This study compares the historical preservation systems of Philadelphia, USA and Seoul, South Korea, focusing on regulatory content and implementation procedures to identify the necessary institutional elements for achieving sustainable preservation and utilization of urban heritage. As cities worldwide increasingly emphasize sustainable preservation, this research explores how regulatory frameworks and implementation strategies influence preservation outcomes. The study finds that Philadelphia's adaptive reuse-focused preservation system, which integrates both physical and intangible values, fosters a balance between conservation and modern utilization. In contrast, Seoul's preservation system remains more focused on physical conservation, with strict regulations that limit adaptive reuse and community involvement. Case studies, including Philadelphia's Old City Historic District and Seoul's Bukchon Hanok Village, demonstrate that Philadelphia's integrated, flexible system with proactive public-private cooperation leads to more sustainable outcomes. The study concludes that for sustainable preservation, cities should adopt a regulatory approach that balances preservation with utilization, integrates the city's historical context, and ensures ongoing management through dedicated institutions and regular reviews. Additionally, public-private cooperation, citizen involvement, and diverse financial support policies are essential for successful preservation outcomes. This comparison offers valuable insights for cities seeking to improve their historical preservation systems through sustainable conservation and utilization.

The concept of social infrastructure and its role in building disaster resilience has garnered significant attention in recent years. Defined as physical spaces that foster social connections and vibrant communities, social infrastructure has been recognized as a crucial element in providing support and resources during disasters. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has further emphasized the importance of enhancing social infrastructure. However, divergent perspectives exist regarding the relationship between social infrastructure and socioeconomic factors in terms of distribution. Some studies suggest that the disproportionate distribution of social infrastructure may disadvantage certain racial and socioeconomic groups. Conversely, other research highlights instances where marginalized communities with robust social infrastructure exhibit resilience despite facing social and economic challenges. This discrepancy underscores the need for further investigation to reconcile these differing descriptions. Addressing this gap, this study aims to examine the relationship between social infrastructure, socioeconomic factors, and environmental justice. Specifically, the research question guiding this study is: Is the distribution of social infrastructure in a city related to specific racial or class factors from an environmental justice perspective? Utilizing the ordinary least squares regression, this study reveals that communities with a higher proportion of the non-White population have a greater number of social infrastructures, challenging expectations based on the environmental justice literature.

Existing literature pointed that the economic opportunity cost of having children and gender inequality are the key factors of low fertility. Given the findings, South Korea spent more than 200 billion dollars for the last 17 years and improved gender equality significantly. However, Korea shows the lowest fertility rate in the world. To overcome the limitation of existing literature, this study reinvestigates the factors influencing the intention to have children among young individuals and hypothesizes that young people's childbearing intention is related to how much they trust other people and society, beyond economic factors. This study utilizes the 'Young Adults Survey' conducted by the Korean government in 2022, comprising a sample of 14,966 individuals aged from 19 to 34. Employing logit regression analysis and finds that young adults' perception on social trust and self-actualization possibility have significant impact on their fertility intention. In addition, all the economic factors are not significant for the intention to have two or more children. In contrast to previous studies, income, women's labour force participation, home ownership, and population density are not significant. It implies that the current economic approaches for the fertility promotion policies would not work as expected. Social approaches should be considered to overcome the ultra-low fertility problem.HighlightsSocial capital and self-actualization possibility are crucial factors for childbearing intentionBabies' economic impacts on parents are not a statistically significant factor for childbearing intentionEconomic approaches for the fertility promotion policies would not work as expected; social approaches are required.

This comprehensive study explores urban sprawl in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), emphasizing its rising intensity and complexity despite previous public-led planning efforts. The study aims to visualize the spatial patterns of sprawl and identify influencing factors through spatial regression analysis using grid-based population data created from actual population distributions. This approach fills a gap in the existing literature by moving beyond administrative-level analyses prone to ecological fallacies. This study scrutinizes the dynamics of population change in Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs) in Korea over a decade, focusing on the predatory aspect of urban sprawl. Using grid-based population data and spatial regression analysis, the study finds that population growth is concentrated in unplanned areas with high development benefits. Three key hypotheses were examined: (1) Areas with high development potential, measured through factors like land prices and development plans, attract predatory development; (2) Improved transportation infrastructure encourages population inflow; (3) Non-urban land use, especially bare land, attracts population growth. The results offer important policy implications, particularly for preparing areas with low land prices and improving transportation infrastructures for future population influxes. Monitoring is particularly crucial in areas where development plans are already in place or where there is a high percentage of bare land.

