CO2 emissions are a critical environmental concern driving global climate change, particularly the rise in Earth's average temperatures. Therefore, reducing CO2 release into the atmosphere is essential. One promising solution for capturing and removing CO2 from industrial gas streams is the use of absorption columns with amine-based solutions. In this study, an amine absorption column in a petrochemical plant was investigated. The column consists of two sections with different diameters: The column's upper section features a smaller diameter, while the lower section is broader. The column receives lean amine at its uppermost section, with semi-lean amine being fed where the diameter changes. Nanofluid solutions containing Al2O3, SiO2 , and TiO2 nanoparticles were utilized. The flow rates of both amine streams were kept constant, while the inlet gas flow rates were set at 215, 161, and 140 tons per hour. Nanofluids with weight concentrations of 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 wt% and particle sizes of 20, 50, and 80 nanometers were considered. The study focused on analyzing CO2 concentration profiles along the column, mass transfer coefficient, absorption efficiency and pressure drop in the presence of amine and nanofluid solutions. Results show elevated gas velocities correlate with diminished CO2 removal performance in all cases. Also, the numerical simulation results indicate that increasing wt% leads to higher CO2 absorption efficiency and mass transfer coefficient. Furthermore, comparison between nanoparticles of different sizes shows that smaller particles exhibit better performance.

CO2 emission is an important environmental issue leading to global climate change, notably an increase in global temperatures; therefore, it is so imperative to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Absorption columns using amine-based solutions are a promising approach for CO2 removal from industrial gas streams. Many modeling and simulation research have been performed on CO2 absorption columns in which computational fluid dynamics (CFD) strategy is very appropriate and well-known. As CFD modeling and simulation is a fast-developing method, the most recent review papers do not include the core research in this field of study. In this study, numerical simulations of CO2 absorption columns using CFD strategy have been carried out applying various types of amine-based solutions. Furthermore, the effect of various types of packing mesh generation on the absorption columns' efficiency was studied. Investigation of synergetic influence such as application of various nanoparticles in different amine-based solutionsand activators, double diameter packed bed absorption columns with different packings, rotating packed columns with double diameter are proposed for future studies.

In this work, solubility of hydrogen in some alkenes was investigated at different temperatures and pressures. Solubility values were calculated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state. Binary interaction parameters were calculated using fitting the equation of state on experimental data, Group contribution method and Moysan correlations and total average absolute deviation for these methods was 3.90, 17.60 and 13.62, respectively. Because hydrogen solubility in Alkenes is low, Henry’s law for these solutions were investigated, too. Results of calculation showed with increasing temperature, Henry’s constant was decreased. The temperature dependency of Henry’s constants of hydrogen in ethylene and propylene was higher than to other alkenes. In addition, using Van’t Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters for dissolution of hydrogen in various alkenes were calculated. Results indicated that the dissolution of hydrogen was spontaneous and endothermic. The total average of dissolution enthalpy ( $${\Delta H}^{^\circ }$$ ) and Gibbs free energy ( $${\Delta G}^{^\circ }$$ ) for these systems was 3.867 kJ/mol and 6.361 kJ/mol, respectively. But dissolution of hydrogen in almost of alkenes was not an entropy-driven process.

A causal interpretation of the quantum world needs second quantization in order to cover phenomena like creation and annihilation of particles, and this leads to quantum field theory. The causal effects of the second quantization can be described through a new quantum potential. In this article we have dealt with the second quantization of Schrodinger and its effects on the path of a particle. This generalization leads to a modified Schrodinger which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. We have shown that these effects can provide a framework for the explanation of the creation and annihilation phenomena and other effects of quantum field theory on the development of a particle.

