BACKGROUND:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs predominantly during sleep between 2 and 6 months of age, suggesting impaired maturation of arousal pathways. The neurobiological mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated the role of wake-promoting Orexin (Ox) and Histamine (HA) neurons in SIDS. METHODS:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ox levels were measured in 61 living controls and 70 Sudden Unexpected Death Infants (SUDI: 38 SIDS, 32 explained deaths (ED)). HA and tele-methylhistamine (t-MeHA) were analyzed in an additional 46 SUDI (34 SIDS, 12 ED) and 42 controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed on hypothalamic tissue from 11 SIDS and 8 ED cases to quantify Ox and HA neuron numbers. RESULTS:CSF Ox levels did not differ overall between groups but were higher in SUDI infants aged 2-6 months. HA and t-MeHA levels were elevated in SUDI, likely reflecting postmortem release. Ox neuron numbers were increased in rostral hypothalamic region in SIDS compared with EDs, whereas HA neuron numbers were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS:SIDS is associated with increased Ox neuronal activity during the peak risk period, possibly reflecting a homeostatic upregulation in response to arousal deficit or repeated stress or hypoxia, while the role of HA system remains to be clarified with more sensitive biomarkers. IMPACT:First study evaluating orexin and histamine systems in SIDS using CSF and postmortem brain tissue. Identifies elevated orexin activity in SIDS infants, particularly in the 2-6 month risk window. No evidence to date for direct histamine involvement; need for more sensitive biomarkers. Suggests orexin system as a potential biomarker for SIDS risk stratification. Highlights the importance of combined neurobiological approaches for prevention.

INTRODUCTION:Cognitive complaints are often considered early indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and commonly lead to memory clinic consultations. Prior studies suggest stronger associations between cognitive complaints and mood than with objective cognition, but this interplay remains poorly understood. Using a machine learning-supported approach, we aimed to (1) identify key predictors of cognitive complaints, and (2) compare the value of gamified versus standard neuropsychological testing in detecting subtle deficits. METHODS:In this international multi-center study, 98 participants (57 females; mean age 71.9, range 55-86) from three memory clinics completed the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), mood and apathy questionnaires, the tablet-based gamified Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation Explorer (ACE-X), and standard neuropsychological tests. Predictors of CFQ scores were examined using elastic net regression and the Boruta algorithm, followed by linear mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS:Greater mood symptoms were associated with more cognitive complaints, whereas increasing age was linked to fewer complaints. Study center accounted for additional variance. The final model explained a substantial proportion of variance (conditional R2 = 0.48, marginal R2 = 0.33). Participants had lower z-scores on ACE-X compared to standard testing, but neither predicted the severity of cognitive complaints. DISCUSSION:Mood and age were main predictors of cognitive complaints in memory clinic patients. Although ACE-X yielded lower normative scores than standard tests, neither cognitive measure was linked to complaints. These findings highlight the importance of systematically assessing mood, adopting personalized approaches when evaluating subjective and objective cognition, and the potential value of gamified assessments for screening populations at risk of AD.

The asymptotic properties of some Markov processes associated to stochastic chemical reaction networks (CRNs) driven by the kinetics of the law of mass action are analyzed. The scaling regime introduced in the paper assumes that the norm of the initial state is converging to infinity. The reaction rate constants are kept fixed. The purpose of the paper is of showing, with simple examples, a scaling analysis in this context. The main difference with the scalings of the literature is that it does not change the graph structure of the CRN or its reaction rates. Several CRNs are investigated to illustrate the insight that can be gained on the qualitative properties of these networks. A detailed scaling analysis of a CRN with several interesting asymptotic properties, with a bi-modal behavior in particular, is worked out in the last section. Additionally, with several examples, we also show that a stability criterion due to Filonov for positive recurrence of Markov processes may simplify significantly the stability analysis of these networks.

