In the context of China's "dual carbon" goals, whether carbon emission trading, as a typical market-based environmental regulation instrument, can promote corporate green management innovation has become an important topic of academic inquiry. Based on panel data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2008 to 2022, this study investigates the effect of the carbon emission trading policy on green management innovation and explores the underlying transmission mechanisms. The estimated results show that (1) the carbon emission trading policy significantly promotes green management innovation among enterprises, and this effect remains robust after a series of sensitivity tests; (2) mechanistically, the policy facilitates green management innovation primarily by reducing managerial myopic behavior and increasing access to green credit; and (3) the policy exerts a stronger effect on enterprises with environmentally experienced executives, higher managerial capability, higher carbon intensity, greater industry competition, and larger scale. The findings provide empirical evidence that enhancing green innovation can support the green and low-carbon transition of enterprises in developing countries.

GDP is a common and essential indicator for evaluating a country’s overall economy. However, environmental issues may be overlooked in the pursuit of GDP growth for some countries. It may be beneficial to adopt more sustainable criteria for assessing economic health. In this study, green GDP (GGDP) is discussed using mathematical approaches. Multiple dataset indicators were selected for the evaluation of GGDP and its impact on climate mitigation. The k-means clustering algorithm was utilized to classify 16 countries into three distinct categories for specific analysis. The potential impact of transitioning to GGDP was investigated through changes in a quantitative parameter, the climate impact factor. Ridge regression was applied to predict the impact of switching to GGDP for the three country categories. The consequences of transitioning to GGDP on the quantified improvement of climate indicators were graphically demonstrated over time on a global scale. The entropy weight method (EWM) and TOPSIS were used to obtain the value. Countries in category 2, as divided by k-means clustering, were predicted to show a greater improvement in scores as one of the world’s largest carbon emitters, China, which belongs to category 2 countries, plays a significant role in global climate governance. A specific analysis of China was performed after obtaining the EWM-TOPSIS results. Gray relational analysis and Pearson correlation were carried out to analyze the relationships between specific indicators, followed by a prediction of CO2 emissions based on the analyzed critical indicators.

Global production beyond borders is becoming an invisible force for stabilizing employment, and the behaviour of firms featuring transnational corporations has become critical to the development of production. In this paper, we construct a systematic quantitative analytical framework of measuring global value chain (GVC) sticky relationships and analyze the steady growth of employment from the perspective of inter-firm interactions firstly, furthermore, provide the latest evidence from China. Our findings show that: multiple interactions between firms for that participate GVC contribute to the development of the GVC sticky relationships and promotion of employment growth, the GVC sticky relationship accounts for approximately 17.32% of the total employment in China, and domestic GVC sticky relationship activities have become an important force in stabilizing and promoting employment growth in China, it surpasses cross-border GVC employment since 2008. Furthermore, we characterize the shape of GVC sticky relationships and find that the circle-structure relationship effect has greater potential to stabilize employment in China, particularly in the sectors of ICT, wholesale and retailor. Therefore, mitigating the transaction costs of participating in GVC by reducing institutional barriers in the process of firms' interactions is significant for maintaining the employment stability.

The structure of the network among firms participating in global value chains is an important factor in understanding the changes in China’s carbon emissions. This paper focuses on the interdependence between firms and the interconnected networks to which they belong, utilizing an inter-country input–output model that distinguishes between domestic-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises for measurement purposes. By distinguishing between domestic and cross-border global value chains, we illustrate the carbon emission effects of relational global value chains and their network structures, thereby contributing a Chinese perspective on relational global value chains and carbon emission reduction. This study reveals that (1) relational global value chain activities have emerged as a significant contributor to China’s carbon emissions, constituting approximately 26.8%, with its growth mainly stemming from the expansion of domestic global value chain emissions. At the sectoral level, relational global value chain activities lead to higher carbon emissions from the service sector than from the manufacturing sector. (2) Domestic global value chain relationship activities are more likely to have favorable economic and environmental trade-offs, as evidenced by the lower carbon intensity of the domestic global value chain than the cross-border global value chain. The circle-structured relationship activities between domestic-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises are associated with more sustainable carbon emission growth and greater potential for emission reduction than the chain structure. (3) Structural decomposition analysis indicates that the impact of cross-border global value chain emissions on China’s carbon emission growth has been decreasing since 2012, while the influence of the domestic global value chain is on the rise and surpasses that of the cross-border global value chain by the end of the period.

