This study reports the results of a re-analysis of the number of lateral eyes in extant buthids. Specimens studied were confined mostly to those from China and the adjacent areas. 353 specimens belonging to 20 species (subspecies) and 8 genera were rechecked and found to have 5 pairs of lateral eyes contrary to earlier published works which reported the presence of 3 pairs of lateral eyes only. Combined with reported examples collected through reference investigation including 63 species from 16 genera, our study here shows a total of 79 species from 21 genera of scorpions spanning Asia and Africa had 5 pairs of lateral eyes. Reasons for not observing the presence of the extra lateral eyes are discussed and new protocols for examining specimens including using UV light are proposed to aid lateral eye recognition. Besides, a majority of genera in Buthidae are suggested to be in "Five-eye" model and a re-examination of all previously published taxonomic studies of buthid species is highly recommended.

根据《中国蜘蛛名录》、The spiders of China和《世界蜘蛛名录》对我国从1963年至2006年所记录的蜘蛛目的科、属和种数以每10年为一阶段,比较分析了每一阶段的研究进展情况。结果显示:1963年,我国记录蜘蛛目34科149属536种、1973年是46科238属1010种、1983年是46科240属1072种、1993年是56科430属1970种、2003年是59科470属2281种;结果还显示2006年已记录60科476属2365种。

Two new species of jumping spiders belonging to the genus Irura Peckham & Peckham, 1901 collected from Hainan Island, China, were diagnosed, described and illustrated under the names: Irura bidenticulata sp. nov. and I. pengi sp. nov.

A Chinese spider species, Pronoides ampliabdominis Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006, is newly transferred to the genus Cnodalia Thorell, 1980. The male is described and illustrated here for the first time.

Two new species of the genera Araneus and Gibbaranea of the family Araneidae are described under the names:Araneus fakatus sp.nov. And Gibbaranea bifida sp.nov., basing on material from Liupanshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China (MHBU).

本文根据我国伪蝎目已有种类记述，归纳并列出10科34属73种(包括亚种)伪蝎的中文名、拉丁学名、引证及其地理分布，以供今后研究参考。

作者在整理采自海南岛的蜘蛛标本时，发现了跳蛛科1新记录属：维利蛛属Vailimia Kammerer,2006，及1新种：长胫维利蛛Vailimia longitibia sp.nov.文中给出了详细的鉴别特征、描述和特征图。所有标本均保存在河北大学博物馆。文中测量单位为mm。

Four new troglophilous Pholcus spiders from Guizhou Province, China, are diagnosed, described and illustrated under the names: Pholcus anlong sp. nov., P. ceheng sp. nov., P. xingren sp. nov. and P.xingyi sp. nov. This is the first report on cave-dwelling Pholcus species from Guizhou Province, China.

继2006年报道海南儋州地区芒果园蜘蛛32种的基础上,笔者于2006年至2008年调查又发现海南芒果园蜘蛛70种,分属于11科,42属,其中包括1个中国新记录种和1个海南新记录种.

中国历史悠久,对蜘蛛的记述早于世界上的其他国家,而且中国古代书籍中记载的蜘蛛名称很多.初步考证了"蜘蛛"名称的来源以及古代书籍中记载蜘蛛的各种名称.

A new species of scorpion, Euscorpiops yangi sp. nov. (Euscorpiidae) is described from Maguang County, Yunnan Province, China. The new species can be characterized by 18 external trichobothria ( 5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 5 et) and 9 to 10 ventral trichobothria in the pedipalp patella; a narrow and elongated chela with a length vs width ratio equal to 3.4 on males and 3.3 on female; cheliceral movable finger with 5 basal teeth on ventral edge.

