Inland wetlands are vital urban spaces that integrate ecological conservation with cultural experiences, offering diverse cultural ecosystem services (CES). However, existing CES assessment studies often fail to fully utilize social media text data, which may bias the identification of different service types and compromise the accuracy of spatial modeling. This study takes the Taihu Lake wetland as a case study, using user reviews from multiple social media platforms and applying in-depth semantic analysis to identify six types of CES: mental and psychological, cultural heritage, educational, inspiration, aesthetic, and recreational services. The MaxEnt model is used to map their spatial distribution and explore influencing factors. Results show that: (1) in-depth semantic analysis of multi-source social media texts enhances the accuracy of CES assessments, especially for subjective types like aesthetic and mental and psychological services; (2) CES in the Taihu Lake wetland show low values across the lake and a clear east-west decline on surrounding land. Mental and psychological services show the highest intensity, reflecting visitors' reliance on urban ecological spaces for emotional well-being; and (3) the spatial distribution of CES is mainly shaped by socio-economic factors, with human-environment interactions as the foundation and transportation accessibility as a key catalyst. Natural factors provide ecological support but have limited explanatory power. This study advances the assessment of intangible CES, clarifies their spatial distribution, and provides theoretical and practical support for human-environment coordination and regional governance in inland wetlands.

Rapid urbanization (UR) profoundly reshapes landscape patterns and modifies ecological functions, thereby affecting ecosystem services (ES). While previous research has explored this topic, studies examining the complex relationship between UR and ES indicators remain scarce. Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), China as a case study, this study integrates ecological modeling, Random Forest, geographically weighted regression, and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatiotemporal relationships and interaction mechanisms between multidimensional UR indicators and multiple types of ES from 1980 to 2020. The results show that UR in the YREB follows a clear east-high, west-low gradient pattern, with economic and land urbanization growing notably faster than population urbanization. Among ES, water yield (WY), soil retention (SR), and carbon sequestration have all increased, while habitat quality (HQ) has remained generally stable with a slight decline. UR exerts nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous effects on ES, with SR and HQ negatively affected by population density (POPD) and urban land proportion (ULP), GDP density (GDPD) having positive effects, WY negatively influenced by POPD, net ecosystem productivity (NEP) negatively impacted by ULP, and other UR and ES indicators showing more complex patterns. The spatial interaction between UR and ES is largely characterized by a ‘Low URHigh ES’ pattern, which enables the functional division of the YREB into Ecological Conservation Areas, Ecological Enhancement Areas, Ecological Source Areas, and Ecological Restoration Areas. This study provides a scientific basis for coordinating regional development and ecological conservation by revealing the spatiotemporal feedback mechanisms within the UR-ES subsystem.

