There is widespread controversy over whether biodegradable films (BFs) can replace polyethylene films (PEFs) to obtain similar mulching effects on crop yield and soil physicochemical properties in arid irrigated regions. To explore this issue, a three-year field experiment was conducted using two widely-used BFs (black and transparent BFs respectively) and traditional transparent PEFs as mulching materials to examine their aging characteristics and mulching effects in an irrigation maize field of northwest China (no-mulching as CK). The data revealed a noticeable decrease in surface integrity after aging for both BFs compared with PEFs, yet the surface cracks of BFs showed dispersed and randomly distributed characteristics. Particularly, BFs was not fully degraded within each growing season as desired, across 3 growing seasons. The aging properties of black and transparent BFs and their effects on soil functions were essentially indistinguishable. The aging of BFs significantly augmented the abundance of fragment- and fiber-shaped microplastics (MPs) in soils, relative to PEFs (p<0.05). Intriguingly, BFs mulching achieved comparable soil warming effects as PEFs did, under sunny and rainy days in each growing season. However, soil water storage at plough and deep soil layer for both BFs was significantly lower than that of PEFs (p<0.05). BFs mulching significantly improved the proportion of soil macroaggregates relative to PEFs (p<0.05), and evidently decreased soil bulk density (p<0.05). Moreover, it significantly improved soil labile organic carbon (LOC) content, while lowering soil total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and ammonium-nitrogen content relative to that of PEFs (p<0.05). Critically, relative to PEFs, BFs mulching harvested similar crop biomass and economic benefits, and better soil functions. The findings provided new insights into the reasonable usage and management of BFs for better sustainability in agricultural practice.

Spring and autumn field experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of two endophytic strains of Fusarium culmorum(F.c)and Fusarium pseudograminearum(F.p)on yields,rhizospere soil nutrients,microbial populations and bacterial diversity of three cabbage varieties('Zhonggan 21'is susceptible to verticillium wilt and black rot,'Manyue 56'is resistant to wilt,'Ximei'is resistant to verticillium wilt and black rot).The results showed that the different fungicides had no significant effect on the spring yields of 3 cabbage varieties,but significantly increased the autumn yield of'Zhonggan 21',and had no significant effect on the autumn yield of'Manyue 56'and'Ximei'.Particularly,the number of culturable microbial populations in the rhizosphere soil of'Manyue 56'and'Ximei'was bigger than that of'Zhonggan 21'.However,microbial agent applications can significantly increase the number of bacteria,actinomycetes,ammonifying bacteria,and nitrogen fixing bacteria,and improve the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of'Zhonggan 21'.In general,the two endophytic Fusarium strains could reshape rhizosphere health by regulating the microbial community,diversity,and nutrient indicators in the rhizosphere soil to alleviate the obstacles on continuous cropping in cabbage.In conclusion,Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum might act as a promising plant probiotics for the preparation of microbial fertilizers.

在农业生产过程中,经常会受到病虫害为害等影响,在很大程度上造成农作物减产,降低农产品质量.实施绿色防控是贯彻"公共植保、绿色植保"理念的具体措施,也是确保农产品质量安全的重要途径.甘肃省以保障农产品质量安全、培育区域优势主导产业、提高农产品市场竞争力为目标,推进了绿色防控和标准化产业的实施.

分析不同浓度海藻糖对生菜根系生长的影响情况,结果表明,随着海藻糖浓度的增加,根活力、根系表面积、体积、根尖数、生长素和细胞分裂素均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,根总长和赤霉素呈现逐渐降低的趋势,海藻糖促进生菜根系生长的最适浓度为15 mmol/L.

[目的]研究施氮和土壤水热条件对河西绿洲灌区休耕季小麦玉米间作农田土壤N2O排放的影响.[方法]依托河西绿洲灌区地下淋溶长期定位监测试验,设置CK(不施肥)、CONV(常规施肥)、OPT(优化施肥)、OPT-N(减量施氮)和OPT+N(增量施氮)5个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法在休耕季监测小麦玉米间作农田土壤N2O通量动态变化,并建立二次多项式逐步回归方程,绘制交互效应曲面图.[结果]整个休耕季,小麦玉米间作农田是土壤N2O排放的弱源,土壤反硝化过程起主要作用.2018年11月中旬—2019年2月中旬,N2O通量总体表现为吸收,CONV处理和OPT+N处理虽有较高的N2O排放,但是处理间N2O通量排放差异未达显著水平(P>0.05).在冬灌后,CONV、OPT、OPT-N、OPT+N处理N2O排放呈增长趋势,CK的N2O通量表现为吸收.通过交互效应曲面图发现10 cm地温与土壤N2O排放关联度最大,以及在交互作用的影响下,休耕季10 cm土壤地温与土壤N2O排放呈相反趋势.[结论]休耕季小麦玉米间作农田土壤N2O排放受生长季施肥影响较小,受土壤水热条件的影响较大.

蔬菜是城乡居民生活必不可少的重要农产品,发展现代蔬菜产业已经成为建设现代农业、推进农业农村现代化的重要组成部分.在蔬菜产业发展方面,主要是传统的耕作方式,按照相应的植物生长规律以及特点进行培育,不断提高蔬菜的产值,在农业生产以及加工上采取科学、合理、创新的技术.本文主要介绍我国蔬菜产业发展现状,并对蔬菜栽培技术的相关要素展开讨论,以提升种植户的蔬菜栽培水平,不断推进蔬菜产业发展.

本篇文章对农业的最高产量以及现代农业技术的发展进行分析讨论,希望能对我国的农业有一定促进意义.改善我国第一产业发展,提高整体经济水平.