The genus Eriovixia Archer, 1951 is a small tropical genus and exhibits a wide geographical distribution from Southeast Asia to Africa. In this paper, the genus Eriovixia is revised in Hainan Island, China, and three new species, E. nigrimaculata sp. nov., E. huwena sp. nov. and E. jianfengensis sp. nov., are described. Based on the type species description and three species figures, we think Tukaraneus Barrion Litsinger, 1995 is a junior synonym of Eriovixia Archer, 1951. Accordingly, three species, Tukaraneus mahabaeus Barrion Litsinger, 1995, Tukaraneus palawanensis Barrion Litsinger, 1995 and Tukaraneus patulisus Barrion Litsinger, 1995, are transferred from Tukaraneus to Eriovixia. E. excelsa (Simon, 1889), E. pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg Strand, 1906) and E. sakiedaorum Tanikawa, 1999 are recorded for the first time for Hainan Island's fauna. A key to the genus Eriovixia is presented excepting three species distributed in Africa. Biogeographic analyses show that Southeast Asia is a centre of distribution, diversification and speciation of the genus Eriovixia, and Hainan Island's fauna posesses high species richness and endemism.

A new species,Glyptacus alatus sp. nov.,infesting Euonymus alatus(Thunb.) Sieb.(Celastraceae),is described and illustrated in the paper,and a key to the eriophyoid mites of the genus Glyptacus is provided. All measurements units are in micrometers(μm) . Type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei Province,China.

Background: The post-translational modification of proteins, including glycosylation, differs between normal and tumor cells. The UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Tases) family of enzymes regulates the initial steps of mucin O-glycosylation and is responsible for the altered glycosylation state observed in cancer cells. Recently it was found that GalNAc-T14 mRNA is heterogeneously expressed in breast carcinomas compared to normal tissue, however the expression profile of GalNAc-T14 protein in breast carcinomas compared to normal tissue is still unknown. In this study, we assessed the expression profile of GalNAc-T14 protein in malignant and non-malignant breast tissues by immunohistochemistry to evaluate whether GalNAc-T14 might be a potential biomarker for breast cancer.Methods: In formalin-fixed tissues, the expression level of GalNAc-T14 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry assay in breast tissues. Expression profiles were assessed in normal tissues, benign fibroadenomas and several types of carcinomas.Results: Our results showed that GalNAc-T14 was heterogeneously expressed in breast carcinomas compared to nonmalignant tissue. GalNAc-T14 expression was observed in 47/56 (83.9%) carcinoma samples, 7/48 (14.6%) nonmalignant breast tissue samples. GalNAc-T14 expression level was associated with histological grade. For this enzyme a significant association with invasive ductal type, mucinous adenocarcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) type was found.Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that GalNAc-T14 may be a potential biomarker for breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. GalNAc-T14 expression level was associated with histological grade. GalNAc-T14 expression can provide new insights about breast cancer glycobiology.

The molecular phylogeny of the globally distributed golden orb spider genus Nephila (Nephilidae) was reconstructed to infer its speciation history, with a focus on SE Asian/W Pacific species. Five Asian, two Australian, four African, and one American species were included in the phylogenetic analyses. Other species in Nephilidae, Araneidae, and Tetragnathidae were included to assess their relationships with the genus Nephila, and one species from Uloboridae was used as the outgroup. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed from one nuclear (18S) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers. Our molecular phylogeny shows that the widely distributed Asian/Australian species, N. pilipes, and an African species, N. constricta, form a clade that is sister to all other Nephila species. Nested in this Nephila clade are one clade with tropical and subtropical/temperate Asian/Australian species, and the other containing African and American species. The estimated divergence times suggest that diversification events within Nephila occurred during mid-Miocene to Pliocene (16 Mya-2 Mya), and these time periods were characterized by cyclic global warming/cooling events. According to Dispersal and Vicariance Analysis (DIVA), the ancestral range of the Asian/Australian clade was tropical Asia, and the ancestral range of the genus Nephila was either tropical Asia or Africa. We conclude that the speciation of the Asian/Australian Nephila species was driven by Neogene global cyclic climate changes. However, further population level studies comparing diversification patterns of sister species are needed to determine the mode of speciation of these species.

Two new species, Dichopelmus lotus n. sp. (Eriophyidae) and Trimeroptes kakius n. sp. (Diptilomiopidae) infesting persimmon, Diospyros kaki Linn. (Ebenaceae), are described and illustrated. We provide keys to the eriophyoid mites associated with Diospyros spp. in China, and to all species of Dichopelmus and Trimeroptes.