La leptospirose est une zoonose cosmopolite, mais surtout fréquente en zones tropicales, dans les îles de Mayotte et La Réunion, et elle infeste l’Homme lors de contacts avec l’urine d’animaux infectés. Dans ces deux départements d’outre-mer, les cas surviennent toute l’année, mais essentiellement entre février et mai, après le pic de la saison des pluies. En 2022 ont été recensés 131 cas à Mayotte et 169 cas à La Réunion, avec une atteinte masculine nettement prédominante. Les enquêtes ont révélé, dans 60 % des cas, la présence d’au moins un animal au domicile des patients et la présence de rats à proximité de leurs habitations. Ainsi, dans ces régions, la vaccination contre la leptospirose est conseillée pour les personnes à risques.

Appendicitis is a common clinical problem but is not specific to a parasite. A 43-year-old patient consulted for digestive troubles, mostly acute abdominal pain, in the right part. Taenia saginata was found in appendectomy. Different parasites were found in the histopathological evaluation of the appendix, mostly Enterobius vermicularis, but also Ascaris, Taenia, amoeba, and Schistosoma. Acute appendicitis was proven by submucosal fibrosis, active suppurative inflammation, and active granulomas surrounding eggs or larvae of parasites. However, parasites were detected by chance in uninflamed and histologically normal appendices or appendices with chronic inflammation removed during other surgical procedures. The role of parasites in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis is unclear. An adapted antiparasitic treatment is always necessary after appendectomy following finding parasites.

Las parasitosis intestinales constituyen una de las etiologías frecuentes de las enfermedades del tracto digestivo, particularmente en pacientes originarios de países tropicales o que han viajado a ellos. Dado que algunas son cosmopolitas, también hay que pensar en ellas en pacientes que nunca han estado en ultramar. Los trastornos digestivos que provocan estas diversas parasitosis suelen ser inespecíficos, como dolor abdominal difuso o limitado (epigastralgias), diarrea, náuseas o vómitos. Sin embargo, algunos síntomas (prurito anal nocturno) permiten orientarse más particularmente hacia un parásito, sobre todo en los niños (oxiuros). El examen parasitológico de las heces (examen directo y concentraciones) es el elemento clave del diagnóstico. Es útil repetirlo al menos tres veces para evitar los períodos negativos. Para determinados parásitos, resultan indispensables otras pruebas más específicas: prueba de la cinta adhesiva anal (oxiuros, Taenia), método de extracción de Baermann (estrongiloides), intubación duodenal (Giardia, duela), frotis de las heces (Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium), rectoscopia y biopsia de la mucosa rectal (esquistosomiasis) con hisopo rectal (amebas). Existen actualmente pruebas rápidas para la detección simultánea de varios protozoos. Los fármacos antiparasitarios, derivados imidazólicos, eficaces y bien tolerados, presentan un amplio espectro de actividad y una prescripción de corta duración, lo que permite una mejor observancia.

Objectives: Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease of zoonoses and the best treatment for this parasitic disease is cryosurgery. From time immemorial, many protoscolice-destroying chemicals have been used to inhibit the distribution of protoscolices within the cyst during surgery. However, the side effects of chemical compounds and medicinal plants should always be considered. Due to the antiparasitic properties of Bunium persicum (Boiss), this study was performed to evaluate and compare the effects of B. persicum (Boiss) essential oil and albendazole on protoscolices inside hydatid cyst in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this study, the essential oil used from the desired plant seeds was prepared. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to determine its components. Hydatid cyst protoscolices were extracted from hydatid cyst-infected livers and exposed to B. persicum (Boiss) (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL) for 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively. The viability of protoscolices was measured by the effect of plant essential oil by eosin staining. Albendazole was also used as an effective antiparasitic drug in this study. Results: The amount of essential oil protoscolices at 2.5 μg/mL in 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes was 48.5%, 68.2%, 79.5%, and 96.1%, respectively. The antiparasitic drug albendazole showed less toxic effects at similar doses at the same intervals, but both treatment groups had a significant effect (P<0.001). The highest toxic effects of essential oil were observed at a concentration of 10 μg/mL 30 minutes after treatment. For albendazole, this effect was achieved at a dose of 10 μg/mL after 2 hours. Conclusions: The results and statistical data of this study showed that the essential oil of B. persicum (Boiss) in comparison with the antiparasitic drug albendazole has an acceptable scolicide effects in hydatidosis and can be used as an alternative to scolicide compound.