Abnormal brain accumulation of amyloid-β peptides, represents one of the earliest biological indicators of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Estimation on amyloid positivity (A+) prevalence among older adults without dementia are needed to assess the epidemiological impact of AD diagnosis solely through biological markers. We combined data from the French MEMENTO clinical cohort, where amyloid status was assessed through reference procedures, with the nationally representative SHARE-HCAP survey. Using stabilized inverse odds of selection weights, we adjusted the MEMENTO sample to estimate the prevalence of A+ in the French population aged 65–85 without dementia and their five-year risk of developing AD dementia. A+ prevalence was 21.4% (95% CI: 18.4–24.7) in French adults aged 65–85 without dementia i.e. approximately 2.5 million individuals, reaching 27.5% in the 80–85 age group. Over five years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of AD dementia was 22.7% among A+ individuals, 8.0% among cognitively normal A+ adults and 62.3% among those with mild cognitive impairment. While A+ is common in older adults without dementia, most do not develop dementia within five years. Defining AD by A+ could substantially increase diagnoses, raising major public health, ethical, and health system challenges, especially as new anti-amyloid therapies emerge.

Background: Body motion significantly contributes to understanding communicative and social interactions, especially when auditory information is impaired. The visual skills of people with hearing loss are often enhanced and compensate for some of the missing auditory information. In the present study, we investigated the recognition of social interactions by observing body motion in people with post-lingual sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: In total, 38 participants with post-lingual SNHL and 38 matched normally hearing individuals (NHIs) were presented with point-light stimuli of two agents who were either engaged in a communicative interaction or acting independently. They were asked to classify the actions as communicative vs. independent and to select the correct action description. Results: No significant differences were found between the participants with SNHL and the NHIs when classifying the actions. However, the participants with SNHL showed significantly lower performance compared with the NHIs in the description task due to a higher tendency to misinterpret communicative stimuli. In addition, acquired SNHL was associated with a significantly higher number of errors, with a tendency to over-interpret independent stimuli as communicative and to misinterpret communicative actions. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest a misinterpretation of visual understanding of social interactions in individuals with SNHL and over-interpretation of communicative intentions in SNHL acquired later in life.

BACKGROUND:The court trial for the July 14, 2016, Nice terrorist attack took place in Fall 2022. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to assess the clinical and cognitive impacts of this trial on children aged 7-12 participating in our ongoing epidemiological research, the 14-7 Program. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:Seventy-three children from this cohort participated, and 52 completed a second evaluation after the trial. METHOD:Clinical scales assessed trauma (CPC), anxiety (STAI), and depression (CDI) symptoms. Two groups were defined according to Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms: PTSS + vs PTSS - (CPC scores). Neuropsychological tests evaluating verbal episodic memory, visual memory, executive functions, and visuospatial processes were administered before the trial (August 2022) and after the trial (January 2023). Cognitive z-scores were adjusted to account for age differences between the two assessments. Repeated-measures ANOVA and correlation tests were performed between clinical scales and cognitive measures. RESULTS:Children from PTSS + group displayed greater depression and anxiety scores compared to the PTSS - group. Interestingly, depression symptoms decreased significantly after the trial, while anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms remained stable. Overall, participants showed lower performance in information processing and encoding after the trial, but no significant differences emerged between PTSS groups. CONCLUSIONS:This study highlights the impact of this court trial on clinical symptoms among trauma-exposed youth and the complex interplay between childhood trauma, PTSS and cognitive performance. Future research should explore these relationships further to optimize interventions for trauma-exposed youth.

BACKGROUND:Diagnostic criteria for apathy in neurocognitive disorders (DCA-NCD) have recently been updated. OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether validated scales measuring apathy severity capture the three dimensions of the DCA-NCD (diminished initiative, diminished interest, diminished emotional expression). MEASUREMENTS:Degree of mapping ("not at all", "weakly", or "strongly") between items on two commonly used apathy scales, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician (NPI-C) apathy and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), with the DCA-NCD overall and its 3 dimensions was evaluated by survey. DESIGN:Survey participants, either experts (n = 12, DCA-NCD authors) or scientific community members (n = 19), rated mapping for each item and mean scores were calculated. Interrater reliability between expert and scientific community members was assessed using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS:According to experts, 9 of 11 (81.8%) NPI-C apathy items and 6 of 18 (33.3%) AES items mapped strongly onto the DCA-NCD overall. For the scientific community group, 10 of 11 (90.9%) NPI-C apathy items and 7 of 18 (38.8%) AES items mapped strongly onto the DCA-NCD overall. The overall mean mapping scores were higher for the NPI-C apathy compared to the AES for both expert (t (11) = 3.13, p = .01) and scientific community (t (17) = 3.77, p = .002) groups. There was moderate agreement between the two groups on overall mapping for the NPI-C apathy (kappa= 0.74 (0.57, 1.00)) and AES (kappa= 0.63 (0.35, 1.00)). CONCLUSIONS:More NPI-C apathy than AES items mapped strongly and uniquely onto the DCA-NCD and its dimensions. The NPI-C apathy may better capture the DCA-NCD and its dimensions compared with the AES.

