of these leaf litters. In 2025, metagenomic approaches combined with isolation and cultivation methods were applied to investigate microbial resources in stacked decayed leaves from these alpine lakes. The predominant phyla are Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota with the relative abundances of 47.9% and 39.9%, respectively. The relative abundance of genus Janthinobacterium is only 0.1% in the community, but 11 Janthinobacterium strains were isolated. Based on the ANI and phylogenomic analyses, strains Du111 and Du118 should represent a novel species, for which the name Janthinobacterium foliorum sp. nov. is proposed. The ANI and AAI values between Janthinobacterium aestuarii and Janthinobacterium violaceum are 95.5% and 97.1%, respectively, implying that the recent proposed J. violaceum is the synonym of J. aestuarii. Comparative genomic analyses further reveal that not each of Janthinobacterium strains could produce violacein and prodigiosin, but most Janthinobacterium strains have the potential for participating in the decomposition of lignin and cellulose. This study clarifies the novel role of Janthinobacterium strains, showing that the isolated strains do not represent a novel taxonomic species but have adapted to the alpine microenvironment associated with Rhododendron leaf litter.

Thermal and nutrient fluctuations are known to determine ecological structure in shallow lakes. However, their forcing on algal assembly in large and deep lakes remains largely unclear in subtropical regions. Here, a monthly survey was conducted in 2015 to examine the mechanisms for epilimnetic diatom assembly across 16 sites of Fuxian Lake in subtropical China. In this deep system (maximum depth 158.9 m), there existed a clear seasonality in the dominant diatoms, shifting from colonial Fragilaria crotonensis (January-February) to heavily silicified Aulacoseira granulata (March-April), before small-sized Pantocsekiella ocellata predominated (> 50 %) from May to December when thermal stability was strong. While species turnover over time was notable (2.07 +/- 0.18 SD, n = 16) and driven by nutrient and thermal factors (55.0 % variance), spatial species turnover was lower (1.10 +/- 0.22 SD, n = 12), and nutrient and thermal factors explained much less variance (14.3 %). Specifically, temperature and nutrients independently explained 24.1 % and 17.6 % of the temporal variation, respectively, with a strong interaction (13.3 %). Structural equation modeling (SEM) further suggested that strong thermal stability, enhanced by rising temperature and reduced wind speed, may have significantly shaped diatom assembly. Additionally, rising stability was associated with decreased epilimnetic nutrient concentrations, possibly due to a weaker exchange with bottom-water, which can inhibit diatoms with high nutrient demands. Overall, our in situ observational evidence indicates that thermal stability governs seasonal succession of diatom communities and also interacts with fluctuating nutrients, suggesting that continued warming may seasonally enhance lake-water thermal stability and intensify species turnover in deep subtropical lakes.

Due to the lack of available genomes for all species in the genus Rhizobacter, the taxonomic status of this genus is still unclear at present. In this study, the genomes of all species in the genus Rhizobacter were sequenced and phylogenomic analyses clearly indicated that this genus should belong to the family Sphaerotilaceae. The Rhizobacter species, Piscinibacter species and Ideonella sakaiensis formed an intermingled cluster in the phylogenomic trees, implying that the taxonomic status of some taxa was ambiguous. Notably, Piscinibacter gummiphilus, Piscinibacter koreensis and Piscinibacter terrae formed a tight clade with Rhizobacter species in the phylogenomic trees. P. gummiphilus originated from the reclassification of Rhizobacter gummiphilus in 2022. The AAI value between P. gummiphilus and Rhizobacter dauci was 81.3%, which exceeded the established Sphaerotilaceae-specific thresholds for genus delineation, supporting the restoration of P. gummiphilus to the genus Rhizobacter. The similar genotypic characteristics and close phylogenetic relationships among P. koreensis, P. terrae and Rhizobacter species also supported the transfer of both species to the genus Rhizobacter. In contrast, I. sakaiensis exhibited a distinct phylogenetic position whether in the 16S rRNA gene tree or phylogenomic trees. Its G+C content was 72.9%, which was significantly higher than that of Rhizobacter and Piscinibacter species. Only I. sakaiensis harboured both poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolase and mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate hydrolase simultaneously. Considering its unique degradation ability for poly(ethylene terephthalate) and genotypic characteristics, it was reasonable to reclassify this species as Pseudideonella sakaiensis gen. nov., comb. nov.

