Colyttus bilineatus Thorell, 1891, previously known only from Indonesia, is reported for the first time from India. This new locality highlights the faunal continuity between northeastern India and southeastern Asia. Diagnostic illustrations, habitat information and a distribution map are provided.

We describe two new species, Langelurillus sahyadri Sanap, Tripathi, Thackeray & Caleb sp. nov. (♂♀) from Maharashtra and Langelurillus udaipurensis Tripathi, Sanap & Caleb sp. nov. (♂) from Rajasthan. Additionally, the previously unknown females of L. lacteus Sanap, Joglekar & Caleb, 2017 and L. onyx Caleb, Sanap, Joglekar & Prajapati, 2017 are described for the first time. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, diagnostic comparisons of the studied species, and a distributional map for all Indian species are provided.

Several historical species of the jumping spider genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 and Simaetha Thorell, 1881 described from India and Sri Lanka have remained poorly understood due to inadequate descriptions and uncertain type status. Study of the type specimen of Rhene tamula Karsch, 1879 reveals that it is the valid senior synonym for Rhene flavicomans Simon, 1902 syn. nov., and Rhene callida Peckham & Peckham, 1895 syn. nov.. Simaetha cingulata (Karsch, 1892), S. laminata (Karsch, 1892), and S. reducta (Karsch, 1892) are regarded as nomina dubia.

We report the salticid species, Cosmophasis rakata & Zdot;abka & Waldock, 2012, for the first time in India. Detailed illustrations of the species, including digital images of live individuals in-situ, somatic and genital morphology are provided. An updated distribution map of the species is presented, along with field notes on its interactions with the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina. We also present the original description of Cosmophasis miniaceomicans (Simon, 1888), known only from the Andaman Islands, to facilitate comparison, since both species share the same geographic locality.

Habrocestum mookambikaense Sudhin, Sen, Caleb & Hegde, 2022 was originally described based on the female holotype from Karnataka. Here, a description of the male is provided for the first time, along with a female redescription based on fresh collections from Northern Western Ghats (Satara and Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra). The new locality lies about ∼430 km northward from its previously known record indicating that the species is more widely distributed than previously thought. Detailed illustrations of the species, including digital color images and a map showing the distribution of all Indian Habrocestum species are provided.

The jumping spider genus Pilia Simon, 1902, previously known from only three species and exclusively from male specimens, has remained taxonomically enigmatic due to limited material and uncertain placement within Salticidae. During recent field surveys in Chickmagaluru, Karnataka, we rediscovered the genus in the wild after 123 years and collected both male and female specimens, leading to the description of a new species, Pilia malenadu sp. nov. This work represents the first documented female of the genus. Natural history observations are presented for the new species. Pilia albicoma Szombathy, 1915 is transferred to Simaetha Thorell, 1881 to become Simaetha albicoma (Szombathy, 1915) comb. nov. The updated distribution of the genus Pilia and new insights into its taxonomy, and phylogenetic context within Salticidae are provided.

A new spartaeine species, Spartaeus karigiri Caleb, Sudhin, Sen & Kadam sp. nov. is described from India. The genera Sonoita G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1903 and Spartaeus Thorell, 1891 are reported for the first time from India. Marpissa gangasagarensis Majumder, 2005 syn. nov. is recognized as a junior synonym of Phaeacius fimbriatus Simon, 1900. Additionally, distributional data is provided for Brettus anchorum Wanless, 1979, Portia albimana (Simon, 1900) and Portia labiata (Thorell, 1887). Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, and distributional maps are also provided.