We study how temperature exposure affects mental health in a developing country using data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). We find that exposure to high temperatures leads to worse mental health. Specifically, one additional day above 27 degrees C during the past week would increase individuals' total CESD 8 score by 1.5%, and the likelihood of having severe mental illness by 6.2% relative to a day in the reference temperature bin. We further estimate the po-tential mitigating effects of air conditioning on the relationship between temperature and mental health. We find that the identified relationship is mitigated by installing air conditioning. We also test some mechanisms through which temperature might impact mental health, including phys-ical health status and sleep. We further discuss the overall health expenditure burden associated with climate change.

人口增长是经济持续发展的动力,持续下降的生育率已成为中国经济面临的挑战之一.我国流动人口规模庞大,曾被称为"超生游击队",但近年来流动人口的生育率下降明显,探寻他们的生育行为和生育意愿紧要而迫切.使用2014年中国流动人口动态调查数据,从社会融入的视角实证分析了房价、城市购房与流动人口二胎生育意愿之间的关系,研究表明房价上涨通过提升流动人口收入和降低失业风险渠道对流动人口生育第二胎的总体意愿产生了积极影响,呈现一种"财富效应";城市购房对流动人口再生育意愿产生明显的抑制作用,且城市购房会削弱房价对再生育意愿的正向作用;进一步地,社会融入程度可以调节流动人口生育意愿对房价上涨的敏感性,这意味着高度城市融入的人口的生育意愿更容易受到房价的影响.从结论出发,提出实施"生育友好型"住房政策建议,保持房价和经济平稳的同时不断减轻城市新移民住房负担,从而提高流动人口乃至常住居民的生育意愿,这也是推动"新型城镇化",实现"共享发展"的应有之义.

数字贸易规则与企业全球价值链位置攀升均是经济高质量发展阶段的重要议题.本文基于2000-2014年TAPED数据库中国缔结的RTA数字贸易规则数据、WIOD数据库、中国海关数据库和中国工业企业数据库的匹配数据,考察了数字贸易规则对中国企业全球价值链位置攀升的影响.结果表明,签署RTA数字贸易规则能够稳健且显著地促进中国企业全球价值链位置攀升;相比于贸易对象数字化规则,签署贸易方式数字化规则引致的攀升效应更大.这种攀升效应主要通过促进研发要素跨境流动、推动企业数字化转型、提升管理专业化水平三条渠道实现.数字贸易规则水平广度越广、垂直深度越深,越有利于中国企业向全球价值链上游攀升,且该影响在处于数字行业的企业、非国有企业和加工贸易企业中尤为明显.开展数字贸易规则谈判时,需要重点关注电子商务合作、电子商务的重要性、知识产权保护、大数据相关货物贸易、跨境数据流动等规则,以保证中国企业全球价值链位置提升的核心利益.本文为中国今后如何签署数字贸易规则、如何选择合作伙伴以更好帮助本国企业迈向全球价值链中高端提供了重要的政策启示.