Forest-cropland sources can be allocated under a concentrated and contiguous orientation,particularly for coordinate regional food security and ecological sustainability.It is often required to effectively explore viable allocation in modern agriculture.In this study,a systematic framework was developed to integrate"suitability assessment-zonal selection-spatial optimization-effectiveness evaluation."A case study was also taken as Shuangfeng County,Hunan Province,China.First,the forest-to-cropland and cropland-to-forest areas were identified,according to practical regional conductions.A four-quadrant approach was utilized to simultaneously consider topographic slope factors and cropland suitability.Land parcels were then categorized into the four quadrants.The areas suitable for cultivation were also determined,while the zones in need of restoration to forest cover were identified for soil erosion control.Second,a fine-scale"area balance-quality priority-spatial contiguity"optimization model was constructed for the spatial contiguity and accessibility of the allocation units,specifically under the constraint of cropland retention and red-line policies.Finally,the spatial optimization was then evaluated from the quality and spatial layout dimensions.The results indicate that:(1)Cropland with Ⅰ-Ⅲ suitability grades accounted for 63.24％of the county,providing for a solid foundation for agricultural production.Some areas remained the suboptimal to require targeted improvement;Meanwhile,the forest with Ⅰ-Ⅲ suitability grades accounted for 73.39％of the total forest area.(2)In terms of spatial distribution,the high-density areas of cropland-to-forest conversion were concentrated in the central Gantang and Yintang Town,the western Zoumajie Town,and the central-southern Yongfeng Town,with conversion potentials of 1359.02,1 337.10,1 027.72,and 962.68hm2,respectively.High-density areas of forest-to-cropland conversion were distributed in the central Huamen Town,the southwestern Qingshuping Town,the southern Xingzipu Town,and the eastern Heye Town,with conversion potentials of 1 073.42,1 069.98,1 052.86,and 1 012.08 hm2,respectively.(3)The proportion of grade Ⅰ cropland increased after optimization,indicating the marked potential in the regional agricultural production.The spatial layout of forest and cropland shared a"cropland downslope,forest upslope"pattern,fully meeting the optimal allocation of agricultural resource in the hilly regions.Furthermore,the overall landscape metrics were also improved after optimization.The total number of fragmented forest and cropland patches was reduced in landscape fragmentation.Simultaneously,the spatial layout regularity and the spatial connectivity were strengthened effectively.The cropland quality was enhanced to optimize the spatial landscape patterns for the area balance.Consequently,this framework can effectively support decision-making in regional land-use policy and the county-level spatial planning.The findings can also provide the valuable practical reference for the forest-cropland reallocation to mitigate land-use conflicts in similar hilly regions.Actionable insights can also offer special spatial planning for cropland protection and national greening.These contributions are expected to foster regional food security and long-term ecological sustainability.

This study aims to explore the formation mechanism of homestead withdrawal decisions among the agricultural transfer population from the perspective of the rationality cognition of property rights. Based on 1775 valid questionnaires collected from the agricultural transfer population in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, this study constructs a binary Probit model to examine the impacts of the rationality cognition of ownership and the rationality cognition of inheritance on the willingness to withdraw from homesteads with compensation, and employs the stepwise regression method and the KHB decomposition method to test the mediation effect of income expectation on the relationship between the rationality cognition of property rights and the willingness to withdraw from homesteads with compensation. The following results indicate: (1) both the rationality cognition of ownership and the rationality cognition of inheritance exert significant positive effects on withdrawal from homesteads among the agricultural transfer population; (2) the impact of rational property rights exhibits significant heterogeneity across gender, age, share of non-agricultural income, and migration regions; (3) income expectation plays a mediating role in the relationship between the rationality cognition of property rights and the willingness to withdraw from homesteads. In conclusion, we should deepen publicity and education on homestead ownership, and build a market-oriented and diversified compensation mechanism for homestead withdrawal to enhance the rational cognition of homestead property rights and income expectation of ATP (Agricultural transfer population).

Topography provides the physical basis for landscape pattern formation. It also constrains how landscapes evolve. Understanding whether natural terrain exacerbates or mitigates landscape fragmentation is essential for revealing the mechanisms behind landscape change. This study used a mean change-point method to identify the optimal scale for topographic analysis. It then introduced evaluation models for the Relief Degree of Land Surface (RDLS) and the Landscape Fragmentation Index (LFI). A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to examine the nonlinear association between RDLS and LFI. The results revealed that, first, in low-relief areas, terrain exerts a weak constraint effect, leading to rising fragmentation as RDLS increases. Second, moderate relief functions as a spatial barrier, isolating human activity and preserving landscape integrity. Third, in highly rugged terrain, even with limited human interference, natural topography alone can divide the landscape into disconnected patches, producing a natural fragmentation effect. Fourth, terrain also plays a guiding role: when steep relief compresses usable space, human activities concentrate in flatter or transformable areas, enhancing spatial continuity and reducing fragmentation. These findings uncover the specific mechanisms through which topography shapes landscape patterns, clarifying its multiple functions in either exacerbating or mitigating fragmentation. They provide valuable insights for differentiated land-use planning and sustainable ecological governance in complex terrain regions.