Mind and brain/matter interaction is one of the important and controversial issues in Islamic philosophy. In fact, in the resources of Islamic philosophy, one of the basic parts of philosophical discussions is related to mind’s nature and its interaction with the brain. Especially, in Avicenna’s philosophy, there are many articles and books which have addressed the topic of mind and brain and the relation between them. Avicenna was a profound philosopher, an expert physicist and a proficient physician of his time. Because of his experimental proficiency in medicine and surgery and his deep philosophical analysis, his discussion about mind and brain is very interesting for our time, due to recent advances in neuroscience. In this article, we have explained one of Avicenna’s arguments (in his famous opus “al-Isharat”) about the incorporeity of mind (self), which is very close to modern neuroscience and physics literature. In addition, we explain his model of mind and brain interaction. Avicenna described the mechanism of the causal effect of mind on the brain via a third identity, which works as an interface between them (in his main book “al-Shifa”). We try to illustrate his model by the use of some examples, inspired from modern physics. Also, we explore the philosophical constraints which must be considered in any model of mind-matter interaction, within the Islamic philosophy framework. In fact, we propose a new understanding of Avicenna’s philosophy which is in agreement with modern physics and neuroscience.

Cyborg in the brain-machine interface field has attracted more attention in recent years. To control a creature via a machine called cyborg method, three stages are considerable: stimulation of neurons, neural response, and the behavioral reaction of the subject. Our main concern was to know how electrical stimulation induces neural activity and leads to a behavioral response. Additionally, we were interested to explore which type of electrical stimulation is optimal from different aspects such as maximum response with minimum induction stimulus field, minimum damage of the tissue and the electrode, reduction of the noxiousness of stimuli or pain in the living creature. In this article, we proposed a new model for the induction of neural activity led to locomotion responses through an electrical stimulation. Furthermore, based on this model, we developed a new approach of electrical neural stimulation to provide a better locomotion control of living beings. This approach was verified through the empirical data of fish cyborg. We stimulated the fish brain by use of an ultra-high frequency signal which careered by a random low frequency. According to our model, we could control the locomotion of fish in a novel and innovative way. In this study, we categorized the different cyborg methods based on the nervous system areas and the stimulation signal properties to reach the better and optimal behavioral control of creature. According to this, we proposed a new stimulation method theoretically and confirmed it experimentally.

In quantum approaches to consciousness, the authors try to propose a model and mechanism for the mind-brain interaction using modern physics and some quantum concepts which do not exist in the classical physics. The independent effect of mind on the brain has been one of the challenging issues in the history of science and philosophy. In some recent mind-brain interaction models, the direct influence of mind on matter is either not accepted (as in Stapp’s model) or not clear, and there have not been any clear mechanism for it (as in Penrose-Hameroff’s model or in Eccles’s model). In this manuscript we propose a model and mechanism for mind’s effect on the matter using an extended Bohmian quantum mechanics and Avicenna’s ideas. We show that mind and mental states can affect brain’s activity without any violation of physical laws. This is a mathematical and descriptive model which shows the possibility of providing a causal model for mind’s effect on matter. It is shown that this model guarantees the realistic philosophical constraints and respects the laws of nature. In addition, it is shown that it is in agreement with the Libet style experimental results and parapsychological data. To propose this model, we obtained a modified (non-unitary) Schrödinger equation via second quantization method which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. At the second quantized level, which is equivalent to quantum field theory level (QFT), we can use the path integral formalism of Feynman. We show that there are three methods to extend Bohmian QM via path integral formalism, which has different interpretations. By numerical simulation of trajectories in the two-slits experiment, we show their differences and choose one of these methods for our mind-brain model which can be the basis for explaining some phenomena which are not possible to explain in the standard Bohmian QM.