As primary producers in lake ecosystems, phytoplankton mediate aquatic carbon and nitrogen cycling, with stable isotope signatures archived in their biomass‌ serving as sensitive tracers of climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts on biogeochemical processes. Through comprehensive analysis of phytoplankton carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures across nine Yunnan plateau lakes (2017-2022), we reveal divergent regulatory mechanisms under coupled environmental stressors. The isotopic discrimination of phytoplankton carbon isotope, driven by both growth rate and inorganic carbon pool changes, exhibits temperature sensitivity (+0.43 ‰/ °C), showing monsoon-modulated seasonal patterns where warming enhances 13C enrichment in lacustrine organic matter, potentially reshaping ‌elemental carbon partitioning under climate change. Phytoplankton nitrogen isotope signatures reveal nonlinear responses to watershed urbanization (population density, built-up area), with isotopic deviations from watershed soil nitrogen isotope baselines tracking anthropogenic nitrogen sources (e.g., 15N-depleted agricultural fertilizers vs. 15N-enriched sewage inputs). Projected intensification under climate warming and accelerated urbanization may further amplify dual-isotope (13C and 15N) imprints within lacustrine carbon-nitrogen coupling.‌ Crucially, the dual enrichment of 13C and 15N isotopes elevates baseline signatures at primary trophic levels while reducing energy transfer efficiency via isotope-specific zero-point vibrational effects. These isotope-mediated dynamics decode synergistic interactions between climate variability and human-driven perturbations, establishing an isotopic toolkit for diagnosing carbon-nitrogen coupling and guiding adaptive watershed governance in fragile plateau ecosystems.

Study Region: The Northern Tianshan Urban Agglomeration, an oasis-dominated corridor along the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains in arid north-west China, combines alpine catchments, irrigated plains, and rapidly expanding cities. Sharp gradients in climate, topography, and land use make it an ideal natural laboratory for examining how ecosystem services (ESS) respond to coupled natural-human pressures. Study Focus: We quantified the spatio-temporal dynamics (2003-2023) of five key ESS-water yield, soil retention, food supply, habitat quality, and carbon storage-using multi-source remote sensing and the InVEST model. An integrated ESS supply index (ESSD) captured trade-offs and synergies, while boosted regression trees (BRT) revealed nonlinear marginal effects and critical thresholds in 15 natural and anthropogenic drivers. New Hydrological Insights for the Region: Mean ESSD remained > 0.95, clustering in mountain-urban-oasis ecotones. Between 2003 and 2023, water yield and soil retention declined by 45.2 % and 54.5 %, and habitat quality by 6.1 %, whereas food supply rose by 120.5 % and carbon storage stayed stable (+0.64 %). Habitat quality and carbon storage were strongly synergistic (r = 0.88-0.90), while food supply showed a persistent trade-off with soil retention (r = -0.08 to -0.09). NDVI dominated system behaviour (75.31 %), with marginal effects plateauing above 0.88. Thresholds emerged for PET (similar to 400 mm), precipitation (250-500 mm), slopes > 20 degrees, elevations 2000-2500 m, GDP > 3467 yuan km(-)(2) and human-activity intensity (HAI) > 16; the last two triggered ESS decline. These thresholds guided delineation of three management zones and targeted spatial-optimisation measures, providing actionable guidance for sustainable planning of arid-region urban agglomerations.

The genus Undibacterium is an important member of Oxalobacteraceae and most species of this genus were isolated from freshwater environments. The recent study based on the genomic analyses revised the taxonomic status of 23 Undibacterium species and proposed that these species should be assigned into four genera (Undibacterium, Neoundibacterium, Affinundibacterium and Paraundibacterium), respectively. During the investigation of microbial resources inhabited in alpine lakes from the southwestern China in 2023, 25 strains show the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Undibacterium species were isolated. Utilizing the genomes of these 25 strains and 26 Undibacterium species, the phylogenies among these strains are reconstructed based on the core and pan-genome, respectively. The phylogenomic trees show that the 26 Undibacterium species should be divided into six clades and each clade should represent an independent genus. As the clades 2, 3, 4 and 5 proposed in this study have been revised in other study, the genera Cognatundibacterium and Pseudundibacterium are proposed in this study to accommodate the clades 1 and 6, respectively. The detailed genomic annotations reveal that all the 25 isolated Undibacterium-related strains harbor complete amino acids metabolisms and genes encoding DNA replication and repair, homologous recombination proteins, two-component and phosphate transport systems in response to the oligotrophic, high UV radiation and phosphorus-limited environments of alpine lakes. This study clarifies the role of Undibacterium-related strains in alpine lakes and demonstrates that isolating more strains is of great benefit to the bacterial taxonomy.