Enhancing the willingness of rural-urban migrant workers (RUMs) to pursue the withdrawal of rural homesteads is a key measure to deepen the reform of the rural land system and advance new-type urbanization. This study aims to examine the impact of trade union participation on RUMs' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads (WFRH). It further offers implications for improving trade union services and refining relevant institutional arrangements for homestead withdrawal. Based on valid questionnaire data from 1949 RUMs in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, analytical methods, including the ordered Probit model, Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and KHB model, are adopted for empirical analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: trade union participation significantly enhances RUMs' willingness to WFRH. This conclusion remains robust after the replacement of explained variables, adjustment of econometric models, and use of the PSM method to correct for selection bias. Heterogeneity analysis based on an ordered probit model reveals that the impact of trade union participation on homestead withdrawal willingness is more pronounced among females, individuals under 45 years old, and those with a college degree or above. Mediation effect test based on the KHB model finds that urban identity and sense of social fairness play mediating roles between trade union participation and RUMs' homestead withdrawal willingness. Trade union participation improves their withdrawal willingness by strengthening their urban identity and sense of social equity. Efforts should be made to enhance the willingness of RUMs to withdraw from homesteads by improving the service function system of "capacity cultivation + rights protection + emotional connection" of trade unions, expanding the effective coverage of trade union organizations, promoting the collaborative linkage between "trade unions and governments", and strengthening the full process service support for homestead withdrawal. The study conclusions help optimize the allocation of rural land resources and advance the integration of urban and rural development.

As a fundamental element for sustaining life and development, water is a prerequisite for the emergence, growth, and prosperity of human settlements. However, existing research has not yet fully clarified the concrete mechanisms through which water networks shape urban morphology. To address this gap, this study constructs integrated evaluation models for water networks and urban morphology and introduces an interpretable machine learning framework to examine how water networks influence urban morphology. The results reveal three distinct mechanisms. At low water-network densities [0, 0.06) (Km/Km2), the guidance mechanism dominates. Scarce water resources attract human activities toward water bodies and foster compact and coherent settlement patterns. At intermediate densities [0.06, 0.34) (Km/Km2), the fragmentation mechanism emerges, as increasing waterways divide land into smaller and more disconnected patches and spatial constraints outweigh resource benefits. In the high-density interval [0.34, +infinity) (Km/Km2), the symbiosis mechanism begins to emerge. Urban systems adapt to dense water environments, and water networks become integrated into built-up space as spatial corridors and structural frameworks that optimize urban morphology. These mechanisms vary across geographical contexts. In hydrologically abundant or topographically constrained regions, the fragmentation mechanism tends to emerge earlier, whereas in arid inland or less developed frontier regions, the symbiosis mechanism may be delayed. Overall, the influence of water networks on urban morphology shifts dynamically among guidance, constraint, and symbiosis as water density and regional conditions change. These insights deepen theoretical understanding of urban morphological evolution and provide actionable evidence for watersensitive planning and sustainable urban development.

This paper examines the interdependent politics of policymaking through the lens of policy movement, conceptualizing it as a relation-based process embedded in shifting political-economic contexts. Focusing on housing purchase restrictions (HPR) in China, we model intercity HPR linkages to identify their network patterns and relational mechanisms across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) megalopolitan areas from 2016 to 2023. Four main findings emerge. First, shifting national political-economic priorities foreground HPR linkages: delegated local discretion after 2016 has encouraged widespread HPR movement, whereas the post-2021 stabilization mandate has systematically dismantled these linkages. Second, reflecting this shift, the evolution of intercity HPR linkages follows a shared inverted U-shaped trajectory. Third, hierarchical relations remain a defining feature of linkage patterns despite emergent network tendencies: the BTH and YRD linkages exhibit strong concentration around core cities, while the PRD maintains a comparatively polycentric structure. Fourth, inertia and context-contingent relational mechanisms jointly govern this evolution. Temporally, inertia is punctuated by critical turning points in 2016 and 2021 that reset dominant relational logics of linkage formation. Spatially, geographical proximity endures but is increasingly overshadowed by non-geographical relations, especially regional leadership exercised either administratively or economically. These findings refine theoretical understanding of interdependent policymaking under fragmented authoritarianism and provide practical insights for more coherent regional housing governance.