Nerve stimulation via micro-electrode implants is one of the neurostimulation approaches which is used frequently in the medical treatment of some brain disorders, neural prosthetics, brain-machine interfaces and also in the cyborg. In this method, the electrical stimulation signal can be categorized by the frequency band: low frequency, high frequency, and ultra-high frequency. The stimulation should be less destructive, more smooth, and controllable. In this article, we present a brief description of the mechanism underlying the ultra-high frequency stimulation. In the flowing, from an informatics perspective, we propose a state-of-the-art, low destructive, and highly efficient stimulation method at the low amplitude ultra-high frequency signal. In this method, we have tried to reduce the adaptation of the nerve system by modulating the stimulation signal via a low frequency rectangular random wave. By this method, we could reach the "almost zero discharge" with minimum destructive effect in the experimental test on the fish nervous system.

In quantum approaches to consciousness, the authors try to propose a model and mechanism for the mind-brain interaction using modern physics and some quantum concepts which do not exist in the classical physics. The independent effect of mind on the brain has been one of the challenging issues in the history of science and philosophy. In some recent mind-brain interaction models, the direct influence of mind on matter is either not accepted (as in Stapp's model) or not clear, and there have not been any clear mechanism for it (as in Penrose-Hameroff's model or in Eccles's model). In this manuscript we propose a model and mechanism for mind's effect on the matter using an extended Bohmian quantum mechanics and Avicenna's ideas. We show that mind and mental states can affect brain's activity without any violation of physical laws. This is a mathematical and descriptive model which shows the possibility of providing a causal model for mind's effect on matter. It is shown that this model guarantees the realistic philosophical constraints and respects the laws of nature. In addition, it is shown that it is in agreement with the Libet style experimental results and parapsychological data. To propose this model, we obtained a modified (non-unitary) Schrödinger equation via second quantization method which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. At the second quantized level, which is equivalent to quantum field theory level (QFT), we can use the path integral formalism of Feynman. We show that there are three methods to extend Bohmian QM via path integral formalism, which has different interpretations. By numerical simulation of trajectories in the two-slits experiment, we show their differences and choose one of these methods for our mind-brain model which can be the basis for explaining some phenomena which are not possible to explain in the standard Bohmian QM.

In this communication, a thermodynamic consistency test is performed on the isothermal solubility of hydrogen in alkenes and vapor liquid equilibrium data for systems containing hydrogen and alkenes. The improved Peng-Robinson equation of state was used for this purpose. The fugacity coefficient of each component and compressibility factor of liquid and vapor phases were calculated by this equation of state. Thermodynamic consistency tests have been performed by rewriting the Gibbs-Duhem equation in terms fugacity coefficient and using the area test method. The results showed that most of the equilibrium, data of the liquid phase were consistent, but for the vapor phase less than one-half of the data was consistent.

In this study a five station unpaced production line with Exponentially distributed operation time with no buffer capacities is consider. A practical situation where five operation times are to be assigned on five station is investigated. Assuming that precedence restriction are minimal the operation can be permitted on stations. A number of data set with different kind of imbalance and with different degree of imbalance have been used for arriving at important conclusions. Operations on the production rate of the line is studied.This result in 60 different assignment operation on stations. The effect of such ordering on production rate is studied by calculating the percent improvement in production rate that is possible by following the best assignment over that with worst assignment. It is seen that the effect is highly significant at moderate degree of imbalance.

The study aimed to find out the effect of sand casting parameters moisture content, mould preheat temperature, mould hardness and pouring temperatue on surface roughness of the cast parts and to achieve the optimal parameter values to producing minimum surface roughness. In this study,Taguchi parameter design is adopted to achieve the optimal levels of process parameters (design parameters) that lead to low surface roughness. Three levels for each parameter is selected and the experiments are designed according to L9 orthogonal array and three trial for each experiment is conducted. Average values of Surface rougness and S/N ratio are tabulated and are also plotted for different control factors. The optimal parameters for sand casting of LM6 for better surface finish corresponds to a moisture content of 5%, mould preheat temperature of 200 o C, mould hardness 90 and mould preheat temperature of 670 o C. The S/N ratio table also shows that mould preheat temperature is the most significant factor that effect surface roughness and the other factors are found less significant.