Evaluation of child-friendly school (CFS) policies is essential to determine the achievements of school efforts in reducing violence cases. This research aims to proving the reliability and validity of CFS policy evaluation instruments in elementary schools with different locations. This investigation uses the Context Input Process Product (CIPP) evaluation model to confirm the factor structure or dimensions of several observed variables (items) to evaluate the reliability and validity of the CFS policy evaluation tool in elementary schools. The validity and reliability of previously created instruments are evaluated quantitatively, but this study utilises different subjects and study sites. There were 320 respondents, with 145 school principals and 175 teachers taken randomly. Confirmatory factors analysis (CFA) results show goodness of fit (GOF), and the model is acceptable. The CFS evaluation instrument can be accepted after eliminating several question items and modifying them. All items of the teal instrument meet the goodness of fit criteria in terms of chi-square and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The instrument for evaluating CFS policies in primary schools using the CIPP model has met a valid and reliable psychometric property test so that it can be applied.

Critical thinking is one of the thinking skills students in 21st-century learning must possess. The reality on the ground shows that the ability to think critically is still relatively low. This study aims to identify social studies learning problems in elementary schools. This research belongs to the pre-experimental research design with a one-shot case study design. The subjects in this study were 5th-grade elementary school students. Data collection in the study was carried out by the test method, with the research instrument being a critical thinking ability test. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The research analysis results show that the level of student activity, student memory, the application of social studies in everyday life, the ability to identify phenomena, and the complete learning outcomes still need to be improved. Furthermore, students critical thinking skills from basic clarification indicators, assessing basic information support, drawing conclusions, advanced clarification, and applying problem-solving models are also still at a low level, with an average of 44.9%. This preliminary research will be continued into further research to determine the effect of problem-based learning models on students' critical thinking skills.

Curiosity is one of the most important characters for elementary school students. However, the facts in the field show that the measurement model used by the teacher to identify the student's curiosity is not yet available in a standardized manner. This study aims to develop a model for measuring the curiosity of elementary school students using the graded response model (GRM) approach. This research uses quantitative method with descriptive type. The research sample used was 236 elementary school students who were randomly selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire of 16 statement items using a Likert scale approach. The data were analyzed using the response item theory approach with the GRM. The results showed that the model for measuring student curiosity in elementary schools had good location parameters, a good discriminant index, a fairly good information function with a small estimation error. The curiosity measurement model in this study can be used as an alternative for teachers to identify students' curiosity in elementary schools.

Untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan operasi hitung bilangan bulat maka perlu dirancang instrumen tes. Namun belum banyak instrumen tes yang valid dan reliabel. Riset ini tujuannya guna melakukan pengujian reliabilitas dan validitas konstruk instrumen tes objektif kemampuan operasi hitung bilangan bulat yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini mempergunakan 274 responden secara acak dari pelajar kelas VI SD (Sekolah Dasar) di Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten. Data pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas dianalisis dengan CFA tingkat dua ( second order confirmatory factor analysis ) memakai perangkat lunak LISREL 8.80. Hasil riset memperlihatkan bahwasanya instrumen tes objektif kemampuan operasi hitung bilangan bulat tersusun atas 4 aspek kemampuan operasi hitung bilangan bulat yaitu penjumlahan, pengurangan, perkalian, dan pembagian bilangan bulat. Keempat aspek tersebut dikembangkan menjadi indikator yang terdiri dari 16 butir pertanyaan pilihan ganda. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwasanya instrumen tes objektif kemampuan operasi hitung bilangan bulat yang dianalisis memenuhi kriteria goodness of fit, validitas konvergen, validitas diskriminan, dan reliabilitas konstruk. Oleh karena itu pengembangan instrumen pengujian layak dipakai untuk mengukur kemampuan operasi hitung bilangan bulat pelajar kelas VI SD (Sekolah Dasar).

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes by applying VideoScribe’s Sparkol media. This study uses a type of classroom action research. This classroom action research went through two cycles in which the researcher acted as an observer. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were Grade IV students. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation and learning achievement tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings obtained in Cycle I indicate that the actions taken have not been successful. This is evidenced by the absorption of students who have not reached the expected completeness criteria. After reflection and implementation of Cycle II, the action shows an increase. This can be seen after the learning outcomes test shows that students’ absorption has reached the expected minimum mastery. Based on these findings it can be concluded that VideoScribe’s Sparkol media can improve student learning outcomes in elementary schools and it is recommended to be applied on an ongoing basis in learning activities to hone students’ cognitive intelligence so as to obtain maximum learning outcomes.