Topography serves as a critical natural barrier that mitigates human disturbances to natural habitats. Yet existing research has not sufficiently clarified the threshold intervals and effect magnitudes by which topography mitigates habitat degradation and safeguards habitat quality. This study constructed Relief Degree of Land Surface (RDLS) and habitat quality evaluation models and employed improved generalized additive models to identify threshold intervals where natural topography mitigates habitat degradation across China. The results indicate that the relationship between topography and habitat improvement is clearly nonlinear. The topographic safeguarding effect is not universal. It operates only under specific conditions and shows strong context dependence. In general, this effect is more likely to occur in moderate to high relief ranges. It is often absent under very low or very high relief conditions and may even fail. At the national scale, we identify two RDLS intervals that promote habitat improvement: [2.144-2.925] and [5.404-8.391]. The first interval mainly occurs in the Second Step, while the second is concentrated in the First Step. The safeguarding effect shows strong spatial heterogeneity. The First Step exhibits the strongest improvement capacity, with effect values ranging from 0.205 to 0.282. The Second Step shows weaker effects, with values ranging from 0.014 to 0.118. The Third Step shows no significant safeguarding effect. These findings deepen theoretical understanding of topography-habitat relationships and explore topography-oriented nature-based solutions through operational zoning frameworks, providing scientific foundations for sustainable ecological governance.

Natural habitats in rapidly urbanizing regions face significant human disturbances due to urban development. However, the extent to which future urban growth will further isolate these habitats remains inadequately explored. To address this gap, we developed a comprehensive framework that integrates habitat isolation assessment with future urban growth models, using the Nanjing Metropolitan Area from 2020 to 2050 as a case study. We employed Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) to delineate natural habitat patches and identified urban pixels causing isolation through an ecological network approach. The Isolation Effect Index (IEI) and the Isolation Degree Index (IDI) were used to quantify the isolation impacts of urban areas at the pixel scale and the degree of isolation for individual habitat patches. Utilizing the Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, we projected land use changes under five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to analyze the dynamics of IEI and IDI from 2020 to 2050. Our findings reveal that urban pixels in the central area are hotspots for causing isolation, severely impacting surrounding natural habitats. Increases in habitat isolation are primarily driven by newly-added urban pixels, particularly from low expansion intensity, indicating that non-intensified urban expansion exacerbates habitat isolation. This study quantifies the habitat isolation caused by future urban growth, with the isolation mitigation strategies are both essential for understanding human impacts on natural habitats and improving ecological protection policies.

Low-carbon urban development in China can pave the way to achieve the dual-carbon goal. Exploring how land use changes (LUCs) impact carbon storage (CS) under multi-climate scenarios in different urban agglomerations helps to formulate differential scientific carbon mitigation policies. In this regard, this study constructs an integrated model of SD-PLUS-InVEST to simulate LUCs and CS changes under multi-climate change-based scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP585) for three major urban agglomerations (3UAs) in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Results demonstrate that land use demand in the 3UAs changes considerably in each scenario. Construction land in the 3UAs remains the most important growth category for the coming decade, but its increase varies in different scenarios. CS in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) and Mid-Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration (MYRUA) shows a similar downward trend under different scenarios, with scenario SSP245 decreasing the most, to 184,713.526 Tg and 384,459.729 Tg, respectively. CS in the Cheng-Yu (Chengdu-Chongqing) Urban Agglomeration (CYUA) exhibits the opposite upward trend, with scenario SSP126 increasing the most to 153,007.973 Tg. The major cause of CS loss remains the conversion of forest land to construction land in the YRDUA and MYRUA under different scenarios. However, in the CYUA, the conversion of forest land to cultivated land is the major driver of CS loss under scenario SSP126. In contrast, the conversion of cultivated land to construction land dominantly drives CS loss under scenarios SSP245 and SSP585. The conversion of water body to other land use types is the major cause of CS gain in the YRDUA and MYRUA under different scenarios. At the same time, in the CYUA, the driver is the conversion of cultivated land to forest land. These findings demonstrate the significance of the low-carbon development in urban agglomerations at different development stages at home and abroad.