The Third Pole region, particularly the Tibetan Plateau, has drawn global attention due to its unique geographical features, critical ecological functions, and role as an indicator of global change. However, the ecological functions of the Tibetan Plateau are increasingly challenged by economic development, with Qinghai Province in China experiencing these impacts more prominently. This study investigates sustainable land-use planning for Qinghai by balancing ecological protection, agricultural production, and economic development across multiple scenarios. Specifically, we first estimated the future demand areas for land types using linear programming under multiple scenarios. Then, we downscaled the scenario-based demand to generate land use/cover maps for Qinghai in 2035, using the CLUE-S model while accounting for driving and restriction factors. Our results highlight the following key findings: The quantitative results of the study indicate that sacrificing agricultural production or economic development has an insignificant effect on promoting ecological development. Appropriate agricultural and economic development can help balance the trade-offs among ecological protection, agricultural production, and economic development. In this process, unused land, among all land types, is a pivotal focus in planning and a key factor for sustainable land use in the future. The results are expected to provide valuable scientific insights for spatial planning in Qinghai and contribute to the sustainable development of the Third Pole.

The Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle has an important strategic position in the development of China. However, its ecological security is facing potential risks, and there is an urgent need to evaluate the ecological status of the region. Based on the improved ecological footprint model and the prediction results of the PLUS model, the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle from 2012 to 2027 were analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) The total ecosystem service value of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle fluctuated and increased from 2012 to 2027. (2) From 2012 to 2027, the ecological footprint of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle first increased and then decreased, mainly due to changes in grassland and construction land. The ecological carrying capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle first increased and then decreased. (3) From 2012 to 2027, the ecological deficit areas in the whole region were mainly concentrated in the construction land in Chengdu and Chongqing, and the ecological deficit was consistent with the construction land expansion trend. Compared with the traditional ecological footprint model, the improved model had increased content based on the value of ecosystem services, which improved the accuracy of ecological status assessment for the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.

Understanding how the urban-rural gradient modulates vegetation dynamics under climate change and rapid urbanization is crucial for precise ecological management. However, existing research often uses coarse gradient classifications, while prevailing projection models are either limited by a lack of geospatial process simulation or constrained by the discrete-cell assumption, hindering their ability to capture the continuous nature of vegetation change. To address these challenges, this study adopts a six-zone urban-rural gradient classification (Natural-Agricultural-Rural-Suburban-Urban Expansion-Urban Core). Based on a systematic investigation of the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of NDVI in the Yangtze River Delta, the mixed-cell cellular automata (MCCA) framework is migrated and extended from discrete land use simulation to continuous NDVI simulation. For this purpose, a development probability calculation strategy that couples historical trends with the natural background is employed to project future NDVI trends. The results indicate that: (1) From 2000 to 2022, the overall NDVI in the Yangtze River Delta increased but exhibited a complex "U-shaped" spatial pattern along the urban-rural gradient, characterized by significant greening in the urban core and severe degradation in the urban expansion and suburban zones. Notably, the rural zone constituted the most extensive hotspot of vegetation degradation. (2) This pattern is shaped by a systematic shift in dominant drivers along the gradient and the dual role of socioeconomic factors, with the latter being closely linked to the planning orientations and land tenure systems in each gradient zone. (3) The adaptively modified MCCA model demonstrates its applicability, outperforming mainstream machine learning methods in both numerical accuracy and trend consistency, and is shown to be suitable for medium-to-short-term (approx. 10-12 years in this study) numerical projections and long-term trend analysis. (4) Future scenario projections for 2023-2035 show that, compared to the unstable SSP5-8.5 pathway, the SSP2-4.5 pathway, despite higher localized degradation risks, promises more robust ecological recovery, better aligning with the region's sustainability goals. This study not only deepens the understanding of vegetation dynamics in complex urban-rural systems but also validates the feasibility of the MCCA framework as an effective tool for NDVI simulation, offering a new perspective for the predictive simulation of medium-to-short-term vegetation NDVI. The findings provide critical scientific support for formulating spatially differentiated and precise ecological governance strategies in rapidly urbanizing regions.

