Rooftop solar micro-power plants mitigate pollution and transmission problems in crowded Indian cities. The Indian government is exploring alternate solutions, and the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) sector is also coming forward to opt for sustainable solutions. This study is focused on the MSME segment in India, which constitutes approximately 63 million entities. Installing a solar system for which a rooftop could be the best place to tap solar energy from these entities is required. Checking the rooftop solar potential of any MSME entity requires a suitable technique to decide which sector to target first and the further order. A unique methodology based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods is presented to rank 10 MSME alternatives with seven criteria. It includes the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) to rank MSME sectors in India with rooftop solar potential. Weights of importance are assigned with three objective techniques and combined with the Bonferroni operator. The ranks attained are compared with different MCDM methods, and sensitivity analysis is performed while changing weights. Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients are utilized to access the correlation levels between various strategies. Finally, Garrett’s ranking technique is used to finalize the different ranks. The results reveal that the MARCOS method performed well, and “textiles” ranks first, followed by “auto and engineering products.” As a result, the leading industrial sectors will help improve energy utilization while concentrating on renewable energy resources.

The design performance of real-time operating gas turbine power plants (GTPPs) deteriorates in terms of efficiency, reliability, and commercial availability due to aging, rubbing, contamination, and other similar problems. A manager minimizes operation and maintenance (O&M) expenses, consociating about the function of its basic structure (i.e., layout and design), availability (maintenance aspects), operation efficiency (trained workforce), safety and security, and other regulatory elements. Understanding plant structure improves performance, economical design, maintenance planning, etc. For a better understanding of design, a technique comprising graph theory, matrix method, and combinatorics is developed to determine the performance of GTPP. Detailed methodology for developing a system structure graph, various system structure matrices, and their permanent functions are described for the GTPP. For accessible and appropriate performance analysis, GTPP is divided into seven sub-systems. Structural interconnections between seven sub-systems of GTPP are as per real-time GTPP. The gas turbine system structure is developed in the form of a digraph. Matrix representation corresponding to digraph representation is developed, which is processed with the help of combinatorics. With the help of a computer programming tool developed in C++ for calculating the permanent of a matrix, the result comes out as a numerical value called the GTPP index. The methodology applied in the present work can be incorporated with standard computer programming tools developed for the performance assessment. In this way, it is easy to assess the dynamic behavior of the gas turbine system, as the methodology of the present work can incorporate tangible and intangible factors. Results obtained from the present methods agree with the available information in the literature.

Advances in developed and developing countries are more attributable to growth in industrial activities that directly impact increasing energy demand. Energy availability has been inconsistent globally, necessitating energy storage (ES) for use as per requirement. Various energy storage technologies (ESTs) are available in mechanical, electrochemical, electrical, chemical, and thermal forms to fulfil the energy demand of a user as and when required. The factors responsible for making a commercially viable energy storage product are further being researched for an eco-friendly and optimal solution to store energy for a longer duration. Researchers are employing different strategies to evaluate the energy efficiency of storage technologies. This paper uses the VIKOR technique to analyze ESTs while assigning objective weights with the entropy weights method based on identified energy performance indicators and ranking them according to their commercialization viability. The method helps a consumer choose better ESTs as per their requirement while manufacturers compete with each other to enhance the commercial value of their energy storage products. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to understand the uncertainties, pros, and cons with the limitations and scope of using the decision model and thus taking an informed decision. The analysis of different energy storage technologies has indicated Hydrogen Fuel Cells (HFC) to be impressive and promising for the future.

A fuel cell, an energy conversion system, needs analysis for its performance at the design and off-design point conditions during its real-time operation. System performance evaluation with logical methodology is helpful in decision-making while considering efficiency and cross-correlated parameters in fuel cells. This work presents an overview and categorization of different fuel cells, leading to the developing of a method combining graph theory and matrix method for analyzing fuel cell system structure to make more informed decisions. The fuel cell system is divided into four interdependent sub-systems. The methodology developed in this work consists of a series of steps comprised of digraph representation, matrix representation, and permanent function representation. A mathematical model is evaluated quantitatively to produce a performance index numerical value. With the aid of case studies, the proposed methodology is explained, and the advantages of the proposed method are corroborated.