Sub-optimal learning outcomes have been observed, often attributed to monotonous educational processes that struggle to retain students' focus and stimulate active participation.This study investigates the potential influence of Augmented Reality (AR) on student motivation, utilizing a time series analysis approach.The primary objectives include assessing the impact of AR on student learning outcomes and identifying the most suitable model for elucidating this relationship.The central research question is: can the implementation of AR enhance student motivation in elementary education?A time series design with a quantitative methodology was employed, involving a cohort of 29 fourthgrade students in Indonesia.Data collection was conducted through a Likert scale questionnaire.Four trend models were tested: the Linear Trend Model, Quadratic Trend Model, Growth Curve Model, and S-Curve Trend Model.The analysis of the collected data, tabulated and analyzed based on the established time series, suggests a positive correlation between AR technology implementation and student motivation.An upward trend in learning motivation was observed following the consistent application of AR technology in educational activities.Among the tested models, the Quadratic Trend Model demonstrated the least error estimate, with MAPE at 1.39, MAD at 1.08, and MSD at 1.44, suggesting it as the most suitable for further analysis related to the predictive power of student learning motivation in this context.This study advocates for the utilization of AR technology as an alternative method in classroom learning activities.The integration of learning content with game-like elements within a realistic world was observed to elicit student interest and enthusiasm.This approach is particularly recommended for educators seeking to enhance their students' learning motivation.

Keterampilan numerasi merupakan aspek penting yang harus dimiliki guru atau calon guru sekolah dasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelusuri profil numerasi calon guru sekolah dasar dan membahasan kesulitan mereka dalam mengerjakan tes numerasi, Partispan penelitian adalah 48 mahasiswa program pendidikan dasar di Univeristas Negeri Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dan menggunakan tes numerasi untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil tes numerasi dianalisis untuk melihat profil numerasi dan bagian yang menjadi kesulitan bagi partisipan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa baik partisipan dari kelompok skor terendah maupun partisipan dari kelompok tertinggi masih mengalami kesulitan dalam mengerjakan tes. Kesulitas partisipan paling tinggi pada tes ini adalah pada konten Bilangan dan Aljabar. Â Numeracy skills are an important aspect that a teacher or prospective elementary school teacher must have. The purpose of this study was to trace the numeracy profile of prospective primary school teachers and discuss their difficulties in doing the numeracy test, the participants of the study were 48 students of the basic education program at the Yogyakarta State University . This research used explorative descriptive method and used numeracy test to collect data. The results of the numeracy test were analyzed to see the numeracy profile and the parts that were difficult for the participants. The results showed that both participants from the lowest scoring group and participants from the highest group still had difficulty doing the test. The highest difficulty of the participants in this test is on n umber and algebra content .

Rentang wilayah negara mengharuskan penanganan moda transportasi angkutan darat, laut dan udara secara terpadu untuk mewujudkan sistem angkutan nasional yang andal, efektif dan efisien, kewajiban pengangkut adalah menjamin bahwa penumpang dan/ atau bagasi atau kargo yang diangkutnya sampai di tempat tujuan dengan selamat, UU 1/2009 atau UU Penerbangan dan Permenhub 77 Tahun 2011 telah memberikan perlindungan. Oleh karenanya menarik untuk meneliti bagaimana Pengaturan tanggungjawab maskapai penerbangan terhadap penumpang atas kecelakaan pesawat berdasarkan hukum penerbangan Indonesia dan Pelaksanaan tanggungjawab maskapai Sriwijaya Air terhadap penumpang atas kecelakaan pesawat SJ 182. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, digunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif) dengan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan kasus, pendekatan konseptual, menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier. Penelitian menemukan Pengaturan tanggungjawab maskapai penerbangan terhadap penumpang atas kecelakaan pesawat berdasarkan hukum penerbangan Indonesia diatur dalam Pasal 141 UU 1/2009, Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 Permenhub 77 Tahun 2011, Pasal 22 Ayat (1) Konvensi Warsawa dan Pasal 17 Ayat (2) Konvensi Montreal dan Pelaksanaan tanggungjawab maskapai Sriwijaya Air terhadap penumpang atas kecelakaan pesawat SJ 182 merujuk pada 3 (tiga) hal, yaitu Rezim hukum yang berlaku; Peristiwa kecelakaan yang terjadi; Tiket perjalanan. Dapat dikatakan pengaturan terkait tanggungjawab pengangkut dari sisi norma sudah baik, tetapi dalam pelaksanaan masih terjadi inkonsistensi. Besaran ganti kerugian terhadap korban, keluarga korban dan ahli waris menjadi hal yang penting untuk memberikan jaminan perlindungan secara hukum, sehingga memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak dan tidak bertentangan dengan rasa keadilan masyarakat.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas konstruk intrumen pengembangan media papan kantong pintar ( PAKAPIN ) pada pembelajaran tematik untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini melibatkan 237 (dua ratus tiga puluh tujuh) responden dan secara acak dari peserta didik kelas III (tiga) Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Soromandi. Data dianalisis dengan confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tingkat dua menggunakan perangkat lunak LISREL 8,9601. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen pengembangan media ( PAKAPIN ) pada pembelajaran tematik untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik. Pengembangan media ( PAKAPIN ) pada pembelajaran tematik terdiri dari 20 butir pernyataan yang memenuhi kriteria goodness of fit, validitas konvergen, validitas diskriminan, dan reliabilitas konstruk. Oleh karena itu instrumen pengembangan media ( PAKAPIN ) yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan.

