Green agricultural development requires safe, effective, and environmentally friendly plant disease control measures. This study evaluated the antagonistic properties of Trichoderma erinaceum It-58 and Trichoderma afroharzianum P-8 against Neoscytalidium sp., as well as their ability to promote growth and induce biochemical resistance in cucumber seedlings. The pathogen responsible for both cucumber fruit rot and seed damping off was isolated and identified morphologically. The antagonistic potential of the Trichoderma strains was assessed using dual culture, volatile, and non-volatile organic compound methods. For pot experiments, seeds coated with antagonists were pre-germinated and transplanted. Twenty-one days later, roots were infected with the pathogen. Fifteen days post-infection, seedlings were harvested to evaluate growth parameters (height, biomass, and diameter) and biochemical parameters (polyphenols, proteins, peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases). The pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium sp.. In dual culture, T. erinaceum and T. afroharzanium inhibited the pathogen by 74.36% and 68.20%, respectively. Diffusible non-volatile substances showed even greater inhibition of mycelial growth at 71% (T. erinaceum) and 97% (T. afroharzanium). No inhibition was observed with volatile organic compounds. In pot experiments, both antagonists significantly stimulated plant growth parameters and reduced disease incidence (16.67% for T. afroharzianum, 33.33% for T. erinaceum). They induced a significant increase in polyphenol content while significantly decreasing peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in treated and infected plants compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between disease incidence, polyphenol content, and peroxidase activity, and a negative correlation with polyphenol oxidase. Thus, T. erinaceum and T. afroharzanium can effectively promote cucumber growth and prevent seedling wilt caused by Neoscytalidium sp.. However, molecular identification of the pathogen and field trial are needed.

The present study evaluated the acute and subacute oral toxicities of a chloroform extract from Pseudomonas fluorescens DS17R in Wistar rats to support its safe application as a biocontrol agent. For acute toxicity assessment following OECD Guideline 423, female Wistar rats (n = 3 per step) received single oral doses of 300, 2000, or 5000 mg/kg body weight (bw) and were observed for 14 days. For subacute toxicity, female rats (n = 5 per group) received daily oral doses of 0 (control), 57.5, 115, 230, or 460 mg/kg bw for 28 days, after which hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed. Acute toxicity testing revealed no mortality at 300 or 2000 mg/kg bw, but 50% mortality at 5000 mg/kg bw, yielding a median lethal dose (LD50) of 4574 mg/kg bw, classifying the extract as practically nontoxic (OECD Category 5). Subacute 28-day oral exposure induced dose- and time-dependent physiological and biochemical responses. Body weight showed a biphasic pattern, with a significant increase at 57.5 mg/kg bw and reductions at ≥ 115 mg/kg bw, while feed intake was transiently suppressed. Hepatic enlargement was observed at 115-460 mg/kg bw, accompanied by elevated alkaline phosphatase and mild AST increase; histology revealed sinusoidal dilation and leukocyte infiltration. Splenomegaly, lymphopenia at 230 and 460 mg/kg bw, microcytosis, anisocytosis, and thrombocytosis reflected hematopoietic and immune modulation. Renal stress was evidenced by hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypercalcemia, and decreased phosphate at doses ≥ 57.5 mg/kg bw, with mild tubular alterations. Lipid remodeling included increased triglycerides and HDL, with decreased LDL at doses ≥ 115 mg/kg bw. Overall, the extract induced adaptive metabolic and redox-mediated responses without irreversible organ damage, supporting its potential safe use as a microbial biocontrol agent under the tested conditions.