Smart city initiatives have the potential to address many contemporary urban challenges, utilizing information and technology. Increasingly, smart cities are considered as social innovation processes to achieve sustainable and inclusive urban development, being influenced by broader socio-economic and institutional contexts of cities. This paper explores ‘smart city transitions’ across varied urban contexts, in particular, how smart city transitions are enacted and how they contribute to inclusive urban transformation and public value. Using a multiple case studies approach, the research investigated infrastructure planning practices in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Seoul in Korea, Portland in the U.S. and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam, cities that were known for strong efforts to establish integrated platforms to enhance societal benefits. Our analysis showed that each city has addressed its goals around sustainability, equity and affordability by reinforcing the engagement of multiple actors with the support of integrated platforms that facilitate open and multi-directional information flow in a transparent manner. In Amsterdam, innovative solutions for sustainable use of resources have been invented and distributed through multi-level social networks, contributing to the transformation into a circular economy. In Seoul and HCMC, the city's persistent efforts to utilize an open and integrated platform resulted in proactive engagement and collaboration of public and private actors in improving quality, equity and efficiency of transit services. Portland has tackled inequitable access and mistrust issues by setting principles for data governance and facilitating equity in the adoption of innovative technologies. Our research revealed that four cities established different forms of integrated platforms such as a centrally-controlled platform and a community-centred platform in order to address specific socio-economic issues within an institutional setting of each city. We concluded that building an integrated platform is not easy, but it is a critical prerequisite for the process of sustainable transformation to truly achieve smart cities across the globe.

Regional economic resilience is the ability of the regional economy to hold out when there is an economic shock. Interconnectedness between actors in a regional economy is a crucial factor in regional economic resilience, especially for the adaptive resilience. However, extant studies have analyzed the overall regional resilience competencies in terms of advanced technology, productivity input factors (human and physical capital), and agglomeration economies. This study aims to operationalize the concept of the regional economy's network characteristics and empirically analyze the relationship between network characteristics and the resilience of regional economy. We posited the hypotheses on the relationship between the network characteristics of regional industrial ecosystems and resilience. We use the automobile parts yearbook of the South Korea Automobile Association from 1997 to 2019. We built automobile industry transaction data by digitalizing the paper-based records. It operationalized the concept of weak tie using modularity and skewness. As a result, an economic ecosystem with weak ties showed better performance in economic resilience. This study argues that the regional industrial ecosystem is an important, but neglected, factor for the sustainable development of the regional economy.

최근 아파트 매매가격의 급격한 상승과 더불어 지역별 아파트 매매가격이 차이가 나는 비동조화 현상이 관찰되었다. 최근 기대 이익 및 주거 편의성 등 소비자들의 심리는 지역간 아파트 매매가격의 편차를 설명하는 주요 요인으로 설명되어지고 있다. 하지만 설문조사, 검색어, 뉴스 및 소셜 미디어 등 사람들의 심리를 측정하는 방법이 다양함에도 불구하고 다양한 심리변수와 아파트 매매가격 간의 관계를 비교분석하는 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 주택 가격에 유의한 영향을 미치는 기존 거시경제변수와 함께 부동산 시장 참여자의 심리를 대표하는 설문 심리지수와 네이버 검색어 심리지수를 이용하여 아파트 매매가격 간의 관계를 분석한다. 분석의 공간적 범위는 서울, 수도권, 비수도권으로 설정하고 분석방법은 VECM을 사용한다. 분석 결과, 설문 심리지수는 검색어 심리지수에 비하여 단기적으로 안정적이며, 아파트 매매가격과 장기적으로 정(+)의 관계를 보였다. 반 면에 검색어 심리지수는 단기적으로 불안정하며 아파트 매매가격과 장기적으로 부(-)의 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 검색어를 통해 나타난 사람들의 심리가 설문을 통해 나타난 사람들의 심리에 비해 불안정하고 아파트 매매가격에 따라 유사하게 움직이지 않는 특징을 보여주고 있다.