Digital trade rules and higher positions of enterprises in the global value chain (GVC) are both important topics in the context of high-quality economic development. This paper refers to the data of RTA digital trade rules concluded by China in the TAPED database in 2000–2014 and the matched data in the WIOD database, the China Customs Import and Export Database and the China Industrial Enterprise Database to investigate the effects of digital trade rules on Chinese enterprises as to their ascending GVC positions. It finds that signing the RTA digital trade rules can steadily and significantly promote the position ascendance; compared with the digitalization rules on trading objects, signing the digitalization rules on trade modes produces greater effects of driving up the positions, which are realized mainly via the three channels of advancing cross-border flow of R&D factors, promoting corporate digital transformation, and improving professional management. Digital trade rules that are horizontally broader and vertically deeper are in greater favor of Chinese enterprises for ascending in the global value chain, which is especially evident among those in digital industry and processing trade. During the negotiations of digital trade rules, it’s imperative to pay close attention to the rules on e-commerce cooperation, awareness of e-commerce importance, intellectual property protection, attempts in big data-related trade in goods, and cross-border data flow, so as to secure the core interests of Chinese enterprises in gaining higher positions. This paper offers great policy implications as to how to sign digital trade rules by China in the future and how to select partners in greater support for Chinese enterprises to ascend to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

Addressing global climate change requires countries to achieve economic decarbonization. However, there is currently no appropriate indicator to measure a country's economic decarbonization. In this study, we define a “decarbonization value-added (DEVA)” indicator of environmental cost internalization, construct a DEVA accounting framework that takes into account trade and investment activities, and provide a Chinese story of “decarbonization without borders”. The results show that pure domestic production activities involving production linkages between pure domestic-owned enterprises (DOEs) are the main source of DEVA in China, and therefore production linkages between DOEs should be strengthened. Although trade-related DEVA is higher than that of related to foreign direct investment (FDI) DEVA, the impact of FDI-related production activities on China's economic decarbonization is increasing. This impact is mainly reflected in high-tech manufacturing and trade and transportation industries. Further, we divided four FDI-related production modes. It is found that the upstream production mode of DOEs (i.e. “DOEs-DOEs” type, “DOEs-foreign-invested enterprises” type) leads to the main position of DEVA in China's FDI-related DEVA, and the overall trend is increasing. These findings help us better understand the impact of trade and investment activities on a country's economic and environmental sustainability, and thus provide an important reference for a country to formulate sustainable development policies centered on economic decarbonization.

Based on the connotation and characteristics of economic circulation in the new development pattern,this paper constructs an analytical framework to understand the dual circulation,measures China’s supply-side and demand-side dual circulation from the perspective of inter-enterprise intermediate product supply circulation and demand circulation for enterprises’final products,and explores China’s steady economic growth from the perspective of dual circulation through the structural decomposition analysis （SDA） method.It is found that China’s economic development presents a significant feature of the domestic circulation as the main body （accounting for more than 74%）.In the supply side dual circulation,the proportion of circulation between domestic-funded enterprises and between domestic-funded and foreign-funded enterprises is rising,while the proportion of circulation between domestic and foreign enterprises is declining but still plays an important role in China’s economic development.In the demand side dual circulation,the importance of foreign demand for final products of foreign enterprises to economic development is second only to China’s demand for final products of domestic-funded enterprises.SDA results show that domestic circulation plays a stabilizing role in economic growth,and the contribution of domestic circulation effect to China’s economic growth has always been maintained at more than 76%,especially the contribution of China’s demand for final products of domestic-funded enterprises on the demand side and the circulation between domestic-funded enterprises on the supply side.Like domestic-funded enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises also play an important role in promoting the domestic and foreign economic circulation,as the circulation between domestic-funded and foreign-funded enterprises not only drives China’s economic growth,but also is the key factor to promoting China’s steady economic growth.The research of this paper not only enriches the understanding of building a new development pattern,but also provides a new perspective on explaining China’s steady economic growth.