BACKGROUND:The risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents following mass violence incidents, such as terrorist attacks, remain incompletely understood. In the aftermath of the 14 July 2016, terrorist attack in Nice, France, a dedicated paediatric consultation centre was established at the Children's University Hospital, the Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC). AIMS:This 2-year longitudinal study aims to identify and understand the influence of pre-trauma, trauma-related and post-trauma risk factors associated with the development of PTSD in children and adolescents following the 2016 terrorist attack in Nice. METHOD:Participants under 18 years of age at the time of the attack were recruited from the NPPC over 2 years, between 21 November 2017 and 22 November 2019. Assessments included semi-structured diagnostic interviews with children and/or parents, standardised clinical questionnaires for both parents and children and cognitive tests exclusively for children. RESULTS:Two hundred and seventy-one children (mean age 8.10 years; 48.7% female) directly impacted by the terrorist attack, were assessed. Pre-traumatic factors (age, gender assigned at birth and cognitive functioning) failed to predict PTSD. Two trauma-related factors, subjective fear intensity and lifetime number of traumatic events emerged as significant predictors. Concerning post-trauma factors, maternal symptoms (anxiety, depression and PTSD), child somatic symptoms and comorbid DSM-5 diagnoses played a crucial role in child PTSD. The final regression model demonstrated an 84% accuracy in predicting PTSD in children and adolescents (χ2[3] = 2.4, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:These findings highlight the importance of assessing specific risk factors for PTSD in children and adolescents to deliver specialised and targeted care to young people and their parents following a terrorist attack.

INTRODUCTION:Apathy, commonly observed in neurocognitive disorders, is characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior with a reduction of initiatives interests and emotions. This article presents the case of Mrs. B., a 70-year-old patient with mild neurocognitive disorder and apathy, who underwent an intervention combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training delivered through a web application. OBSERVATIONS:After four weeks, clinical scales and self-report questionnaires revealed: reduced intensity in emotional blunting, increased interest, and decreased fatigue, although apathy remained stable according to the apathy diagnostic criteria. These changes were corroborated by vocal analyses, which showed improved prosody, increased speech rate, and fewer pauses. Changes in prosodic and temporal markers appeared to align with the behavioral improvements reported by the patient. DISCUSSION:These findings highlight the potential of prosodic and temporal speech markers to assess and monitor apathy. This innovative approach may enhance clinical evaluations and support the development of more tailored interventions.

BACKGROUND:This study explores the use of novel motor and cognitive dual task (MCDT) approaches, based on upper limb motor function (ULMF) and lower limb motor function (LLMF), to discern individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) from older adults who are cognitively healthy (OA). OBJECTIVE:The study objectives encompass (1) the exploration of alternatives to the traditional walking MCDT; (2) the examination of various ULMF and LLMF MCDT modalities, incorporating different exercises with varying motor difficulties; and eventually, (3) the assessment of OA in comparison with people with MCI and SCI to acquire more nuanced insights into different stages of the diseases. METHODS:The upper and lower limb motor performances of 44 older adults were evaluated using a wearable inertial system during 5 MCDTs comprising 2 ULMF tasks (forefinger tapping [FTAP] and thumb-forefinger tapping [THFF]) and 2 LLMF tasks (toe tapping heel pin [TTHP] and heel tapping toe pin [HTTP]). The gold standard for MCDT, 10-meter walking (GAIT), was included. We incorporated 5 pooled indices based on MCDTs, demographic data, and clinical scores into logistic regression models. RESULTS:In 2-class classification models (MCI vs OA), HTTP showed the highest accuracy, at 93%; TTHP and TTHF models reached 89% accuracy; and FTAP and GAIT achieved 85% accuracy in distinguishing between the 2 groups of participants. In 3-class classification models (MCI vs SCI vs OA), transitioning from FTAP to THFF improved participant characterization by +5%. TTHP outperformed HTTP by +9%. Furthermore, models effectively identified individuals with MCI, with HTTP achieving 76% recall and TTHP achieving 88% recall. CONCLUSIONS:This study emphasizes the potential of an integrated, sensorized MCDT framework that combines a broader theoretical foundation and task selection with neuropsychological and behavioral data. This approach can enhance our understanding of dementia and provide clinicians with valuable diagnostic tools. Although these tasks demonstrated ease and efficiency, validation in subsequent clinical studies is necessary.

BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition, affecting approximately 5.6 % of the population worldwide. Numerous instruments have been developed over the years, increasing the possibilities for professionals, but also complicating the selection process. This systematic review aims to identify PTSD instruments based on DSM-5 or ICD-11 criteria and evaluate their psychometric properties. METHOD:Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched seven databases from July 2023 until March 2024, with an update on December 12th, 2024. Included studies evaluated the psychometric properties of PTSD instruments in their original language. Instruments were considered if, across all studies examining it, were available: analyses for sensitivity, specificity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, area under the curve, and optimal cut-off score, when appropriate. Methodological quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. RESULTS:Out of 2585 screened records, 28 studies were included, covering ten distinct PTSD instruments and including a total of 11,332 participants. Most instruments were developed for adults, particularly veterans and patients from medical health services. The PCL-5 was the most extensively studied instrument, (16/28 studies), with cut-off scores ranging from 31 to 44 among veterans. Overall, the included studies demonstrated high methodological quality. DISCUSSION:While no single instrument is universally recognized as the gold standard for PTSD assessment, ten tools demonstrated robust psychometric validation, supporting their use in clinical and research settings. However, significant gaps remain in validation efforts for vulnerable and underrepresented groups, including older adults with neurocognitive disorders. Broader research is essential to ensure the global applicability of PTSD assessment instruments.

Introduction Computerized cognitive training (CCT) represents promising solutions for remote training of cognitive abilities in older people with cognitive decline. In the present article, we tested the feasibility and acceptability of a CCT performed at home via a telehealth platform, with participants connected remotely to a clinician, in comparison to an in-person CCT. Methods Thirty participants took part in the study. Twelve participants opted for classical in-person training and met a neuropsychologist twice a week for 12 weeks, for a total of 24 30-minute sessions. Eighteen participants opted for the remote home-based training and met with the clinician virtually via a telehealth system at the same frequency and duration. The intervention consisted of a serious-game platform training memory, spatial abilities, and executive functions. All participants underwent a neuropsychological and clinical assessment before and after the training. Results Results showed a high adherence to training and a strong acceptability in both the remote and the in-person groups. A significant improvement in mental flexibility and planning abilities was observed in both groups (as measured by the Zoo planning test), but no other neuropsychological tests showed improvement. Discussion This non-randomized study suggests the feasibility and acceptability of the telehealth CCT intervention. When participants are able to select their preferred intervention modality, training adherence and efficacy are comparable between remote and in-person delivery. Future studies should be performed to verify which are the most effective intervention parameters, such as training frequency and duration.

BACKGROUND:Speech analysis has shown significant promise as a potential biomarker for depression. However, no studies to date have examined the impact of childhood trauma on speech and language patterns in individuals with depression. This study aims to explore the relationship between vocal characteristics and depressive symptoms, while also assessing how childhood trauma may shape these patterns. METHODS:27 participants with a major depressive episode were included. The severity of depression was assessed using the Montgomery & Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Childhood trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Speech recordings from the MADRS semi-structured interview and a free clinical interview were analyzed using speaker diarization, automatic speech recognition, and feature extraction. RESULTS:Several acoustics features were significantly associated with depression severity. Correlation analysis revealed that greater depression severity was linked to shorter, less diverse speech, characterized by fewer words, fewer semantic clusters, and reduced articulatory effort. In contrast, childhood trauma was positively associated with distinct speech characteristics. Higher trauma load was associated with richer, longer, and more syntactically complex speech. Additionally, utterances were shorter, with more frequent shifts between semantic clusters, reflecting a more fragmented speech pattern influenced by traumatic load. CONCLUSION:Our study highlights the influence of childhood trauma on vocal and linguistic characteristics of patients with depression. Automated language analysis offers the possibility to identify biomarkers of traumatic load in patients with depression. This could improve diagnostic accuracy, guide therapeutic management and monitor clinical progress.