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for modulating the yield and quality of flat-leaf parsley (Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum), a functional food and source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials. However, limited information exists on optimizing N fertilization to simultaneously modulate yield, bioactive compound accumulation, and biological activities. This study investigated the impact of four N rates on growth, yield, pigments, bioactive compounds, and biological activities of parsley in the highlands of Cameroon. A two-year (2024-2025) field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha(-1)) were applied. Growth parameters, fresh and dry yield, photosynthetic pigments, L-ascorbic acid, and total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were evaluated at 75 days after transplanting. Later, the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic plant extracts and antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated. Results indicated that N fertilization significantly enhanced growth and yield over both seasons, with the highest fresh and dry biomass yields achieved at N120 (168.78% and 168.42% increases, respectively). N rates also significantly (p < 0.001) influenced pigment and bioactive compound accumulation. The N80 and N120 treatments maximized chlorophyll a (1.56 mg g(-1) FW), chlorophyll b (0.63 mg g(-1) FW), carotenoids (0.70 mg g(-1) FW), L-ascorbic acid (0.41 mg g(-1) FW), TPC (4.30 mg GAE g(-1) DW), and TFC (2.21 mg QE g(-1) DW) compared to the N0 control. The N80 treatment consistently exhibited the strongest bioactivities, with IC50 values ranging from 41.96 to 53.75 & micro;g mL(-1) for antioxidant activity and from 0.241 to 0.497 mg mL(-1) for antimicrobial activity. These findings demonstrate that, while N120 maximizes biomass productivity, N80 represents the optimal rate for maximizing phytochemical density and biological activity of parsley in tropical highland agroecosystems.

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans , causal agent of potato late blight, remains a major constraint to global potato production due to its rapid evolution and resistance to fungicides and host resistance genes. While single-strain biocontrol agents offer sustainable alternatives, their inconsistent field performance limits widespread adoption. Here, we demonstrate that a rationally designed consortium comprising Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BaC21 and Pseudomonas fluorescens DS17R provides synergistic protection against late blight through multilayered mechanisms. From 22 rhizosphere Bacillus isolates, BaC21 was selected for its superior antagonism (18.80 mm inhibition zone, 91.66% volatile-mediated suppression, 76.8% cell-free filtrate activity). Co-inoculation enhanced root colonization of both strains, with Bacillus populations increasing 1.19-fold and Pseudomonas 1.11-fold over single applications. Under greenhouse conditions, the BDR consortium reduced disease severity by 80.8%, significantly outperforming single strains. Field trials confirmed efficacy comparable to the fungicide Ridomil, with BDR-treated plots yielding 24.8 t.ha − 1 a three-fold increase over untreated controls. Mechanistically, the consortium induced temporally coordinated phytohormone signaling: early jasmonate/ethylene peaks (JA: 95 ng.g − 1 FW at 12 h; ethylene: 6.0 nL.g − 1 FW/h at 12 h) followed by sustained salicylate accumulation (550 ng.g − 1 FW at 48 h, r = -0.92 with AUDPC), circumventing SA-JA antagonism. This primed state activated phenylpropanoid metabolism (PAL 2.98 µmol h − 1 mg − 1 protein), lignin deposition (38.5 mg.g − 1 DW), and antioxidant capacity (cysteine 265 nmol.g −1 FW) without compromising photosynthesis (chlorophyll maintained at 2.35 mg.g − 1 FW). Synergy factors reached 1.50 for disease reduction and 1.62 for yield increase. This work establishes a mechanistic framework for rationally designing microbial consortia that integrate ecological, hormonal, and biochemical complementarity for sustainable crop protection.