数字贸易规则测度作为数字贸易谈判的"指示牌"和数字贸易发展的"听诊器",已获学界与政府的密切关注.文章将数字贸易内涵纳入贸易规则异质性框架内,首次引入争端解决机制,从更符合经济含义的角度,修正了约束深度的赋值,测算并比较分析了美欧中RTAs数字贸易规则的水平及发展特征.研究表明:美欧中数字贸易规则的广度与深度水平均呈增长态势,但不同经济体的整体水平以及增长幅度表现出较大差异.其中,美国最强,欧盟次之,中国在2020年前暂居第三,但2020年签订的RCEP反映了中国数字贸易规则的巨大变革,其广度与深度水平仅次于迄今为止代表全球数字贸易规则最高水平的USMCA;对比发现,美欧侧重贸易对象数字化,中国则更侧重贸易方式数字化.

With economic growth, China's energy consumption and industrial agglomeration have increased significantly. This paper uses China's provincial-level energy-intensive industries from 2004 to 2017 as the research object and employs a multi-dimensional panel fixed effect model to investigate the impact of industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency and its mechanism. Results show the following: (1) In general, industrial agglomeration and energy efficiency have a significant "inverted U-shaped" relationship, with an inflection point of 3.309. As the degree of agglomeration increases, energy efficiency first increases and then decreases, but the degree of agglomeration does not cross the inflection point. (2) The impact of industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency has regional heterogeneity. In the eastern and central regions, there is no significant non-linear relationship between industrial agglomeration and energy efficiency but a monotonous positive correlation. In the western region, industrial agglomeration has a significant "inverted U-shaped" impact on energy efficiency, with an inflection point of 3.495, but the agglomeration degree is still on the left of the inflection point, suggesting that a moderate increase in agglomeration is conducive to the improvement of energy efficiency. (3) Industrial agglomeration improves energy efficiency by increasing human capital and promoting fixed asset investment. Therefore, this paper argues that the agglomeration of energy-intensive industries in various regions should be increased to improve energy efficiency. However, it is necessary to raise the industrial threshold in the western region to prevent industrial agglomeration from crossing the inflection point.

The patent entry standard raises the technical level, but it also sparked discussion on patent strategic. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model by introducing a supervisory mechanism and conducts simulations to study patent strategy of enterprises participating in standard setting. Moreover, empirical is used to test opportunistic motive. This paper finds that pre-regulation and post-punishment have key effect on the equilibrium. With the strengthening of supervision, the system tends to converge on the results of prior disclosure. Companies participating in national standard setting have opportunistic motive to patent applications. The paper enriches the research of intellectual property in standardisation.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) have a significant impact on a country's employment, energy, economy and environment (4Es) through the interactive linkages between domestic-owned enterprises (DOEs) and foreign -invested enterprises (FIEs). However, the role of the interactive linkages between DOEs and FIEs in achieving the SDGs of the host country is still a blank. In this study we analyze the impact of the interactive linkages between DOEs and FIEs on China's employment, energy, economy and environment for the first time by con-structing a model of spillover-feedback effects between enterprises. We find that FIEs mainly influence the sustainable practice of FIEs in the host country through the interactive linkages between DOEs and FIEs, which is mainly reflected in that the spillover effect of China's FIEs' 4E footprints is greater than the multiplier effect. If the interactive linkages between DOEs and FIEs is not taken into account, the role of FIEs in China's social, economic and environmental fields will be underestimated. Given the trade-offs between the SDGs, we introduce corresponding socio-economic-environmental efficiency indicators. The results show that the comprehensive benefits of FIEs on China's employment, energy and environment through the interactive linkages between DOEs and FIEs tend to decrease and then increase, and makes China's economy more "decarbonized". This study provides empirical evidence for MNEs to achieve the SDGs of host country through the interactive linkages between DOEs and FIEs, and adds new insights to the debate on sustainable development policies.

Based on the traditional "EKC" theory, this paper examines the impact of urban-rural income disparity on environmental pollution in Chinese cities above the prefecture level from 2005 to 2015 using nonlinear models and spatial correlation models and tests the mechanism of action from two perspectives: demand scale and human capital. The results show that the urban-rural income gap has an obvious "inverted U-shaped" trend on environmental pollution. Both demand size and human capital are the main mechanisms affecting the environmental pollution effect of the urban-rural income gap, and the marginal pollution effects of both are "negative first and then positive" as the urban-rural income gap widens. The pollution effects of the urban-rural income gap are significantly spatially correlated at both the national and regional scales. The strength of environmental regulation is an important factor affecting the urban-rural income gap and has a significant "U-shaped" effect on regional pollution through the urban-rural income gap.