Introduction: Injuries are prevalent in dance, affecting performance. Understanding injury risk factors is essential for prevention. Coping strategies and anxiety influence injury risk, yet their influence among pre-professional contemporary and ballet dancers aged 15+ remains underexplored. This transitional stage is marked by increased training intensity, heightened psychological demands, and performance pressure, increasing the risk of injury. This study examined the association between coping strategies, trait anxiety, and injury risk among contemporary and ballet pre-professional dancers aged 15+. Methods: In October 2022, participants from a French dance school completed an intake questionnaire assessing demographics (age, sex, injury history), dispositional coping strategies (Brief COPE), and trait anxiety (STAI-Y trait). From November 2022 to February 2023, participants completed monthly questionnaires assessing injuries, using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) during a prospective follow-up. Injuries were defined as “all-complaints injuries” (any physical complaint irrespective of the need for medical attention and/or time loss) and/or “substantial injuries” (leading to moderate/severe/complete reduction in training volume or performance). Binomial logistic regression examined associations between demographics, coping strategies, trait anxiety, and injury risk. Results: Eighty-two dancers consented to participate. The final analysis included 31 (37.8%) participants (mean age: 17.4 ± 1.36 years) excluding those with pre-existing injuries reported in the intake (n = 8) or a completion rate < 30% (n = 43). Included participants had higher active coping scores than excluded students ( U = 418.5, P = .006). The completion rate among included participants was 80.64%. Nineteen students (61.29%) reported at least 1 all-complaints injury. “Humor” as a coping strategy was associated with reduced risk of substantial injury (OR: 0.485, 95% CI: 0.25–0.96, P = .037). No associations were found between demographics, training volume, trait anxiety, and injury outcomes. Conclusion: Humor may be a coping strategy that reduces self-reported substantial injuries among pre-professional contemporary and ballet dancers. Encouraging appropriate humor during instruction may support injury prevention. Level of Evidence: 3

Background This study aims to assess the evolution of cognitive performances over a 5-year follow-up period in community-dwelling older people with negative plasma p-tau181 levels and to determine whether frailty could discriminate between those who experience cognitive decline and those who do not, in the p-tau negative groups. Methods This is a 5-year analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial (MAPT) testing cognitive evolution among 503 community-dwelling individuals with available data on plasma p-tau181. Negative p-tau status was assigned according to 3 different cut-offs: amyloid-PET positivity (9.6 pg/mL), highest tertile for baseline p-tau181 distribution (10.9 pg/mL), and Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis prediction (12.4 pg/mL) cut-offs. Cognition was measured using a validated composite cognitive score derived from the Z-scores of 4 cognitive tests. Longitudinal changes from baseline in the composite cognitive score according to plasma p-tau181 status were compared using linear mixed models. Results In a population with an end-of-study median age of 79 years (interquartile range: 76–82), whatever the cut-off, the overall group with negative p-tau181 status did not develop cognitive decline over the follow-up. Among the p-tau181 negative groups, individuals who declined had a higher prevalence of frailty compared to those who did not decline. Conclusions Cognitive performance in older people with negative plasma p-tau181 levels remains stable over a 5-year period. This may suggest that older age alone, in the absence of positive biomarkers for brain pathology (or frailty), is not associated with cognitive decline. Frailty may increase vulnerability to the neuropathological burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

A Hawkes process on $\R$ is a point process whose intensity function at time $t$ is a functional of its past activity before time $t$. It is defined by its activation function $\Phi$ and its memory function $h$. In this paper, the Hawkes property is expressed as an operator on the sub-space of non-negative sequences associated to distances between its points. By using the classical correspondence between a stationary point process and its Palm measure, we establish a characterization of the corresponding Palm measure as an invariant distribution of a Markovian kernel. We prove that if $\Phi$ is continuous and its growth rate is at most linear with a rate below some constant, then there exists a stationary Hawkes point process. The classical Lipschitz condition of the literature for an unbounded function $\Phi$ is relaxed. Our proofs rely on a combination of coupling methods, monotonicity properties of linear Hawkes processes and classical results on Palm distributions. An investigation of the Hawkes process starting from the null measure, the empty state, on $\R_-$ plays also an important role. The linear case of Hawkes and Oakes is revisited at this occasion. If the memory function $h$ is an exponential function, under a weak condition it is shown that there exists a unique stationary Hawkes point process. In this case, its Palm measure is expressed in terms of the invariant distribution of a one-dimensional Harris ergodic Markov chain. When the activation function is a polynomial $\Phi$ with degree ${>}1$, there does not exist a stationary Hawkes process and if the Hawkes process starts from the empty state, a scaling result for the accumulation of its points is obtained.