요 약 최근 오피스텔 관련 법령 개정 이후, 부동산 시장은 오피스텔을 주거용으로 인식하기 시작했다.밀레니얼 세대 는 오피스텔의 주 수요층으로 자리하였으며, 오피스텔 분양 시장에서도 그들의 라이프스타일이 주목을 받고 있 다. 그럼에도, 밀레니얼 세대의 라이프스타일을 고려한 오피스텔 임대료의 결정요인에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다.이에, 본 연구는 밀레니얼 세대의 라이프스타일에 따른 주거 어메니티가 오피스텔 임대료에 미치는 영 향을 헤도닉 가격함수를 통해

To cope with the exacerbating housing problem due to urban population increase and rapid urbanization, the number of multi-unit residential complexes (MURCs) is sharply rising. MURCs account for approximately 30% or more of housing stocks in the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas; and much higher in developing world, for example, 58% in Seoul, Korea. Likewise, the share of electricity consumption of MURCs in cities is increasing. Most existing literature analyzed the electricity consumption at household or house level and neglected the electricity consumption in publicly shared spaces and utilities such as outdoor lighting, parking system, elevators (vertical transportation), playgrounds, site water and sewage, management offices, security offices, and so forth. Unlike single houses, MURCs with hundreds or thousands of houses tend to be planned and built all at once, under one site plan. Therefore, urban design or site planning can crucially affect the aggregated electricity consumption at neighborhood level with different land use patterns and spatial configurations, which change light, shade, wind, heat island, reflection for individual houses and public domain. Site plan attributes can also affect residents’ choice of indoor and outdoor activities. A few simulation studies tried to examine the effect of urban design at neighborhood level, but empirical analysis can be hardly found mainly due to data limitation. This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of urban design on aggregated electricity consumption at a neighborhood level. We collected the aggregated electricity consumption data of 1122 MURCs in Seoul during the first half of 2016 and adopted the panel analysis. This study confirmed that more building coverage roads and pavements increase the aggregated electricity consumption; more green open space reduces it. Interestingly, mid-rise and mid-open plan would be the optimum design because of the effect of the number of floors. As the number of floors increases, electricity consumption for vertical transportation increases faster and offsets the benefit of high-rise and high-open plan. The study is significant, because, unlike previous studies, it empirically analyzed the collective consumption of electricity at a neighborhood level, considering the site plan features. Furthermore, this study provides evidence-based implications for sustainable urban design, especially for MURCs.

There is a substantial body of research regarding the relationship between the built environment and travel behavior. Most literature focus on the direct relationship between the spatial characteristics and travel behavior and the results show mixed outcome. We argue that a utility- and activity-based approach is required to better understand the relationship between built environment and travel behavior. In addition, people make multiple non-work activities everyday including shopping, entertainment, food, and other services. Therefore, we hypothesize that people chose their travels to reduce the aggregated travel time for all their activities instead of counting each travel separately. We conducted a Time Use Survey (TUS) at a mixed-use building, called 'Central City Complex (CCC),' and compared the results with National TUS data about Seoul citizens. The analysis confirms that CCC users spend 17.9% less travel time per shopping activity and 46.1% less travel time per meeting. CCC users spend 38.7% less time in travel per 10 min of shopping, 37.4% less per 10 min of art and education activities, and 15.7% less per 10 min of food activity. This study calls attention to utility perspective of people's travel choice, beyond physical aspects of built environment such as distance or density.

The return of COVID-19 outbreaks in Singapore in mid-April shows that successful control at one point in time does not guarantee an end to the pandemic. However, at least at the point of this edito...

본 연구는 국내 MW모형 연구의 주류를 이룬 주거면적 기반의 모형에 가격 기반의 모형을 보완할 필요가 있다는 점에서 시작하였다. 최초 Mankiw and Weil(1989)이 제안했던 주거소비 기반의 모형을 적용함으로써 기존 연구가 제시하지 못했던 몇 가지 시사점을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 이를 위해 통계청이 제공하는 2016 주거실태조사 자료를 사용하였으며, 주거면적 외에 월 주거소비를 계산하여 종속변수로 분석하였다. 첫째로, 1인가구 더미의 효과는 면적모형과 가격모형이 서로 다르므로, 1인가구의 주택수요 고려시 가격모형의 확인이 필요하다. 둘째로, 자가가구의 주택수요는 면적으로 추정할 때보다 가격으로 추정할 때 고령자들의 영향력이 크다. 셋째로, 고령화와 1인가구의 급격한 증가가 예상되는 가운데 면적모형 외에 주거소비모형을 지속적으로 모니터링 할 필요가 있다. 결론적으로 MW모형 기반의 주택시장 수요는 이제까지 주류를 이뤄온 주택면적 기반 추정 외에 주거비지출로 나타나는 수요, 즉 지불의사금액(Willingness to Pay) 차원에서도 다뤄질 필요가 있다.