Urban ecological networks are essential for improving the connectivity of urban ecological space (UES) and promoting both ecological and social functions. This study presents a paradigm for integrating ecological and recreational functions to construct a composite functional urban ecological network. Using the "Element-Structure-Function" framework, ecological sources are identified based on ecological functions pertinent to urban areas, including habitat quality, the cool island effect, carbon sequestration, and stormwater retention. Accessibility analysis determines recreational sources, while a resistance surface is constructed using multiple factors, and corridors are extracted using the MCR model, forming single-function networks for ecological functions and recreational services. These are integrated into a composite network, which then optimizes the configuration of corridors and nodes. Results show: (1) Greenspace is crucial for the ecological network, while large greenspaces and water bodies are significant for the recreational network. (2) The composite network contains 63 sources and 138 corridors, with the α, β, and γ indices increasing by 16.10 %, 11.21 %, and 7.89 %, respectively, compared to the ecological network, enhancing network structure and connectivity. (3) Optimal corridor widths are 500 m for ecological corridors and 12 m for composite and recreational corridors, with a significant proportion of built-up land within each corridor width. Additionally, 73 pinch points and 44 barrier points are identified for optimizing the composite network. The composite network can enhance UES efficiency, facilitating the alignment of ecological protection and urban development while providing critical insights into the optimal arrangement of UESs.

Urban expansion is considered to be a major driver of ecosystem services (ESs) loss, and variation of ESs in rapidly urbanizing areas are of great concern. Clarifying the relationship between urban expansion and ecosystem services (ESs) and understanding the impact of socio-ecological drivers on ESs are crucial for sustainable urban development and ecological conservation. However, the differential impacts of urban expansion on the variation of ecosystem services across different urban expansion patterns and the dominant drivers of these variation, have not been fully explored, hampering the formulation of sustainable urban development plans. To address these knowledge gaps, we assessed the differential impact of three urban expansion patterns (edge-spreading, interior-filling and leap-frogging) on five representative ESs—carbon sequestration, food production, habitat quality, soil retention and water yield—in the Yangtze River Delta region (YRDR) of China. We applied random forest model to quantify the impact of ten social-ecological drivers on the variation of ESs across three urban expansion patterns. Our findings revealed that edge-spreading is the main pattern of urban expansion and it leads to higher losses of the three key ESs, which is therefore more significant than that caused by interior-filling and leap-frogging. Although the loss of ESs due to urban expansion was primarily driven by changes in natural drivers, social drivers had a variable and sometimes powerful influence on ESs. The differences in the impact of dominant socio-ecological drivers on the variation of ESs across different expansion patterns are mainly reflected in the relative importance. Moreover, the overall explanatory power of socio-ecological drivers on the variation of ESs under leap-frogging expansion was low. We suggest that different ESs protection strategies should be developed and implemented for different urban expansion patterns to achieve a balance between urban development and ecosystem protection. This study can provide an opportunity to formulate refined urban development plans for the sustainable development of human-environment systems in rapidly urbanizing regions.