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown benefits of productive art-activity on frail older adults' mental and physical health. In this study, we investigated the effects of art-producing activities in a hybrid format (in-person and online) in a context of lockdown compared with previous studies taking place in museums and their effects on wellbeing, quality of life, physical frailty, and apathy in older adults.MethodsWe conducted a randomized unicentric control trial on a sample of 126 seniors older than 65 years (mean age 71.9 ± 2.3, 81% women) living in Nice (France). Participants were randomized in two parallel groups (intervention group with n = 62 vs. control group with n = 64) conducted during pandemic, between March and May 2021. The intervention group involved participatory art-based activities conducted in a hybrid format, either in-person or online, once a week for 2 h over a 12-week period. No specific intervention was proposed to the control group. The main aim was to evaluate how this hybrid format would impact the wellbeing, quality of life, and physical frailty of participants. The secondary aim was to compare our results with the previous studies conducted by Beauchet et al., and the third aim was to evaluate the impact of the intervention on apathy. Validated scales were implemented in RedCap and administered at baseline (M0) and at the end of the third month (M3).ResultsThe intervention group showed significant improvement in their quality of life (p = 0.017) and their level of apathy (p = 0.016) after intervention. Emotional blunting increased significantly in the control group (p = 0.016) while it remained stable in the intervention group. No significant improvement was observed on the frailty, and wellbeing scores remained constant in both groups.ConclusionThis randomized control trial confirmed emotional effects on seniors practicing an art-based activity in a hybrid format during pandemic on a weekly basis for 3 months.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04570813.

Motivated by a general principle governing regulation mechanisms in biological cells, we investigate a general interaction scheme between different populations of particles and specific particles, referred to as agents. Assuming that each particle follows a random path in the medium, when a particle and an agent meet, they may bind and form a pair which has some specific functional properties. Such a pair is also subject to random events and it splits after some random amount of time. In a stochastic context, using a Markovian model for the vector of the number of paired particles, and by taking the total number of particles as a scaling parameter, we study the asymptotic behavior of the time evolution of the number of paired particles. Two scenarios are investigated: one with a large but fixed number of agents, and the other one, the dynamic case, when agents are created at a bounded rate and may die after some time when they are not paired. A first order limit theorem is established for the time evolution of the system in both cases. The proof of an averaging principle of the dynamic case is one of the main contributions of the paper. The impact of dynamical arrivals of agents on the level of pairing of the system is discussed.

Several risk factors for developing pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children have been identified in the literature (pre-trauma, trauma-related and post-trauma). We investigate the development of PTSD following the July 14, 2016, terrorist attack in Nice, France. This longitudinal study aims to identify risk factors across pre-trauma, trauma-related, and post-trauma phases. A total of 271 children (Mage = 8.10 years; 48.7 % female), directly impacted by the attack, were assessed. Main results highlighted that, pre-traumatic factors such as age, sex assigned at birth, and cognitive functioning did not significantly predict PTSD. Trauma-related factors, including subjective fear intensity and cumulative trauma, emerged as significant predictors. Post-trauma factors, particularly maternal symptoms (anxiety, depression and PTSD) and somatic symptoms, played a crucial role in the presence of PTSD in children. The regression model, incorporating comorbidity, subjective fear intensity, and maternal symptoms, demonstrated an 84% accuracy in predicting PTSD presence or absence (χ2[3] = 2.4, P < .001). The findings underline the importance of assessing specific risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in order to provide targeted care to young people and their parents following a terrorist attack.

Introduction: Remote digital assessments (RDAs) such as voice recording, video and motor sensors, olfactory, hearing, and vision screenings are now starting to be employed to complement classical biomarker and clinical evidence to identify patients in the early AD stages. Choosing which RDA can be proposed to individual patients is not trivial and often time-consuming. This position paper presents a decision-making algorithm for using RDA during teleconsultations in memory clinic settings. Method: The algorithm was developed by an expert panel following the Delphi methodology. Results: The decision-making algorithm is structured as a series of yes-no questions. The resulting questionnaire is freely available online. Discussion: We suggest that the use of screening questionnaires in the context of memory clinics may help accelerating the adoption of RDA in everyday clinical practice.