Technological pedagogical knowledge is quite a serious issue and is a problem today. This is based on conditions in the field which show that not all teachers are well prepared with this knowledge. This study aims to empirically find factors that influence the technological and pedagogical knowledge of prospective professional teachers in elementary schools. This research is survey research using a quantitative approach. This research design uses a structural equation model. This design involves four variables, namely content knowledge, technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technological and pedagogical knowledge. The subjects of this research were participants in professional teacher education in Indonesia. The sample participants for this study were randomly selected as many as 151 participants. The data collection technique for this research was carried out using a questionnaire. The research instrument measures four variables using 12 measuring items which are indicators for variable measurement. Data were analyzed by structural equation model. The research results show that an important factor that has a dominant effect on the formation of teachers' technological pedagogical knowledge is good technological knowledge. In addition, pedagogical knowledge is also one of the triggers for technological pedagogy knowledge. Although based on empirical findings, the influence of this knowledge is not as great as technological knowledge. Furthermore, the factor of technological pedagogical knowledge is also indirectly shown in the content knowledge variable. The findings of this study explain that there is a fairly strong indirect effect.

Family is one of the external motivational factors in the student education process. This study aims to analyze the effect size correlation between parental involvement and student achievement. This research uses quantitative method with metaanalysis approach. The study subjects were 27 publications of relevant research results that discussed the variables of parental involvement and student achievement. Research data collection is carried out through documentation techniques by collecting research publications with criteria including publications that must come from Scopus indexed journals. In addition, the sample of publications must come from publications of at least the last five years. The data analysis technique used is a meta-analysis that focuses on information on effect size, standard error and sample size in each of the selected research results as samples. Through a meta-analysis with a random effects approach, this study concludes that there is a significant positive correlation between parental involvement and student achievement. In addition, this study shows that there is no potential for publication bias in the relevant studies, so it can be explained that the potential for bias is relatively small.

This study aims to describe the effect of innovative learning on student achievement through meta-analysis.Data collection was carried out by documenting research produced from various sources collected via the internet in accordance with the title of this research.These articles were published from 2012 to 2022, from journal articles in Indonesia.This article that discusses the effect of innovative learning on student achievement is focused on research that has been carried out in Indonesia and analyzed with a quantitative approach, namely describing data in the form of sample size, standard deviation, and average.A learning process by utilizing innovative learning methods consisting of Discovery learning, Inquiry learning, Flipped classroom, Project based learning, Blended learning with blogs, Game based and Self organized learning environments (sole).The articles used are those published in journals indexed by Google Scholar.The design of the analysis used the average with the random effect method with Restricted ML.The analysis uses JASP software to calculate the average difference in the aggregate, draw the forest plot, and its publication bias.The results of the analysis obtained from 50 articles that match the criteria show that there is a significant increase in student achievement with innovative learning, so that innovative learning affects student achievement in Indonesia.The study was declared free of potential bias as evidenced by the results of the Forest Plot and compared the results of the Funnel Plot using the Trim and Fill method.This study recommends the use of learning innovations both in the education system in Indonesia as well as in the global education system.

The development of information technology has an impact on school principals in carrying out their duties in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to produce an android-based learning leadership assessment model for school principals as an effort to improve teacher performance. The research subjects used were school principals, teachers and school supervisors. Data obtained with the help of focus group discussions, questionnaires, observation, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The research findings show that the assessment model developed is an application based on android technology. Through this product, the assessment is carried out with the help of an android smartphone. Th results of the head of the education office above, the average score shows that the android-based learning leadership assessment model for principals as an effort to improve the performance of high school teachers as a whole and in terms of aspects has been considered important or very important with an average score of 4.30 or a good category between value > 3.5 - 4.2. the average score shows that the android-based learning leadership assessment model for school principals as an effort to improve the performance of high school teachers as a whole and in terms of aspects has been assessed as very important with an average score of 4.29. The study findings conclude that the android-based learning leadership assessment model for principals to improve the performance of high school teachers was very necessary and very important to be developed.