Indian species of the genera Ladissa Simon, 1907, Melicymnis Simon, 1885, and Poecilochroa Westring, 1874 are reviewed. The species Ladissa latecingulata Simon, 1907, and Melicymnis bicolor Simon, 1885 are considered as species inquirenda due to the immature stage of the types. The type locality of L. latecingulata is confirmed as in Pakistan, and its record in India is found incorrect. The following new combinations are recognised: Hitobia behni (Thorell, 1891) comb. nov., H. devendrai (Gajbe & Rane, 1985) comb. nov. and H. tikaderi (Patel, 1989) comb. nov. (all ex. Poecilochroa). Images of all the examined type specimens, and supplementary descriptions for P. barmani, H. behni comb. nov. and H. devendrai comb. nov. are presented.

Four new species of the chrysilline genus Phintella – P. dentis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. handersoni sp. nov. (♂♀), P. luna sp. nov. (♀) and P. rajbharathi sp. nov. (♂) – are described from India. Additionally, the unknown female of Phintella platnicki Sudhin, Sen & Caleb, 2023 is described and new distributional data are provided for this species. Notes on the type locality and distribution of P. accentifera (Simon, 1901) are provided along with clarification on the identity of other non-type materials. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and a distributional map are also given.

Two new species, Habrocestum sahyadri sp. nov., and Irura shendurney sp. nov. are described from the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala. The unknown female of Habrocestum kerala Asima, Caleb, Babu & Prasad, 2022 is described and three other species: Gelotia lanka Wijesinghe, 1991, Phintella accentifera (Simon, 1901) and Vailimia jharbari Basumatary, Caleb & Das, 2020 are recorded from the locality. Detailed descriptions, diagnosis and illustrations of the species are provided.

We describe a new plexippine genus, Tenkanagen. nov., supported by phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), Sanger sequences of four genes, and morphological evidence. The type species, Tenkana manu (Caleb, Christudhas, Laltanpuii & Chitra, 2014), comb. nov. is transferred from Colopsus, as is Tenkana arkavathi (Caleb, 2022), comb. nov. The phylogenomic data places Tenkana among the plexippines near Hyllus C.L. Koch, 1846 and Telamonia Thorell, 1887, while the constrained four-gene phylogeny indicates that Tenkana is distinct from Colopsus. Additionally, we describe a new species, Tenkana jayamangalisp. nov.

Two new species of the ground-dwelling jumping spider genus Habrocestum Simon, 1876 from the wet evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India are described: H. benjamin sp. nov. (♂♀) and H. swaminathan sp. nov. (♂♀). Furthermore, H. emanasakgrensis Kadam & Tripathi, 2023 is synonymized with Chinattus validus (Xie, Peng & Kim, 1993) syn. nov.. Diagnoses, digital illustrations, morphological descriptions, natural history notes and discussion are provided.

A new species of the jumping spider genus Carrhotus Thorell - Carrhotus piperus sp. nov. - is described based on the male holotype collected from Tamil Nadu, India. Detailed description and illustrations are provided. The new species can be separated from the closely related taxa by the prolateral protrusion of the bulb arising from an 8 o'clock position and directed dorsad, and the retrolaterally directed beak-shaped embolus. The number of known Carrhotus species reaches to 10 and 37 in India and in the world, respectively. A key to species of the genus Carrhotus from India is also presented.

A new euophryine species, Thiania indica sp. n. (♂♀), is diagnosed and described from the Western Ghats of southern India. Detailed descriptions, diagnostic features, and illustrations for the new species are provided.

A new plexippine jumping spider species, Colopsus peppara sp. nov., is described from males and females collected in the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, in the southern part of the Western Ghats of India. The systematic history of the genus Colopsus is presented and its localities in India are mapped as well.

Two new species of Afraflacilla Berland et Millot, 1941 are described from the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India: A. adavathurensis sp.n. (#) and A. kerala sp.n. (#). Detailed descriptions, diagnostic features, and illustrations are given. A map showing the distribution of all the known Indian Afraflacilla species is also provided.

Evarcha pulchella (Thorell 1895) is recorded for the first time from India. Hitherto, this species has not been recorded again in the last 128 years since its original description. Detailed diagnostic illustrations and photographs of specimens are provided, along with a map.