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight, remains the principal constraint on global potato production owing to its rapid evolutionary turnover and the erosion of fungicide and host-resistance efficacy. Single-strain biocontrol agents offer a sustainable alternative but show inconsistent field performance, limiting their adoption. Here we show that a rationally designed consortium of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BaC21 and Pseudomonas fluorescens DS17R confers synergistic protection against late blight through ecological, hormonal, and biochemical complementarity. From a panel of 22 rhizosphere Bacillus isolates, BaC21 was selected for its superior antagonism (18.8 mm inhibition zone; 91.7% volatile-mediated suppression; 76.8% cell-free filtrate inhibition). Co-inoculation enhanced root colonization of both partners relative to their respective monocultures. Under greenhouse conditions, the consortium (BDR) reduced disease severity by 80.8%, exceeding either strain alone by 1.5-fold, and field trials confirmed efficacy statistically equivalent to the fungicide Ridomil, with BDR-treated plots yielding 24.8 t ha−1 a three-fold increase over untreated controls and 1.6-fold higher than the best-performing single strain. Mechanistically, BDR induced a temporally coordinated hormonal program: an early jasmonate–ethylene peak at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi) (jasmonic acid, 95 ng g−1 fresh weight; ethylene, 6.0 nL g−1 FW h−1) preceded a sustained salicylate accumulation peaking at 48 hpi (550 ng g−1 FW; r = −0.92 with disease severity), consistent with sequential rather than antagonistic jasmonate–salicylate signaling. This hormonal priming was accompanied by potentiation of phenylpropanoid metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, 2.98 μmol h−1 mg−1 protein), lignin deposition (38.5 mg g−1 dry weight), and antioxidant capacity (cysteine, 265 nmol g−1 FW), without measurable cost to photosynthetic pigment content. These findings establish a mechanistic framework for designing microbial consortia that integrate ecological, hormonal, and biochemical complementarity for sustainable crop protection.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection, mainly due to Candida albicans, affecting two-thirds of women at least once in their lifetime. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD420261368975) of the epidemiology, aetiology, and drug resistance profiles of VVC in Cameroon. Methods: Databases were queried to identify all eligible papers. Data were extracted, and the quality bias of studies was assessed. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled proportions of primary outcomes. Results: Thirty-four studies were included. The pooled proportion of VVC was 33.3% (95%CI 25.5 – 41.6%, p < 0.0001). Candida albicans (23.3%, 95%CI 17.9 – 29.1%, p < 0.0001) was the most frequently isolated causative species, followed by C. glabrata (2.3%, 95%CI 0.9 – 4.2%, p < 0.0001) and C. krusei (1.3%, 95%CI 0.5 – 2.5%, p < 0.0001). Pregnancy status, diagnostic methods, and human immunodeficiency virus infection influenced the proportions of these species. Three drugs were least effective against C. albicans, with the following resistance levels: fluconazole (51.1%, 95%CI 21.2 – 80.7%, p < 0.0001) and itraconazole (50.5%, 95%CI 41.3 – 100%, p < 0.0001). Evidence of drug profiles for non-albicans species is limited. Conclusions: The findings have spotlighted several urgent challenges (e.g., the lack of studies in two regions of Cameroon, or the need for diagnostic standardisation), and will help to propose effective control strategies and guidelines.

This study investigates the bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility, and potential natural treatment for diabetic wound infections at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Cameroon. Over 2 months (June to July 2024), 75 diabetic patients with wounds were analyzed, revealing a 73.08% infection rate. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (54.38%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (40.35%), and Escherichia coli (29.82%), with significant antibiotic resistance observed. Imipenem (82.65% sensitivity) and gentamicin (72.88% sensitivity) were the most effective antibiotics, while amoxicillin-clavulanic acid showed the highest resistance rate (46.94%). This study also evaluated the antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy of Fontitrygon margarita liver oil, particularly when extracted with spices such as Monodora myristica and Zingiber officinale. The oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against multiresistant bacterial isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 16 to 128 mg/mL. Incorporating spices during extraction enhanced the oil's antibacterial activity, showing synergistic effects in 58.33% of cases. The oil also exhibited strong antioxidant properties, with improvements noted in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays when spices were added, highlighting the highest efficacy with M. myristica and Z. officinale extracts. These findings suggest that F. margarita liver oil, especially when combined with spices, could serve as a valuable natural alternative for managing diabetic wound infections, addressing the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance and oxidative stress. Further research and clinical trials are recommended to validate these results and explore their practical applications.