Automobiles industry is growing at tempo rate in India. Passenger cars and transportation vehicles contribute a high share in Indian industries. Increasing trend of sports and other off-road activities increases the scope of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Various researches are going on how to increase the efficiency and power to weight ratio of an ATV. Many research papers have already published regarding design methodology of different parts in steering system, transmission system, braking system, suspension system, body design (roll cage), etc. Various organizations arrange competitions for academic students to show their technical and managerial skills through designing and fabrication of an ATV. Various faults occur in ATV during its dynamic testing due to improper design, wrong material selection, etc. Therefore, out of various reasons to fail any component, wrong material selection is also one of the crucial factors. Material selection of components is a strenuous task. Proper functioning and strength of every component employed in different system assembly plays vital role during its racing. To win the competition, optimized design is required with optimum cost. In this paper, material selection of steering rack is performed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, five materials are selected based on various team discussion namely AISI9310, Al7075, EN353, EN24 and AISI D2. These materials are compared based on four criteria namely Brinell hardness, density, material cost and Young's modulus. The best material comes out to be EN24.

The demand for energy in the modern world is increasing exponentially with further industrialization and the advancement in technologies. As such, non-renewable sources of energy are undoubtedly most sought after. Solar energy sources have been in use for a long time, though their overall contribution to energy has only increased in the last decade. Research has provided breakthroughs resulting in efficient solar panels used in solar power plants. Due to the high quantity of solar panels required, the selection of vendors of the solar panels should be decided by taking identified quantitative and qualitative criteria into consideration. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Modelling (MCDM) techniques, can be used for the ranking of vendors. The objective of this work is the selection of vendors of solar panels based on identified quantitative and qualitative criteria. A hierarchical structure of criteria has been drawn based on MCDM. The vendor list qualifying for the final round of selection are the alternatives of FAHP. Solar panel expert opinion is used for pairwise comparison. However, the subjectivity issue arises in pairwise comparison and is dealt with with the fuzzy approach. The application based on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making will serve as a guideline for other similar selection processes.

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has simplified the subjective decision-making process to a great extent, thereby contributing to its popularity. The process primarily involves the development of the hierarchical structure of the given system to be analyzed based on multiple criteria affecting it. The goal to be achieved by the system is indicated on top, while criteria and sub-criteria affecting it are placed beneath it in order, forming a hierarchical structure validation. A list of available alternatives, out of which the most optimum needs to be selected based on analysis, is placed last in the structure. AHP has been widely used in diverse decision-making situations including, but not limited to, ranking, resource allocation, benchmarking, choice selection, conflict resolution, forecasting, quality improvement, etc. Subjectivity issues during the comparison of criteria have come under criticism due to separate values provided by different evaluators. The problem has been mitigated to a large extent by using the fuzzy approach, thereby significantly removing the inaccuracies and uncertainties of the input data. Furthermore, different sigmoid functions and quantification of different factors are also versed. A brief discussion on the commonly used defuzzification methods, i.e. Centre of Sums (CoS), Centroid of Area (CoA), is also presented.

In the present work energy and exergy analysis of an operation 82 MWe cogeneration thermal power plant is performed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The plant has been divided into subcomponents. Plant energy and exergy efficiencies are 35.95% and 33.15% respectively. Exergy destruction for different plant components has been determined and sensitive components have been identified. It gives logical solution to improve the power production opportunities in thermal power plants.

Efficient use of fuel and reliable operation of the combined cycle power plant is a function of skilled man power and proper mix of maintenance strategies. The objective of maximum utilization of resources can’t be met without apt planning at management level. Evaluation impact of policies decided by the management on the performance of the labour is to be evaluated constantly so that pros and cons may be studied and epitomized for the future. In comparison to other organizations electricity generation industry effects more today’s dynamic market more in terms of production. Market conditions are affected by shortened electricity supply, poor transmission system, technological advancements and intense pressure from competitors and high quality and low cost expectations from customers. In the present work analysis of a gas turbine based power plant is presented which can be used for the improvement in the system.

