Anthropology NewsVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 18-18 Attending to Public Issues Richard B. Woodbury, Richard B. Woodbury U of Massachusetts, AmherstSearch for more papers by this author Richard B. Woodbury, Richard B. Woodbury U of Massachusetts, AmherstSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 January 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/an.2002.43.3.18AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume43, Issue3March 2002Pages 18-18 RelatedInformation

American AnthropologistVolume 104, Issue 1 p. 299-302 Richard Stockton MacNeish (1918-2001) Richard B. Woodbury, Richard B. Woodbury University of Massachusetts, AmherstSearch for more papers by this author Richard B. Woodbury, Richard B. Woodbury University of Massachusetts, AmherstSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 2002 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.299AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Jia Lanpo 1980 Early Man in China. Beijing : Foreign Languages Press. Jia Lanpo and Weiwen Huang 1990 The Story of Peking Man. New York : Oxford University Press. Volume104, Issue1March 2002Pages 299-302 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The history of archaeology has often, not surprisingly, bene mainly concerned with sites, their excava­tors, and what they found. But of equal importance are the attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions that shape the interpretation of archaeological data. LeBlanc, in Prehistoric Warfare in American Southwest, argues that the long held belief in the essential peacefulness of the prehistoric Anasazi and other South­ western peoples can be shown to be wholly incorrect, and therefore much that has been written about the prehistoric Southwest needs extensive rethinking. Warfare was an important feature of the ancient Southwest, and he presents carefully marshalled evidence, in great details, to uphold his conclusions.

Archaeological reports and monographs tend to follow a fairly formal style and it is the. rare author who includes recollections of life in the field, budget cuts, or such problems as finding enough workspace in the museum or department. Also, a significant amount of fieldwork never gets reported, although the Current Research section (and Notes and News before it) in Amercan Antiquity pro­vided a great deal of valuable information not available elsewhere, until it was killed off by the editor in 1994.

BEGINNINGS The Smithsonian Institution, in which the Bureau of American (BAE) was lodged administratively throughout its existence, was founded in 1846 after rancorous congressional debate about the relative merits of using James Smithson's bequest for establishing a national library, for training teachers, for an astronomical observatory, for mineralogical collection, or for other diverse purposes (Washburn 1965: 24-27). Joseph Henry, a distinguished physicist who was professor of science at Princeton, was appointed its secretary and his plans for research immediately included archaeology, linguistics, and the acquisition of material for museum exhibits. Henry excluded physical (biological) anthropology because, as Curtis Hinsley (1981: 22) expresses it, he found it politically explosive and morally repugnant. It was not until 1903 that the Smithsonian included physical anthropology in its research, with the appointment, by William H. Holmes, of Ales Hrdlicka to a position in the U.S. National Museum. In the Institution's first year Henry Rowe Schoolcraft had submitted to the regents A Plan for the Investigation of American Ethnology that urged research on the earthworks of the Mississippi Valley, creation of a Library of Philology, and acquisition of artifact collections from Indian tribes for a Museum of Mankind; ethnology at that time was equivalent to what we call anthropology today. This plan closely paralleled Joseph Henry's own program. The importance that the Institution placed on archaeology from its very first years was symbolized by the inauguration in 1848 of the series Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge with the landmark volume Ancient Monuments of the MissisRi chard B. Woodbury is professor emeritus

American AnthropologistVolume 101, Issue 3 p. 616-618 Alden Cary Hayes (1916–1998) Richard B. Woodbury, Richard B. Woodbury University of Mossachusetts–AmherstSearch for more papers by this author Richard B. Woodbury, Richard B. Woodbury University of Mossachusetts–AmherstSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1999 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.3.616AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume101, Issue3September 1999Pages 616-618 RelatedInformation

"Archaeology is a priceless, dispassionate eye into the past for the artifacts of ancient times provide a telling record of human behavior, of the ways in which different members of a society negotiated with one another and coped with prevailing conditions. In the final analysis, the human past is not just a record of rulers and statesmen going about their business... It is a record of continual, ever changing interactions between people, rich and poor, important and humble… The challenge for the archaeologist is to reconstruct and understand the past using only the durable and surviving remains of ancient behavior."

Recently James E. Snead, a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Anthropology at the American Mu­seum of Natural History, encountered in the department archives a letter from A. V. Kidder to Pliny E. Goddard . It is from "correspondence file 546 of the department archives, AMNH (A. V. Kidder)". With the approval of David H. Thomas of the Museum, it is published here.

Those interested only in the history of archeology may be disappointed in this volume, as it is less about the Hemenway Expedition as seen through Baxter's articles on it, than it is about his articles on Cushing at Zuni, as well as in southern Arizona, on Baxter himself (a fascinating person), and on how Baxter and his contemporaries shaped a late 19th century popular image of the Southwest However,this book maybe more important for its portent than its content.It is the initial volume of a proposed multi-volume series, "Frank Hamilton Cushing and the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition 1886-1889." The editors (actually, co-authors rather than only editors) have unearthed, to use an appropriate archaeological term a substantial amount of previously unexamined material relating to the Hemenway Expedition, com­pletely controverting the negative (and, quite wrong) response that Frederick W. Hodge gave to Emil W. Haury's inquiry about records of Cushing's excavations.