This work aimed to evaluate the antagonist effect of Trichoderma viride against Fusarium oxysporum and its ability to promote growth and resistance defence of oil palm. The antagonistic effect of T. viride was tested by paired culture, cellophane plate, and micro-atmosphere methods. In the nursery, 30-day-old oil palm plants were inoculated with T. viride, and 30 days after growing, the roots of plants were infected with the spores of Fusarium oxysporum. Ninety days after infection, plants were harvested, and a series of morphological (height, fresh root and shoot) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, phenol compounds, soluble proteins and oxidative enzymes), which are considered to be part of the plant defence response, were evaluated. Results showed that, in dual culture, T. viride significantly reduced mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and released non-volatile and volatile compounds that inhibited the pathogen. In the nursery, there was a significant reduction in disease impact (severity index and incidence) in oil palm inoculated with T. viride and infected with Fusarium oxysporum. A significant increase in plant root and shoot fresh weights, as well as chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and phenol content, was noticed in comparison with non-inoculated control plants. A significant increase in peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities was recorded in inoculated and infected plants, compared to control. There was a significant and positive correlation between disease incidence and the activity of these oxidative enzymes. These findings suggest that these compounds play a vital role in plant defence. T. viride could serve as a biological agent to manage vascular wilt in oil palm. However, analysis of its effects on mass production and field application is needed.

For centuries, various cultures worldwide have utilized spices and herbs (S&H) not only for their culinary attributes but also for their medicinal properties. These natural substances are abundant in phenolic compounds (PCs), a category of chemical compounds associated with a plethora of health benefits. This review offers an exhaustive examination of the health advantages of commonly consumed S&H in Cameroon, with a specific focus on their PCs. It delves into the diverse roles these natural substances play, such as modulating the immune system, demonstrating anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities, and providing protection for various body systems including the cardiovascular, renal, neurological, reproductive, and digestive systems. The research also discusses the hepatoprotective properties of PCs, underscoring their potential as natural substitutes to traditional treatments. However, it also emphasizes the potential side effects of S&H and their PCs, especially when consumed in large amounts without medical guidance. The findings of this research highlight the significant therapeutic potential of S&H and their PCs. It advocates for additional research to confirm health benefits, evaluate compound safety, and consider sustainability for product development. The study also calls for collaborative research and integration with conventional medicine to revolutionize healthcare.

Polyalthia longifolia, a member of the Annonaceae family, is traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including as an antidiabetic remedy, primarily in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the potential of six P. longifolia extracts in counteracting hyperglycemia and diabetes-related complications. Aqueous, ethanol, and methanol extracts from leaves and stems were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, and antiradical properties using α-glucosidase, BSA, and ORAC assays, respectively. Phytochemical characterization was conducted using TPC and TFC assays, and HPLC analysis identified specific bioactive compounds, including various phenolic compounds and flavonoids (mainly baicalein). The MTT assay on the human cell line HT-29 assessed the activity of extracts on cell viability, showing slight cytotoxicity. Results demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity of the ethanol and methanol extracts from P. longifolia leaves. This study provides new insights into the potential use of P. longifolia in diabetes mellitus and supports the valorization of traditional medicinal plants.

Potato dry rot poses a significant threat to potato production worldwide. This study explored the yield, polyphenol content, and antifungal efficacy of aqueous, hydroethanolic, and ethanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera, Lantana camara, Vermonia amygdalina, Curcuma longa, and Allium sativum against Fusarium species causing potato dry rot. Fungi obtained from infected tubers isolates were identified through morpho-molecular analysis. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Extracts were screened for antifungal activity, with the most potent further evaluated for minimal inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal (MFC) concentrations. In vivo tests on "Dosa" and "Desiree" potato cultivars assessed the extract's ability to mitigate dry rot and biochemical changes. TPC ranged from 6 g kg- 1 to 62 g kg- 1, while TFC varied between 4 g kg- 1 and 39 g kg- 1. Extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth, with inhibition rates ranged from 6 % to 63 % for Fusarium equiseti and from 4 % to 40 % for Fusarium oxysporum. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) correlated higher TPC and TFC with enhanced antifungal activity, with C. longa hydroethanolic extract showing the strongest efficacy (MIC: 40 g L- 1 for F. equiseti, 50 g L- 1 for F. oxysporum; MFC: 50 g L- 1 for both). Notably, the C. longa hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced rot development and biochemical alterations in potato tubers. These findings suggest that the C. longa hydroethanolic extract has strong fungicidal properties and potential as a natural preservative to combat physicochemical degradation caused by Fusarium-mediated dry rot in potato tubers.