In the present work energy and exergy analysis of an operation 82 MWe cogeneration thermal power plant is performed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The plant has been divided into subcomponents. Plant energy and exergy efficiencies are 35.95% and 33.15% respectively. Exergy destruction for different plant components has been determined and sensitive components have been identified. It gives logical solution to improve the power production opportunities in thermal power plants.

Design and maintenance of gas turbine system is a very complex phenomena. Therefore, it is required to develop some methodology which is helpful for the cost saving and health monitoring of the gas turbine system. There are many points of deliberation for the maintenance. Such as blade casing is made soft. In case blade strikes with casing then casing must be rubbed off and blade must be saved. Blade design of gas turbine system is comprised of design of fan blade, compressor blade and gas turbine blade. Fan blade is pushing the air in the backward direction and in return air pushes it in the forward direction. A tip stresses are maximum. At the time of take-off maximum amount of thrust is required. Structure of gas turbine system is stretching type. To minimise the problem of maintenance a methodology for the assessment of maintenance criticality index (MCI) is proposed on the basis of GTA.

This paper presents a methodology based on graph theoretic approach (GTA) to design a new gas turbine power plant (GTPP), upgrading of existing plant and evaluation of two real life operating gas turbine power plants. Different combinations may be recommended by a manufacturer to an organization for selecting or improving the thermal efficiency of a power plant. This paper recognizes various design parameters affecting the gas turbine power plant efficiency. All these parameters are interacting with each other by different amounts. An attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model of GTPP from these interacting parameters using GTA. A GTPP efficiency index is proposed which assesses the influence power of these parameters.

Energy demand of the world is increasing exponentially every year. Gas turbine power plants are playing the key role in meeting the energy demands either alone or in combined mode. In the present work mathematical modelling of Gas turbine power plant is carried out in the computer programming tool EES (Engineering Equation Solver). From the results it is found that as the air intake mass flow rate is increased from the 80 kg/s to 115 kg/s then cost of equipment purchase is increased by 43.75%. Higher mass flow rate requires the air compressor of bigger size. Therefore, the cost of air compressor is increased. If compression ratio of air compressor is increased from 8 to 20 then cost of air compressor is increased by 2.59 times. Efficiency of air compressor has most dominating effect on the cost of air compressor. The ratio of cost for the compressor with efficiency 88% to 80% is four. The increase in cost of equipment is justified by comparing it with saving in cost of fuel due to decrease in exergy destruction.

Exergy-based cost analysis aims at determining the costs of products and irreversibility (exergy destroyed) generated in energy conversion processes. This combination of exergy analysis with economic concepts is called thermo economic analysis. In this present work analysis the cost of exegy destruction in sub-system of gas turbine power plant and find the evolution of price for exergy destruction in each component of gas power plant operate on per unit fuel consumption and also study the two factors which effect cost of exergy destruction in gas turbine power plant component are turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and cycle pressure ratio (CR). Keyword: Exergy destruction, Turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and Cycle pressure ratio (CR), Exergy destruction

In the present work, for the site selection of thermal power plant a methodology based upon Graph Theory and Matrix Method (GTMM) is proposed. The objective of this research is to first identify, rank and relate the important factors and sub factors relevant to the power plant location selection and provide a framework of relationships amongst factors using Graph Theory Approach (GTA). GTA is a systematic and logical approach which synthesizes the interrelationship among different parameters or sub-system parameters and provides a score for the entire system that is helpful for site selection of power plant.

Unit electricity generation cost from an energy resource such as coal with the help of energy conversion systems such as cogeneration cycle power plant (CGCPP) is dependent upon many of the factors such as (a) system structure which is comprised of layout and design (b) system availability which is further dependent upon maintenance (c) power plant thermal efficiency and other regulatory aspects. These are the parameters which are affecting power plant performance. These are numerous in number and nature. For the complete analysis of cogeneration cycle power plant a multi attribute decision making (MADM) technique is required to study the effect of one parameter on the others. In the present analysis a combination of two mathematical tools graph theory and matrix method is used to develop a methodology to evaluate cogeneration cycle power plant performance. The maximum and minimum value of cogeneration cycle power plant performance index is calculated which indicates the range with in which it can vary. This range can be compared with real time value in order asses the relative performance of the system in real time situation.