This manuscript reports the deposition of holotypes of fossil species of Radiolarian described by Patrick De Wever in the Micropaleontology collections of the Mus & eacute;um national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris. They belong to the Universit & eacute; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and are deposited in the MNHN because of their fragility, impossibility to remove from SEM stubs where they are mixed with MNHN specimens and to maintain the integrity of the collection (sediments, processed residues, picked specimens). They correspond to 91 species described from Permian to Cretaceous deposits worldwide, in 13 scientific articles published between 1981 and 1995. In order to inform the scientific community of the institutional localisation of this important collection, an annotated alphabetic list by genera is provided, including the original citation for each species, type locality, age, collection number, and subsequent re-attributions and synonymizations. The adjustment of one collection number has been necessary because of a duplicated number. R & Eacute;SUM & Eacute;: Ce manuscrit rapporte le d & eacute;p & ocirc;t d'holotypes d'esp & egrave;ces fossiles de Radiolaires d & eacute;crits par Patrick De Wever dans les collections de Micropal & eacute;ontologie du Mus & eacute;um national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris. Ces holotypes appartiennent & agrave; l'Universit & eacute; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et sont d & eacute;pos & eacute;s au MNHN en raison de leur fragilit & eacute;, de l'impossibilit & eacute; de les retirer des plots MEB o & ugrave; ils sont m & eacute;lang & eacute;s aux sp & eacute;cimens du MNHN, et pour conserver l'int & eacute;grit & eacute; de la collection (s & eacute;diments, r & eacute;sidus trait & eacute;s, sp & eacute;cimens pr & eacute;lev & eacute;s). Ils correspondent & agrave; 91 esp & egrave;ces d & eacute;crites des d & eacute;p & ocirc;ts du Permien au Cr & eacute;tac & eacute; & agrave; travers le monde, dans 13 articles scientifiques publi & eacute;s entre 1981 et 1995. Afin d'informer la communaut & eacute; scientifique de la localisation institutionnelle de cette importante collection, une liste alphab & eacute;tique annot & eacute;e par genre est fournie, incluant la citation originale de chaque esp & egrave;ce, la localit & eacute; type, l'& acirc;ge, le num & eacute;ro de collection, ainsi que les & eacute;ventuelles r & eacute;attributions et synonymisations ult & eacute;rieures. L'ajustement d'un num & eacute;ro de collection a & eacute;t & eacute; n & eacute;cessaire en raison d'un num & eacute;ro dupliqu & eacute;.

The chapter is focused on ex situ geoheritage, i.e., to say on collections, and more specifically those hosted by museums. These objects have different status. They were collected for different purposes (e.g., scientific value, aesthetic appearance, archive significance) and therefore their use varies accordingly. Geoheritage collections disseminate knowledge, both for students and the general public. Acquisition policy is therefore guided by the preservation of a current state of nature, culture or mankind. Regarding acquisition, a new concern has arisen in the last years since science has been confronted by issues of land rights and rightful ownership. Acquisition policy has to conform with international conventions and the International Council of Museums Code of Ethics and needs to address two issues: the commercial value of geological samples and the political interest of governments.

In recent years, interest in geoheritage among scientists and the broader public alike seems to be growing. However, concern for geological heritage is relatively late, compared to that of living heritage. Actions for protections have long remained marginal. The increase in the number of views on this notion has gone along with a reflection on its meaning and a multiplication of the number of laws to accommodate situations and be able to take into account the diversity of possible cases. In this paper, after a historical review, we propose a synthesis of this notion of geoheritage, as it is currently underway in France. We support our point on specific examples, and especially those that have an echo at the international level: in stratigraphy, for example, with the list of stages based on French localities, as well as in petrography and mineralogy with the lithotypes or minerals whose name is linked to the territory. Finally, we deal with the legal aspects, which apply to objects (movable geoheritage), geosites, especially with recent developments because of these texts, and databases that govern the operation and current development of geoheritage.