Post-harvest decay of Carica papaya L. is the primary cause of deterioration in papaya quality and the low economic impact of this sector in Cameroon. Field surveys conducted by teams from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER) in Cameroon have primarily associated these decays with fungal attacks. However, to date, no methodological analysis has been conducted on the identification of these fungal agents. To reduce post-harvest losses, rapid detection of diseases is crucial for the application of effective management strategies. This study sought to identify the fungal agents associated with post-harvest decay of papaya cv Sunrise solo in Cameroon and to determine their physiological and biochemical growth characteristics. Isolation and pathogenicity tests were performed according to Koch’s postulate. Molecular identification of isolates was achieved by amplification and sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. Phylogenetic analysis was based on the substitution models corresponding to each fungal genus determined by jModeltest, according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Fungal explants of each identified species were subjected to variations in temperature, pH, water activity, and NaCl concentration. The ability to secrete hydrolytic enzymes was determined on specific media such as skimmed milk agar for protease, peptone agar for lipase, and carboxymethylcellulose for cellulase. These experiments allowed the identification of three fungi responsible for papaya fruit decay, namely Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium equiseti, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. All three pathogens had maximum mycelial growth at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, pH 6.5, NaCl concentration of 100 µM, and water activity (aw) equal to 0.98. The three fungal agents demonstrated a strong potential for secreting cellulases, lipases, and proteases, which they use as lytic enzymes to degrade papaya tissues. The relative enzymatic activity varied depending on the fungal pathogen as well as the type of enzyme secreted. This study is the first report of F. equiseti as a causal agent of papaya fruit decay in Cameroon.

Polyalthia longifolia, a member of the Annonaceae family, is traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including as an antidiabetic remedy, primarily in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the potential of six P. longifolia extracts in counteracting hyperglycemia and diabetes-related complications. Aqueous, ethanol, and methanol extracts from leaves and stems were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, and antiradical properties using α-glucosidase, BSA, and ORAC assays, respectively. Phytochemical characterization was conducted using TPC and TFC assays, and HPLC analysis identified specific bioactive compounds, including various phenolic compounds (gallic acid, (+)-catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid) and flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol and baicalein). The MTT assay on the human cell line HT-29 assessed the activity of extracts on cell viability, showing slight cytotoxicity. Results demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity of the ethanol and methanol extracts from P. longifolia leaves. This study provides new insights into the potential use of P. longifolia in diabetes mellitus and supports the valorization of traditional medicinal plants.

This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Trichoderma asperellum organic extract and its emulsion to control cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya. Organic extract was obtained after fermentation of T. asperellum and its emulsion prepared by emulsification. The in vitro antimicrobial assays of organic extract and its emulsion were evaluated and the in situ tests were carried out on detached cocoa pods. T. asperellum inhibited the mycelia growth of P. megakarya at the rates of 52% and 100%, respectively, on dual culture and the cellophane plate. This antagonist produced lytic enzymes such as cellulase, amylase, lipase and protease. The organic extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid and phenol compounds. The emulsion obtained was stable. At 100 μg · ml -1, the extract and its formulation completely inhibited the mycelial growth of P. megakarya. Similarly, when infected detached cocoa pods were sprayed with extract or emulsion, there was a significant reduction of necrosis both for healing and prevention with the latter being the most efficient. For the preventive tests, the total inhibition was recorded at 3000 μg · ml -1 and 1000 μg · ml -1, respectively, with crude organic extract and its emulsion· For curative tests, total inhibition was obtained at 4000 μg · ml -1 and 3000 μg · ml -1, respectively, for preventive and curative tests. There was a significant and positive correlation between the content of biochemical markers and the reduction of necrosis on cocoa pods after treatment with the extract or its formulation. T. asperellum organic extract emulsion could be used as an alternative in the bio- protection of cocoa black pods disease.

