Many of the websites people depend on have owners whose interests are not fully aligned with their users. We address the root of this problem by presenting a reimagining of the web where sites are not owned at all but are instead collaboratively produced like Wikipedia articles. We call the system Social.Wiki because it supports the co-creation of interactive social sites, such as those for microblogging, messaging, dating, gaming, ride sharing, and so on. With off-the-shelf AI tools, people with little or no programming experience can edit these sites to better reflect the needs and preferences of their communities. Social.Wiki builds on ideas from collaborative malleable software systems such as Webstrates, but is designed for public participation rather than use only within small, trusted groups. To this end, Social.Wiki includes governance to mitigate conflict. To accommodate diverse governance preferences, our model of "plural governance" lets people independently choose the policies that determine which edits to a site they see. Social.Wiki also implements a granular security model to protect personal data in a malleable environment. Complementing the decentralized design and governance of Social.Wiki sites, both site edits and within-site data are stored on Graffiti, a decentralized infrastructure, decoupling the ownership of underlying servers from the ownership of sites. We evaluate Social.Wiki through case studies that demonstrate the range of sociotechnical structures it supports, as well as through deployments at a hackathon and in the wild.

Although Internet routing security best practices have recently seen auspicious increases in uptake, ISPs have limited incentives to deploy them. They are operationally complex and expensive to implement, provide little competitive advantage, and protect only against origin hijacks, leaving unresolved the more general threat of path hijacks. We propose a new approach that achieves four design goals: improved incentive alignment to implement best practices; protection against path hijacks; expanded scope of such protection to customers of those engaged in the practices; and reliance on existing capabilities rather than needing complex new software in every participating router. Our proposal leverages an existing coherent core of interconnected ISPs to create a zone of trust, a topological region that protects not only all networks in the region, but all directly attached customers of those networks. Customers benefit from choosing ISPs committed to the practices, and ISPs thus benefit from committing to the practices. We compare our approach to other schemes, and discuss how a related proposal, ASPA, could be used to increase the scope of protection our scheme achieves. We hope this proposal inspires discussion of how the industry can make practical, measurable progress against the threat of route hijacks in the short term by leveraging institutionalized cooperation rooted in transparency and accountability.

Differential privacy (DP) is a privacy-enhancing technology that is increasingly being used by policy makers in the United States and Europe, but it is not well suited to protect corporate proprietary information that is used to produce some kinds of aggregate industrywide statistics.

As the speeds of residential consumer Internet access services continue to increase (especially in the download direction), speed is becoming less of a barrier to satisfactory Internet service. Attention is now moving to other measures of quality for access services, including latency and its dynamic variation (jitter), and packet loss. The objective of this paper is to present data on actual measured latency and jitter in the Internet today, based on measurements from five different measurement platforms. We have two goals for this paper. First, we relate the results to possible impact on user Quality of Experience (QoE). Second, and equally important, these comparisons let us uncover limitations and inconsistencies in the various measurement methods, and point out barriers to accurate data collection.

Differential Privacy (DP) is a powerful technology, but not well-suited to protecting corporate proprietary information while computing aggregate industry-wide statistics. We elucidate this scenario with an example of cybersecurity management data, and consider an alternative approach that relies on a pragmatic assessment of harm to add noise to the data.

The strategy is focussed on these skills and technologies where the UK has existing strengths Used wisely, the investment outlined in the strategy could make a significant difference to the sector A number of funding streams already exist Support for existing infrastructure offers reduced risk in expanding the sector Funds for scale-up are difficult to access.

We investigate a novel approach to the use of jitter to infer network congestion using data collected by probes in access networks. We discovered a set of features in jitter and jitter dispersion —a jitter-derived time series we define in this paper—time series that are characteristic of periods of congestion. We leverage these concepts to create a jitter-based congestion inference framework that we call Jitterbug. We apply Jitterbug's capabilities to a wide range of traffic scenarios and discover that Jitterbug can correctly identify both recurrent and one-off congestion events. We validate Jitterbug inferences against state-of-the-art autocorrelation-based inferences of recurrent congestion. We find that the two approaches have strong congruity in their inferences, but Jitterbug holds promise for detecting one-off as well as recurrent congestion. We identify several future directions for this research including leveraging ML/AI techniques to optimize performance and accuracy of this approach in operational settings.

Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Add Paper to My Library Share: Permalink Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely Copy URL Understanding the Metrics of Internet Broadband Access: How Much Is Enough? 30 Pages Posted: 3 Aug 2022 See all articles by David D. ClarkDavid D. ClarkMIT CSAILSara WedemanMassachusetts Institute of Technology - CSAIL Date Written: August 1, 2022 Abstract Typical offerings of wireline broadband access are tiered according to the maximum speed the user will be able to achieve. Speed tiers have emerged as an approach to segment the market, but leave consumers with a puzzle. What speed tier will be sufficient for their needs?A recent law now requires that providers of broadband access describe their product offerings in a uniform way, using a format that is modeled on a nutrition label. The labeling includes a specification of pricing, and also several performance parameters, in particular downstream and upstream speeds, latency and packet loss rates. The implication of giving this information to consumers is that the consumer will be able to make sense of it. However, in our view these numbers will just increase the degree of puzzlement, because there is no context to interpret them. Measures of technical performance can only be understood in the context of their impact of the quality of the user experience. One element of a real nutrition label that is missing from the proposed broadband nutrition label is an analog to the Daily Value (DV), which allows the purchaser of a food product to roughly compare the nutritional value of the product to their overall daily requirements. Without some companion to the broadband nutrition label that gives consumers some baseline against which to compare the numbers, we think the reporting of performance numbers may do more harm than good. We believe that the FCC, which is responsible for the design of the broadband nutrition label, must augment the broadband label with some analog to the DV, which we call the Satisfactory Service Level, or SSL. The reported values, to be effective, should be simple enough for consumers to understand, meaningful, and independently verifiable. In this paper, we draw on data about application performance, including models of application requirements and actual measurements of performance, to shed light on the question of "how much is enough". Our goal is to give some insight, in a form useful to non-technical readers, of how to interpret metrics such as latency, and suggest how an SSL might be structured. We explain why the answer to the question of "how much is enough" is not always simple, and suggest how the FCC might balance the objectives of simplicity, providing meaningful information, and allow independent verification. Keywords: Internet performance, broadband, internet measurement, network neutrality, latency, congestion Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation Clark, David D. and Wedeman, Sara, Understanding the Metrics of Internet Broadband Access: How Much Is Enough? (August 1, 2022). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4178804 David D. Clark (Contact Author) MIT CSAIL ( email ) Stata CenterCambridge, MA 02142United States617-253-6003 (Phone) Sara Wedeman Massachusetts Institute of Technology - CSAIL ( email ) 32 Vassar StreetCambridge, MA 02139United States Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN? Place Job Opening Paper statistics Downloads 1 Abstract Views 2 PlumX Metrics Related eJournals 2022 TPRC50 Conference Follow 2022 TPRC50 Conference Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic FOLLOWERS 7 PAPERS 0 Feedback Feedback to SSRN Feedback (required) Email (required) Submit If you need immediate assistance, call 877-SSRNHelp (877 777 6435) in the United States, or +1 212 448 2500 outside of the United States, 8:30AM to 6:00PM U.S. Eastern, Monday - Friday. Submit a Paper Section 508 Text Only Pages SSRN Quick Links SSRN Solutions Research Paper Series Conference Papers Partners in Publishing Jobs & Announcements Newsletter Sign Up SSRN Rankings Top Papers Top Authors Top Organizations About SSRN SSRN Objectives Network Directors Presidential Letter Announcements Contact us FAQs Copyright Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To learn more, visit Cookie Settings. This page was processed by aws-apollo5 in 0.188 seconds

The goal of this article is to offer framing for conversations about the role of measurement in informing public policy about the Internet. We review different stakeholders' approaches to measurements and associated challenges, including the activities of U.S. government agencies. We show how taxonomies of existing harms can facilitate the search for clarity along the fraught path from identifying to measuring harms. Looking forward, we identify barriers to advancing our empirical grounding of Internet infrastructure to inform policy, societal challenges that create pressure to overcome these barriers, and steps that could facilitate measurement to support policymaking.

This paper describes a data-driven approach to improve the security of the Internet infrastructure. We identify the key vulnerabilities, describe why the barriers to progress are not just technical, but embedded in a complex space of misaligned incentive, negative externalities, lack of agreement as to priority and approach, and missing leadership. We describe current trends in how applications are designed on the Internet, which leads to increasing localization of the Internet experience. Exploiting this trend, we focus on regional security rather than unachievable global security, and introduce a concept we call zones of trust.

Can we prevent the abuses of anonymous communication networks without affecting their ability to enhance privacy and evade censorship? We evaluate approaches for balancing the need for anonymity with the desire to mitigate anonymous abuses.

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Current guidelines are oriented toward the treatment of Type I Myocardial Infarction (MI) with no established recommendations regarding management of Type II MI. Type II MI is common in clinical practice, especially in the elderly. In-hospital outcomes in the very elderly with Type II MI are unknown

On July 24-25, 2018, MIT hosted an invitation-only workshop for network researchers from academia, industry, and the policy community engaged in the design and operation of test schemes to measure broadband access, in order to address the measurement challenges associated with highspeed (gigabit) broadband Internet access services. The focus of the workshop was on assessing the current state-of-the-art in gigabit broadband measurement tools and practices, the technical and policy challenges that arise, and possible strategies for addressing these challenges. A goal of this initial workshop was to provide a level-setting and networking opportunity among representatives of many of the leading research and operational efforts within academia, industry, and the government to collect, analyze, and make use of broadband and Internet performance measurement data and in the design of the measurement methods and tools.