Student boredom in participating in system management learning in distance learning is the main problem in this study. This has an impact on ineffective learning processes and outcomes. This research aims to develop a Humanistic-based Indonesian National Education Innovation E-Module. The method used is research and development with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The measurement instruments used were questionnaires on material content, accessibility and e-module design. The subjects of this study were experts and students taking the Indonesian National Education Innovation course, as well as lecturers supporting the course. The data analysis used was qualitative and quantitative using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The research findings show that the Indonesian National Education Innovation E-module product has fulfilled the feasibility and practical aspects after being tested in the field with users and experts. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of the e-module and whether it can improve student learning outcomes.

This study aims to investigate the inequality of digital learning during the pandemic. The focus of the research is on digital learning in the field of social studies which is located in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research using observation, interview, and documentary studies that investigate the inequality of online learning in social studies and strategic education management studies conducted by MI teachers. This study concludes that the inequality that occurs is not much different from elementary schools in general. However, MI has the advantage of the competence aspect of its teachers who also have Islamic religious knowledge so that they are able to provide moral support to students and parents who have a central role during digital learning carried out from home. This study has implications for the importance of the government's role as a facilitator and policyholder to support a better learning system to minimize the disparity in digital learning which is increasingly worrying during the pandemic. Keywords: Education inequalities, online learning, social studies, digital divide, strategic education management.

Received May 8, 2021 Revised Dec 9, 2021 Accepted Dec 23, 2021 This study aimed to evaluate structural models and measurement models of student satisfaction in online learning. This was a quantitative study using a survey research design. Structural model testing was done by examining the relationship between several variables. The variables in question were the learning management system (LMS), admin services, the performance of facilitator lecturers and student satisfaction in learning. The sample used in this study were 149 students. Data analysis was performed using the multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The findings of this study indicated that the facilitator lecturer performance is the variable that has the greatest effect in increasing student satisfaction in online learning. Admin service is another variable that has a positive effect on student satisfaction, both direct and indirect effects. The LMS variable does not show a direct effect on student satisfaction, but the LMS has an indirect effect on student satisfaction through the variable facilitator lecturer performance and admin services.

This study aims to analyze the management of distance learning in elementary schools during the pandemic. This study is a phenomenological study conducted on distance learning conducted by primary school teachers during the pandemic. The subjects of this research are teachers who have conducted distance learning, students, and parents of students. Data collection is done by using interviews. The data analysis technique used is qualitative analysis through data collection, datacondensation, data presentation, and data verification. This study concludes that the planning for distance learning during the pandemic is done by choosing important competencies to be conveyed to students by paying attention to learning situations that must be delivered remotely. In the aspect of implementing distance learning, various techniques used by teachers are found in managing their learning. However, in general, all these managements utilize technology assistance in carrying out their learning, both synchronous and asynchronous. To obtain information related to the achievement of goals, the teacher evaluates distance learning by utilizing online applications that can be run both on smartphones and computer devices. This is done to obtain the results of the learning evaluation compliant with the material that has been delivered during the process of implementing distance learning.

Civic education is one of the compulsory subjects in elementary schools. This subject has a strong relationship with the social environment. This study aims to identify various types of environmental learning resources used by prospective teacher students in designing learning tools for civic education in elementary schools. Furthermore, the type of this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were college students of the elementary school teacher education study program who took the civic education development course. The data collection in this study was carried out by observations, interviews, and document analysis. The validity of the data was checked using triangulation. The analysis used in this study is inductive. Finally, the results showed that the environmental utilization by prospective teacher college students in the learning of civic education in elementary schools involves the family environment, school environment, and community environment. In addition, the use of the environment as a learning resource is intended to develop teaching materials and to prepare LKPD activities.

In society 5.0, everyone is faced with multiliteracy. Ideally, this multiliteracy is learned from elementary school. However, information on the implementation of learning that trains multiliteracy has not been widely studied. This study aims to describe or photograph the implementation of multiliteracy learning carried out by teachers in elementary schools. This research is a phenomenological type of qualitative research. The participants of this study were elementary schoolteachers in Indonesia. Data were collected by interviewing teachers and observing multiliteracy learning in schools. Data analysis was carried out using the Bogdan and Biklen model with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the teachers’ understanding of multiliteracy was not correct. The implementation of learning that leads to multiliteracy learning has not been carried out; it is still limited to reading and writing activities. Keywords: Multiliterate learning, elementary school, phenomenology.

Career planning is an activity to help students determine future careers, such as high school, jobs and desired positions. The digital module is an alternative that can be used to convey career planning material to students. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of digital modules in improving junior high school students’ career planning. This research is an experimental study using a quasi-experimental design method. The career planning instruments was tested for validation using confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in 17 valid items and a reliability of 0.830. The subjects of this study were junior high school students from the seventh-grade level. The result shows that digital modules effectively improve junior high school students’ career planning, with an n-gain score of 0.60. The digital module contributes as a novelty in guidance and counselling to deliver career guidance services, besides making it easier for students to learn independently. Keywords: Career planning, digital module, junior high school students.