Herbs and spices are not merely condiments; they are the essence of our cultural heritage, infusing our cuisine with flavors that do more than tantalize the palate, they offer a spectrum of health benefits. This study meticulously reviews 59 botanicals, 44 spices and 15 herbs, cherished in Cameroon, presenting a treasure trove of ethnobotanical and ethnonutritional wisdom. Fruits emerge as the most favored part of plants used in spices. Herbs often hail from Asia and Europe, and spices from the lush tropics and subtropics of Africa. This review casts a spotlight on the critical role these plants play in culinary artistry and health promotion, thanks to their rich array of bioactive compounds. It navigates through the complexities of sustainable management and conservation, advocating for the longevity of these botanicals for the enrichment of future generations. The paper calls for rigorous scientific research to substantiate the health claims associated with these natural wonders and promotes sustainable harvesting and market expansion. It underscores the necessity of educating the public about the value of these plants. In conclusion, the paper urges continued research into the scientific validation of health benefits, the adoption of sustainable practices, the exploration of value-added products, market development strategies, and heightened public awareness. This research aims to lay a robust foundation for future endeavors, aspiring to holistically manage health and well-being through the sustainable harnessing of these invaluable natural resources.

Mycotoxins are one of the major food poisons for the human’s liver. Their production is generally related to improper food storage condition, mainly cereals and groundnuts. In the present study we assessed the moulds diversity and mycotoxin contamination of smoked fish, one of the most eaten foodstuffs in Cameroon. For this purpose, 1000 specimens of smoked fish were randomly collected from 10 retail markets in Yaoundé and pooled into 50 composite samples. Moulds were isolated by dilution, suspension and culture methods. Identification of fungal was assessed by phonotypical characterization. Three different mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and fumonisin B) were tested on fish. Semi-quantitative immuno-chromatographic assay was used for (AFB1) and Fumonisin B (FB), ELISA assay was used for Ochratoxin A (OTA). The identification of moulds flora associated with smoked fish revealed that they belonged to three genuses namely Aspergillus, Penicillium and Absidia. Only species belonguing to Aspergillus genus appear to produce Aflatoxins. Three types of mycotoxin were detected (AFB1, OTA and FB) with occurences of 76%, 18% and 6% respectively at levels above the reference maximum admissived limits.

Taro leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae affects plant health and is a major threat to taro culture in Cameroon. Chemical fertilizers used often harm the ecosystem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are better alternatives that increase plant growth promotion and suppress phytopathogens. In the present study, a total of 67 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was characterized by 17.91, 5.97, and 4.47% populations of P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, and P. putida, respectively, among the most represented. More than 36% of bacteria showed antagonistic potential through the production of both diffusible and volatile compounds. Some of them (03) exhibited antagonistic activity in dual culture against P. colocasiae with a diameter greater than 13 mm. These rhizobacteria produced a significant amount of siderophore, IAA, SA, HCN, protease, lipases, and cellulases. For the pot experiment, treatment by Pseudomonas significantly increased the enzymatic activity involved in the resistance of taro, such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The two antagonists also increased plant growth parameters of taro such as chlorophyll, plant height, shoot length, total leaf surface, fresh root biomass, and fresh leaf biomass. These findings showed that fluorescent Pseudomonas have an intriguing and undeniable potential in the fight against P. colocasiae, which could lead to the development of a biopesticide in the future.