The strong coupling between society and ecosystem makes socio-ecological risks become the main object of risk management. As the link between ecological and social processes, ecosystem services (ESs) are the core variable in deconstructing the social-ecological risks and the crucial point in resolving the risks. We explored the concept and the internal formation mechanisms of socio-ecological risk combining ESs, and further put the cascade logic and evolution process of "real risk-risk perception-risk behavior". Based on driver-pressure-state-impact-response framework (DPSIR), we proposed a framework for analyzing socio-ecological risk, and expanded the content and methodology system of research and management practices related to socio-ecological risks. We proposed that socio-ecological risk research coupled with ESs should focus on: 1) exploring the transmission mechanism between ecosystem processes, ecosystem services, and human well-being; 2) exploring the response mechanism of social subject behavior and its impacts on ecosystem services and human well-being; 3) construction of a multi-scale assessment model for social ecological risks coupled with ESs. The socio-ecological risk analysis framework for coupled ecosystem services was based on the mutual feedback between human and nature to explore the logic of risk formation, evolution, and governance, which could provide ideas for clarifying the deep meaning of ecological problems and selecting pathways to resolve socio-ecological risks.

Modeling and scenario analysis are the core elements of land use change research, and in the face of the increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems in urbanization, it is important to carry out land use simulation studies under different protection constraints for scientific planning and policy formulation. Taking Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, a pilot national eco-province, as an example, a CLUE-S model with coupled landscape ecological security patterns was constructed to predict and simulate the land use structure and layout under multi-objective optimization scenarios in the planning target year (2030), and the results were analyzed based on landscape index evaluation. The study found the following: (i) the proportion of ecological land area under low, medium, and high security levels in the study area was 8.7%, 64.8%, and 26.5%, respectively; (ii) under the current development trend scenario, the trend of increasing fragmentation of cultivated land patches in Changchun in 2030 will remain unchanged, with construction land spreading along the periphery in a compact and continuous pattern, while ecological land will be seriously encroached upon; and (iii) in the 2030 multi-objective optimization scenario, land use patches of all types will begin to show a tendency to cluster, with less landscape fragmentation and more connectivity, while cultivated land and construction land will also begin to converge and do not deteriorate as a result of spatial conflicts over ecological land.

The identification of key areas for ecological restoration of national land space based on the ecological security pattern is an important way to balance environmental protection and social development in the new era.With the Taihu Lake city cluster as the study area,we identified the ecological source from both structural and functional aspects,and used the minimum cumulative resistance model to identify the ecological corridors on the basis of constructing the resistance surface.Coupled the landscape ecological risk evaluation,we determined the appropriate width of each ecological corridor in the study area,identified the key restoration zones through the cir-cuit theory.Then,we constructed the ecological security pattern of"six zones and four belts"and controlled by zoning.The results showed that the 32 ecological source areas in the Taihu Lake city cluster presented a spatial pat-tern of"more in the east and less in the west-mountains and lakes are connected"and 70 ecological corridors were concentrated in the west and the center.The suitable width of most of the ecological corridors was 1500-2000 m.The ecological restoration zones of the national land space were concentrated in the eastern part of the Lake Taihu,Changxing County,and Liyang City.According to the characteristics of the study area and the actual situation of the restoration area,we proposed specific protection and restoration measures,such as protecting the core ecological source,optimizing and restoring the important corridors,and reasonably planning land use of the ecological pinch points and obstacle points.

Context The impact of construction land expansion on regional landscape sustainability received significant attention, but the habitat isolation caused by such expansion across the urban-rural continuum calls for a closer examination. Objective This study aims to use the ecological network approach to assess the isolation effect imposed by urban areas and rural settlements on habitat patches in the Nanjing Metropolitan Area during 2000, 2010, and 2020. Methods We first extracted the habitat patches by applying morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), then identified the ecological networks based on the comprehensive resistance surface and circuit theory. Finally, we constructed two indices, the isolation effect index (IEI) and isolation degree (ID), and evaluated the differential contributions of urban areas and rural settlements to habitat isolation. Results Our results showed a total of 129 habitat patches within our study area. These patches were linked by 188, 186, and 183 ecological corridors in the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. Further analysis revealed that habitat patches were strongly isolated by the expansion of construction land and increasing human activities. Remarkably, both urban areas and rural settlements played pivotal roles in exacerbating this isolation, with urban areas showing a striking surge in their isolation impact, while rural settlements continued to be the predominant driver of habitat isolation. Conclusions Sustainable landscape planning should consider how land uses may cause habitat isolation. Our study utilizes the ecological network approach to evaluate habitat isolation and introduces applicable indicators for estimating the isolation effects attributed to construction land expansion. Our findings hold significant implications for informing landscape planning and shaping ecological conservation policies.