采用国际标准是我国标准国际化的重要途径之一,为研究其对我国制造业出口技术复杂度起到的作用,本文对我国采用国际标准的国家标准数据进行搜集整理,并从行业特征、时滞特征等方面对其进行描述,然后整理匹配出2000～2017年我国各行业中的国家标准采用国际标准面板数据,运用多种计量方法研究采用国际标准对出口技术复杂度的影响.研究发现:2000～2017年我国采用国际标准阻碍了出口技术复杂度的提高,这是由于我国对采用的国际标准更新较慢,采用的国际标准发布年份较久远,没有及时对国际标准进行引入所导致的.进一步研究发现:不同的采用国际标准程度对出口技术复杂度的影响存在差异,同时不同要素禀赋行业中采用国际标准对出口技术复杂度的影响不一.基于此,本文提出要加快我国采用国际标准更新,平衡各行业采用国际标准水平的政策建议.

本文把经济学界对于标准基本概念和分类的认识做了汇总,并进行了一定的分析.标准产生的源头不仅可以是传统标准化组织,也可以是联盟、企业协议集团等其他形式的组织,甚至无序的市场竞争也能够产生标准.标准可分为兼容性/接口标准、质量/安全标准、减少多样性/品种简化标准以及信息标准等4种类型.标准在经济中的积极作用包括降低交易成本、提高效率、建立规模经济、矫正逆向选择、避免技术锁定等,但是也有负面的效应.经济学在微观上认为标准是生产者遵守的一套技术规范,而在宏观上认为标准是公共品,以及标准是技术基础设施.

本文考察传统标准化组织的基本形式和特点,形成的标准化治理网络,以及联盟标准化的崛起,联盟标准化的特点,与创新的关系,知识产权问题等.作者对比了标准联盟和传统标准化组织各自的特点,总结归纳出两者之间的互补关系,以及它们共同形成的全球标准化治理体系的新格局.笔者认为,标准联盟的出现实际上是全球标准化治理体系的重要变革.它彻底改变了标准化领域只有传统标准化组织为产业界提供自愿性标准的局面,从另一个侧面展示出自愿性的技术标准在市场中的力量,以及自愿性标准化组织在市场竞争和产业发展中的重要性.标准的私有化对于政府来说具有重要的政策意义,对技术法规引用和政府采购的标准都有直接的影响.

当美国基于其霸权地位提供国际公共产品、主导制定全球贸易规则的平衡,因其他国家的崛起,而被打破时,就必然要重新修订贸易规则,以确保其自身利益.此次中美贸易摩擦就是这个过程的必然结果.中国需要理性看待、沉着应对中美贸易摩擦,积极主动谋划国际公共产品议题,深化国内机制体制改革,优化营商环境,提升全球经济治理能力.

文章在对劳动者工作质量进行界定和测度的基础上,实证分析了“机器换人”对劳动者工作质量的影响.结果 发现:(1)企业实施“机器换人”能够通过提高劳动者收入和改善工作环境两条路径提升劳动者的工作质量,这种正向效应在大规模实施“机器换人”的企业中表现得更为明显,但效应大小会随着实施时间的推移而减弱.(2)“机器换人”对40岁以下和低技能劳动者获得的工作质量提升更大;女性劳动者工作质量的提升更明显.(3)“机器换人”对极易被替代的工作岗位的劳动者工作质量提升最明显,随着岗位替代难度的增加,提升作用逐渐减弱.文章认为,实施“机器换人”不仅是企业实现转型升级的必然选择,也是改善劳动者工作环境,提升工作质量,实现体面劳动的有效途径.