Loess areas are prone and frequent areas of earthquake landslides. In order to obtain the detailed distribution of loess earthquake landslides, rapid identification of earthquake landslides in loess areas is necessary. The identification results of landslides reflect the development status and distribution of landslides, serving as the theoretical foundation for research on landslide safety, vulnerability, and management issues. Field investigation and remote sensing technology identification are two important means of landslide identification.However, the identification of landslides by field surveys alone consumes a great deal of human, material and financial resources. Relying only on sensing technology to identify landslides does not ensure the authenticity and reliability of the database.This research was an application of VGG-Unet network for automatic identification of loess earthquake landslides based on field survey landslide data.Firstly, according to some loess earthquake landslides investigated by the earthquake landslide research team of the College of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology in the field of Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the quantitative and qualitative analysis parameters for extracting loess earthquake landslides on the platform of satellite imagery by the visual interpretation method were accurately summarized. The quantitative analysis parameters were stratigraphy, topography, slope, slide length and slide width

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped and motile strains (FXH3WT, SHGZ20W and SMYT11WT) were isolated from freshwater environments in China. Comparisons based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains FXH3WT and SHGZ20W showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of about 99.6% to 'Luteimonas cellulosilyticus' MIC 1.5, and strain SMYT11WT showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.8% to Luteimonas fraxinea D4P002T, respectively. Observing the phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the species of genera Luteimonas and Lysobacter were not monophyletic and often mixed together. The further reconstructed phylogenomic tree and Genome Taxonomy Database also showed that the species of both genera were polyphyletic, implying that the current taxonomic status of the species of both genera was questionable. The calculated OrthoANIu, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid sequence identity (AAI) values supported that strains FXH3WT and SHGZ20W should belong to the same novel species and strain SMYT11WT should also represent an independent novel species. Combining the AAI values and phylogenomic analyses, the species of genera Luteimonas and Lysobacter should be reassigned to 12 genera (Luteimonas, Lysobacter, Cognatiluteimonas, Noviluteimonas, Pseudoluteimonas, Solilutibacter, Agrilutibacter, Cognatilysobacter, Marilutibacter, Novilysobacter, Montanilutibacter and Aerolutibacter). The AAI values 69.5-76.0% were also proposed as the Lysobacteraceae-specific thresholds for genus delineation. Strain SMYT11WT should represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas flava sp. nov. (type strains SMYT11WT=GDMCC 1.4275T=KCTC 8304T) is proposed. Strains FXH3WT and SHGZ20W should represent a novel species of a new genus Aquilutibacter rugosus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is FXH3WT (=GDMCC 1.4096T=KCTC 8154T).

Four Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile strains (LYT19WT, DXS22WT, DXS29WT and BYS139WT) were isolated from streams in China. All four strains showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the species of genus Ideonella. The calculated average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values among strains LYT19WT, DXS22WT, DXS29WT, BYS139WT and other closely related strains were less than 79.5, 22.5 and 74.0%, respectively, indicating that each of the four strains should represent an independent novel species. The further reconstructed phylogenomic tree showed that strains LYT19WT and DXS29WT clustered closely with Ideonella strains, but strains DXS22WT and BYS139WT formed an independent clade with Aquabacterium terrae and Aquabacterium pictum. Comparing with other Aquabacterium species, A. terrae and A. pictum harboured distinct physiological and genetic characteristics, so it was reasonable to propose a novel genus Pseudaquabacterium to accommodate A. terrae, A. pictum, DXS22WT and BYS139WT. The major fatty acids of the four strains contained C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c). The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminophospholipid. Combining above descriptions, strains LYT19WT and DXS29WT should represent two novel species of the genus Ideonella, for which the names Ideonella margarita sp. nov. (type strain LYT19WT=GDMCC 1.3205T=KCTC 92545T) and Ideonella lacteola sp. nov. (type strain DXS29WT=GDMCC 1.3207T=KCTC 92547T) are proposed, respectively. Strains DXS22WT and BYS139WT should represent two novel species of the new genus Pseudaquabacterium, for which the names Pseudaquabacterium inlustre sp. nov. (type strain DXS22WT=GDMCC 1.3206T=KCTC 92546T) and Pseudaquabacterium rugosum sp. nov. (type strain BYS139WT=GDMCC 1.3208T=KCTC 92548T) are proposed, respectively.