The composition of the order Miomoptera is considered at the family level, and the system of the family Permosialidae is revised. Keys are provided to families of the order and to genera and species of the family Permosialidae, with synonymies and unified diagnoses of the genera and species of Permosialidae. The composition of the family is shown to remain uniform through its entire time interval, with the type genus always prevalent, and the only one recorded at its start (late Kungurian) and finish (Triassic). The geographical distribution of Permosialidae is noteworthy: widespread over Angarida and confined to that region except for a unique record from Australia.

The composition of the family Permosialidae (Insecta: Palaeomanteida) from the Upper Permian deposits of Mongolia and Kazakhstan is revised. Permosialis postuma sp. nov. and P. virgata sp. nov. are described and P. mongolica (Storozhenko, 1992) comb. nov. (=Tologoptera mongolica Storozhenko, 1992) and Palaeomantopsis nana (Storozhenko, 1992) comb. nov. (=Tologoptera nana Storozhenko, 1992) are redescribed from the Wuchiapingian Bor-Tologoy fossil insect site in South Gobi Aimag, Mongolia. Permosialis frivolus (Storozhenko, 1991) is redescribed from the Changhsingian Karaungir locality in East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. P. triassica Novokshonov et Zhuzhgova is redescribed from the Ladinian or Carnian Dzhailoucho (Madygen) Lagerstätte in Kyrgyzstan. A new synonymy is established: Permosialis asiatica Martynova, 1961 = P. sibirica Martynova, 1961, syn. nov.

-The generic and species composition of Permosialidae (Insecta: Palaeomanteida) from the uppermost Lower and lower Middle Permian of European Russia is discussed. Permosialis defurcata Martynova, 1952, P. brevifurcata Martynova, 1952, P. bifasciata Martynov, 1933, P. cauleoides Martynova, 1952, P. marmorata Martynova, 1952, P. immaculata Martynova, 1952 and P. fasciata Martynova, 1952 (all from the Lower Kazanian of Soyana in the Arkhangelsk Region) are synonymized under P. paucinervis Martynov, 1928 from the coeval deposits of Tikhie Gory in Tatarstan. Permosialis quadriramosa Martynova, 1952 from Soyana is synonymized under Palaeomantopsis furcatella Martynov, 1928 from Tikhie Gory. Palaeomantopsis furcatella, Permosialis paucinervis, P. perfecta Martynova, 1952, and P. latiformis Martynova, 1952 (the latter two from Soyana) are redescribed. Permosialis vizzya sp. nov. from Upper Kungurian of the Vorgashor coal field and P. martynovae sp. nov. from Soyana are described as new.

A new representative of the family Mesorthopteridae (Insecta; Eoblattida), Mesoidelia rasnitsyni sp. nov., from the Madygen locality (Middle or Upper Triassic of Kyrgyzstan) is described, and changes in the composition of the family Mesorthopteridae in the Permian and Triassic are discussed.

The composition of the order Blattinopsida (Insecta) and plants in the later Early and early Middle Permian of the European Russia is reviewed. Glaphyrophlebia semipenna sp. nov. and G. glinka sp. nov. are described as new taxa from the Lower Permian of the Chekarda and Krasnaya Glinka localities in the Perm Region of Russia. A key to the genus Glaphyrophlebia is provided. Blattinopsida are hypothesized to feed on spores of heterosporous lycopodiophytes.

The major lineages of winged insects originated in the Carboniferous and most extant families stemmed 150 Ma later. Until now, no family from the Carboniferous was represented by a living species or by amber fossils, leaving a significant gap in our knowledge of early insects. Here, we report new phyloblattid cockroaches, previously known mainly from the Carboniferous, including an amber fossil with outstanding 3D preservation from around 100 Ma. They represent the longest-lasting cockroach lineage and offer an unprecedented window into the Palaeozoic evolution. Specimens from Cretaceous amber and from Permian sediments represent a new genus, revealing a singular example of persistent morphology among the fast-evolving cockroaches. Together with two new taxa from the intertrappean sediments of Russia, these confirm that this family survived the Permo-Triassic extinction and persisted 213 Ma, longer than any known (Carboniferous) insect family. The new fossils share characters with the two main lineages of living cockroaches, as well as mantises and termites, thus clarifying their divergence from Phyloblattidae or direcly descendant Liberiblattinidae.

New taxa of caddisflies, Pardoferusvitimicus gen. et sp. nov., Baissoferus elegans sp. nov. (Baissoferidae), Aniburia hirta gen. et sp. nov. (Calamoceratidae) and Juraphilopotamus heteroclitus sp. nov. (Philopotamidae), are described from the Aptian of Baissa in Transbaikalia. Baissoferus sinitsae is transferred to the genus Pardoferus. A key to species of Baissoferus is provided. The global distribution over time and space of fossil Calamoceratidae is reviewed.