Adolph F. Bandelier (1840-1914) is best known for his work in the Southwestern United States, particularly among the pueblos and prehistoric sites of the Rio Grande area, although he did extensive field and archival research in Mexico and South America as well. Self-taught, like most of his contemporaries, his research included archaeology, ethnology, history, and geography, plus a serious interest in botany, zoology, and meteorology. Bandelier was born in Bern, Switzerland, but when he was eight his family moved to the largely Swiss settlement of Highland, Illinois, 30 miles east of St. Louis, where he attended school, was tutored privately, and taught by his well educated mother. He mastered German and English, as well as his native French, and later added Spanish and Latin. For many years he worked in his father's general store, finally, at the age of forty, making the difficult decision to devote himself to scholarship rather than business. In 1869 at the St. Louis Mercantile Library he had begun the study of prehistoric Mexican cultures. He met Lewis Henry Morgan on a trip to the east and for many years was greatly influenced by his view of cultural evolution, but he.remained far more fact oriented than concerned with theory. Bandelier's first major work, "On the Art of War and Mode of Warfare of the Ancient Mexicans," was published in 1877 by the Peabody Museum of Harvard.

Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie, K.B.E., F.R.S., F.B.A., revolutionized Egyptian archaeology in the first two decades (1880- 1900) of his long career: he set new standards by insisting on keeping a complete record of all that was found. including broken as well as whole objects; he introduced the use of pottery styles for dating rather than using only inscriptions; he substituted "a sympathetic and personal relationship" with his workman for the customary use of the lash to spur them on; he rewarded care and vigilance; he extended the list of kings of Egypt back to their beginning; and "his most triumphant and ingenious contribution to archaeological method [was] the system known as Sequence Dating," today called seriation. He also stunned classical archaeolo­gists by dating early the Minoan civilization on the basis of sherds found in dated Egyptian contexts--a technique now familiar as cross-dating. His work was a total contrast to the carelessness and looting that passed for Egyptian archaeology in the 19th and early 20th centuries. His career is painstakingly chronicled here by one of his last students.

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The history of archaeology is nourished by many sources of information, including the books and monographs that reflect archaeology's changes through the years (compare, for example, the important works of Squier and Davis, of Kidder, and of Flanenry), the formal histories Of the discipline (few and far between, though we are fortunate to have the differing views of Trigger, of Willey and Sabloff, and most recently of Thomas Patterson), and not the least important, the occasional biography or autobiography of an archaeologist, such as the one here reviewed. In his foreword C. MelvinAikens writes "Jesse D. Jennings is one of the most distinguished and influential founders of North American archaeology as it is known and practiced today, and this memoir offers a glimpse of the field's crucial growth period as reflected in the real-life experience of a leading protagonist". This is a fair appraisal-during Jennings' career archaeology has undergone profound changes and lie has played a major role in .many of them.

An elitist anachronism (a semi-private old boys' and girls' network)? Or a unique window on the past (what archaeologists said informally, year by year, about what they were doing and thinking)? Or both? The Teocentli ("The" was later dropped) began in May 1926 when Carl E. Guthe of the University of Michigan, sent a mimeographed letter to 45 friends and col­leagues, proposing an informal newsletter or round-robin to provide periodic communication among archaeologists and others "who are working in various phases of those Indian cultures which came to owe their development to a knowledge of maize cultivation." He took the name 'Teocentli' from the "native Mexican grass from which maize is supposed to have developed."He began his letter by asking "How many of you can give the details of the work…[of] each of the forty-five men listed on the second sheet of this letter? I'll wager few of you can.. Yet every one of them is working on archaeological problems which are related to those upon which you are working. Suppose we could get... together for a meeting... Would you want to tell them of your work and listen to their reports? ... Since such a meeting 'in the flesh' is out of the question. the next best thing would be a note from each one, wouldn't it?"

Hewett's career was notable for many things. including effective support of the 1906 Antiquities Act [United States], first director of the School of American Archaeology (later, School of American Research) in Santa Fe in 1907, first director of the Museum of New Mexico in 1909, professor of anthropology at State Teachers College, San Diego, in 1922, head of the new department of archaeology and anthropology at the University of New Mexico in 1927, and head of the anthropology department at the University of Southern California. 1932. Douglas W. Schwartz has described Hewett's career as "characterized by great energy and intelligence directed to a series of activities, but each to be superseded by the next as new interest arose...

The American Philosophical Society (APS) was founded in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin (then only 37 years old) and is North America's oldest scholarly organization. The archaeological interests of Thomas Jefferson, who became its third president in 1797, are not mentioned in this history but it is worth noting that besides his well known pioneering excavation of a burial mound in 1784 he sent out a circular letter for the APS to secure information on archaeological remains, stating, "The American Philosophical Society have [sic] always considered the antiquity, changes, and present state of their own country as primary objects of their research".

In the early 19th century there were no "archaeologists" as we use the term today, although antiquarians studied the relics of the past, mainly of the classical world but occcasionally also Egypt and other distant, exotic lands, and dilettantes, men of wealth and taste, collected antiquities. Gardner Wilkinson, the subject of this excellent biography, considered himself neither, but rather a gentleman traveler and writer. He became interested in Egypt only by accident Leaving Oxford in 1819 before completing a degree he began a Grand Tour, the long-standing tradition of travel on the Continent by which an English gentleman "completed" his education. Wilkinson's tour included Paris, Strasbourg, Geneva, Turin, and Rome, where he met Sir William Gell, a scholar with whom he struck up an instant friendship.