Ecological corridors are crucial for preserving biodiversity in human-impacted areas, but previous work has focused on landscape connectivity rather than ensuring that connected areas are suitable for migrating species. Our study developed a framework integrating landscape similarity assessment to prioritize corridor protection and construction. Taking Nanjing Metropolitan Area in 2020 as a case, we identified ecological sources from the perspectives of function and structure. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and gravity index were then employed to detect ecological corridors and assess connectivity. The similarity index was subsequently applied to assess the landscape similarity between ecological sources, which was quantified from three aspects of composition, as well as configuration and physical geography. Final classification and prioritization of corridors for protection and construction were based on the precedence matrix method. Our results showed that 58 ecological sources were potentially connected by 103 corridors. The 39 corridors combining high connectivity and high similarity were assigned the highest priority for protection, and the 27 corridors with low connectivity but high similarity were assigned to the category with high construction priority. Our findings advance theoretical and practical understanding of ecological corridors by demonstrating that high priority corridors can be identified for focused conservation efforts.

基于新发展理念构建长江经济带高质量发展的协调发展水平评价指标体系,从城乡、区域、要素和人与自然四大协调发展核心要义着手,选取20项具体指标对2010～2020年长江经济带108个地市协调发展水平进行评价,以此研究长江经济带协调发展的空间异质性及时空演进规律.结果显示,长江经济带整体发展水平呈现下游＞中游＞上游的趋势,长三角地区各维度协调发展水平均高于其他地区,且溢出效益明显,对整个长江经济带具有良好的辐射作用;且通过城市群内部引力分析,虽然长三角城市群凝聚力占有绝对优势但三大国家级城市群均呈现较强增长趋势;省份发展水平受到省会影响明显,强省会的省份出现明显资源倾斜,同样省会为核心的城市群也出现发展失衡现象.因此,基于对于高质量发展视角下长江经济带协调发展的时空演化规律和现状特征研究,从实施差异化发展策略、统筹区域协调发展出发提出对策建议,以期促进长江经济带协调发展.

The construction of ecological security pattern aims to determine the bottom line of ecological land supply and effective spatial distribution and provides a scientific basis for ensuring regional ecological security. The basic paradigm of “source recognition-resistance surface creation-corridor identification-key areas determination” was used to construct the ecological security pattern of Hohhot City in 2009 and 2019. The circuit theory was employed to determine the demand for protection and restoration of crucial ecological area and to divide the core ecological protection and restoration area, the core restoration area, the core protection area, and the general ecological protection area; then, the optimization of Hohhot’s ecological security pattern could be proposed. The results show that there was no interconnected and closed ecological network in 2009 and 2019 in the study area, and the area of significant ecological elements were decreasing: ecological source areas decreased from 266.97 to 261.21 km 2 , the number of ecological corridors decreased from 10 to 6, and the total area of ecological protection and restoration areas decreased from 342.15 to 199.91 km 2 . The results show that in the past 10 years, the ecological space in Hohhot had problems such as quality degradation, fragmentation intensifying, and effective landscape connectivity declining. It is urgent to optimize the ecological sources layout, strengthen the restoration of barrier areas and the protection of pinch point areas, and improve habitat connectivity to ensure the improved regional ecological security. Our results can provide a scientific reference for coordinating ecological protection and economic development, as well as the policy formulation and implementation of relevant departments.