New members of the family Geinitziidae (Insecta; Reculida) are described from the Permian and Triassic of Eurasia: Permoshurabia sukhonica sp. nov. from the Isady locality (Upper Permian of Russia, Severodvinian Stage), Shurabia minutissima sp. nov., Geinitziella rasnitsyni gen. et sp. nov. from the Madygen locality (Middle-Upper Triassic of Kyrgyzstan, Ladinian–Carnian Stage), and Shurabia izyumica sp. nov. from the Garazhovka locality (Upper Triassic of Ukraine, Norian Stage). Variations in the composition of Geinitziidae at the Permian–Triassic boundary are discussed.

The Recent webspinners (Embiida = Embioptera) comprise a small order of insects; there are about 400 species distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions (Miller et al., 2012). They are gregarious, living subsocially in galleries of fine silk which they spin from glands on their forelegs (Edgerly et al., 2002). The webspinner lineage is traceable back via Middle Cretaceous Sorellembiidae, Jurassic Sinembiidae and Late Permian–Triassic Alexarasniidae to the Early–Middle Permian Atactophlebiidae (Engel & Grimaldi, 2006; Huang & Nel, 2009; Shcherbakov, 2015).

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121340013

A new mischopterid speciesAspidothorax permianusSinitshenkova and Aristov, sp. nov. (family Aspidothoracidae) is described from the Klyuchiki locality. This is the first insect record from this site and the latest member of the family Aspidothoracidae, the known species of which come from Carboniferous deposits in West Europe. The structure of haustellate mouthparts is described for the first time for the family.

New taxa of the order Reculida (Insecta: Gryllones): imagines of Chauliodites babiy sp. nov. (family Chaulioditidae), Stegopterum kabalum sp. nov., S. pashka sp. nov., Permoshurabia tshasha sp. nov., Permuliercula chimaera gen. et sp. nov. (family Geinitziidae), Khosara ultima sp. nov. (family Liomopteridae), and Permotoma aba gen. et sp. nov. (family Skaliciidae) and a nymph of Tarakanikha satura gen. et sp. nov. (Gryllones incertae ordinis) have been described from the Upper Permian Babii Kamen' locality (the Vyatkian Stage of Russia). Description of Shurabia annosa Aristov, 2004 has been modified and the species has been assigned to the genus Geinitzia.

New representatives of the order Eoblattida (Insecta: Blattidea): Mesoblattogryllus palaeozoicus sp. nov., Protoblattogryllus sibiricus sp. nov., Babakhosara mediana gen. sp. nov. (Megakhosaridae family), Baharellinus vasilenkoi sp. nov., B. arctous sp. nov. (Blattogryllidae family) and Babala aba gen. et sp. nov. (Babalidae fam. nov.) were described from the Upper Permian of the Babii Kamen’ locality (Vyatkian Stage, Russia).

The revised and new paleontological data on tetrapods and insects from the Triassic stratons of the Korotaikha Depression are given. A new species of cockroaches (family Caloblattinidae), Taublatta yaga Aristov, sp. nov. is described from the lower subformation of the Nyadeita Formation (Lower Anisian) based on the forewing impression.

Changes in insect biodiversity in terms of the number of families throughout the history of the class are described. The results are compared with those published recently by other researchers and possible reasons for observed differences are discussed. The main stages in the evolution of insect diversity are recognized. The per-family rates of the appearance and extinction of families, the mean longevity of families existing during certain periods of the geological time, and the rates of renewal of entomofauna are considered.

New nymphs of the gryllones insects (Insecta; Gryllones) Iblatta attrepida gen. et sp. nov. (Eoblattida incertae sedis) and Tshekardushka artenatis gen. et sp. nov. (Reculida incertae sedis) from the Lower Permian Chekarda locality (Kungurian Stage of Russia) are described. The nymph of Czekardia blattoides Martynov, 1940 (Eoblattida incertae sedis) from Chekarda is redescribed.

New caddisflies, reculid and eoblattid insects from the Mesozoic of Asia are described. Caddisflies of the families Philopotamidae ( Mesoviatrix paradoxa gen. et sp. nov. and Kempia piotri gen. et sp. nov.) and Polycentropodidae ( Polylongevus eskovi gen. et sp. nov.) from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of the Kempendyai locality in Yakutia are described. A short review and comparison of fossil members in these families are provided. New Gryllones insects, Shurabia tanga sp. nov., Sauk batkenicus gen. et sp. nov. from the Sauk Tan’ga locality (Lower Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan), Say kirgizicus gen. et sp. nov. from the Shurab III locality (Reculida: Geinitziidae; Lower or Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan) Griphopteron iya sp. nov. (Eoblattida: Blattogryllidae) from Iya locality (Middle Jurassic of Russia) are described.