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Most cases of hydatid cysts have been reported from the liver and lungs. This study reported a case of a renal hydatid cyst in a 16-year-old patient. Case Report: The patient was a 16-year-old boy from Bonab, East Azerbaijan province, who presented to the physician due to pain in the right side during urination. The CT scan showed a 34×41 mm cystic mass calcified in the middle of the right kidney. The patient underwent surgery successfully, and pathological findings confirmed the existence of cysts. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the age of the renal hydatid cyst is decreasing and can be considered as many problems for the health of children and society, and any organ of the body can be attacked with E. granulosus. Therefore, the hydatid cyst should be suspected by observing any adhesive space in the kidney. The calcified hydatid cyst has been rarely reported in a 16-year-old boy.

Giardia intestinalis is a highly common parasite in humans. It is cosmopolitan and can remain asymptomatic. Most commonly, Giardia infection causes intestinal disorders such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Severe infection can produce a malabsorption syndrome. Refractory giardiasis is due to some reservoirs such as the diverticulum or gallbladder. The authors present an uncommon case of chronic giardiasis due to the appendix as the reservoir. The parasitological examination of the gall-bladder was normal, while the appendix revealed a great number of Giardia. The patient was cured after the appendectomy.

Plasmodium falciparum , responsable d’accès de paludisme potentiellement mortel, persiste habituellement moins de deux mois dans l’organisme humain infesté. Nous rapportons un cas survenu chez un sujet splénec-tomisé, deux ans après avoir quitté une zone d’endémie. Une apparition tardive de l’infection parasitaire peut-être également observée en cas de persistance d’une immunité acquise contre l’hématozoaire ainsi que lors de la grossesse.

De nombreux acariens sont présents chez les animaux, en particulier les volailles. Parmi eux, Dermanyssus gallinae peut provoquer du prurit intense chez les personnes en contact avec les volailles. Le diagnostic de l’infection humaine est difficile et nécessite une enquête minutieuse ; son traitement n’est que symptomatique et la lutte contre cet acarien est difficile.

L’épidémie de Covid-19 a atteint l’île de Mayotte, département français d’outremer en mars 2020. Depuis cette date, et jusqu’à début septembre, 3 374 cas ont été diagnostiqués, dont 75 cas en service de réanimation, ayant évolué vers un décès dans 40 cas. Le dépistage et les mesures barrière sont difficiles à contrôler dans ce pays

Background Imported loiasis is a rare cause of consultation at the return of stay in central Africa, which often poses difficult diagnostic and therapeutic questions to practitioners especially those who are unaccustomed to tropical medicine. These difficulties can lead to risks for the patients especially if inappropriate treatment is given. Large series of imported loiasis are scarce. Methods We retrospectively studied the data including outcome in patients diagnosed with imported loiasis between 1993 and 2013 in the Paris area on the basis of a parasitological diagnosis (microfilaremia > 1/ml and/or serologic tests). We compared sub-Saharan and non sub-Saharan African patients. Results Of the 177 identified cases, 167 could be analysed. Sex ratio was 1, mean age 41 years and 83% were sub-Saharan Africans. Cameroon was the main country of exposure (62%). Incubation time may be long (up to 18 months). Of the 167 cases, 57% presented with characteristic symptoms (Calabar swellings, creeping dermatitis, eyeworm) whereas 43% were diagnosed fortuitously. Microfilaremia was evidenced in 105 patients (63%), and specific antibodies in 53%. Compared to sub-Saharan Africans, other patients were presenting less frequently with eyeworm migration and microfilaremia whereas they had higher eosinophilia and positive serology. Prevalence of Calabar swellings was not significantly different between the two groups. Cure rates were 52% with ivermectin alone, and 77% with ivermectin followed by diethylcarbamazine. No severe adverse event was reported. Conclusions Presentation of imported loiasis varies according to ethnicity. A systematic screening should be recommended in patients with potential exposure in endemic country. Treatment with ivermectin followed by diethylcarbamazine could be a valuable option.

À l’occasion du cas d’un enfant mahorais atteint d’ascaridiose à Mayotte, un bilan des parasitoses intestinales dans cette île a été réalisé. Il a révélé une régression de leur prévalence depuis 2008.

La leptospirose, zoonose la plus fréquente dans le monde, a l’incidence la plus élevée des départements et régions d’outre-mer à Mayotte. Un Comorien de 32 ans immigré à Mayotte se présente pour fièvre et myalgies depuis huit jours. Les examens mettent en évidence une leptospirose, rapidement résolutive sous doxycycline. L’incidence en 2017 est de 66,3 cas pour 100 000 habitants, soit 170 cas déclarés. L’activité agricole et les co-expositions à la maladie (vie rurale, habitat dégradé, divers animaux et rats dans l’environnement, accumulation de déchets dans les rues) sont des facteurs majeurs de risque de contamination à Mayotte. Une amélioration de l’hygiène générale est indispensable pour diminuer l’incidence de cette infection.