The common bean cultivar IAC 2358 Unamax is characterized by a black seed coat and indeterminate type II growth habit. It has a 90-day growth cycle, mean 1000-seed weight of 260 grams, yield potential of 3,391.67 kg ha-1, and tolerance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Fusarium oxysporum.

The common bean cultivar IAC 2560 Nelore has an indeterminate type II growth habit, a normal 80-day cycle, a mean 1000-seed weight of 290 grams, and a yield potential of 5,508 kg ha-1. It is resistant to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum physiological races 81, 465, and 479.

The cultivar IAC 2459 Navy, belonging to the white bean group, has small seeds, a 1000-seed weight of 160 grams, an average 80-day cycle, cooking time of around 23 minutes, 20% protein content, resistance to anthracnose, and yield potential of 3,785 kg ha-1-1.

The cultivar IAC 2561 Tiger is a colored pinto-type common bean, derived from the cross IAC Tigre & times; Vibrante, has a type II indeterminate growth habit, a mean 1000-seed weight of 350 grams, an average 85-day cycle, and a yield potential of 3,978 kg ha-1.

ABSTRACT: Using panicle rachis to manufacture artisanal brooms and the leaf and stem to produce forage can be a viable solution to incentivize the broom-type sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). However, fitting the most suitable sowing density to achieve top productivity is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate agroeconomic responses and chemical composition of broom-type sorghum cultivars (Dwarf IAC 10V50, IAC 10V60, and IAC 10V70) subjected to planting densities (80,000; 120,000, and 160,000 plants ha-1) conducting two trials at the same harvest season. Growing 80,000 plants ha-1 led to taller plants (2.73 m) and longer panicles (51.0 cm) likely because of the lower competition for resources (e.g., water and soil minerals), but the planting density did not affect other agronomic traits. Dwarf IAC 10V50 was shorter (2.30 m) than the others (2.70 m), displaying a lower dry matter yield. A higher concentration of total digestible nutrients was found in the leaves and stems of the Dwarf IAC 10V50 (569.7 g kg-1) compared to the others (525.4 g kg-1). Growing the IAC 10V70 led to a higher percentage of non-defected panicles and a higher gross income (US$ 3058.86 ha-1). Adopting planting densities of up to 160,000 plants per hectare is possible without significantly affecting agroeconomic responses and broom-type sorghum’s chemical composition. The Dwarf IAC 10V50 displays a great forage potential while the IAC 10V70 has the best traits for generating profit with broom manufacture.

ABSTRACT The herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D are widely used to control weeds in various crops. The rubber tree crop is exposed to these molecules, which can interfere with its establishment. This study aimed to assess the effects caused by the drift of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and the combination of both, in different proportions corresponding to 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64% of the recommended dose (1,440 and 804 g a·e·ha-1 of glyphosate and 2,4-D, respectively). The characteristic symptoms when 2,4-D was present in the drift began with wilting and shriveling of young leaves and, at the highest doses, quickly progressed to chlorosis, shoot epinasty, and edge necrosis, while mature leaves showed a brown color, culminating in a high rate of fall. The effects of glyphosate were intensified after leaf flushing, which occurred 120 days after its application and resulted in long, narrow, twisted leaves in a spiral shape and deformed shoots. Drift above 32% from the combination of glyphosate and 2,4-D resulted in a high mortality rate, while 16% damaged growth and resulted in the death of some plants. The results indicate that drift from the combination of glyphosate and 2,4-D intensifies the symptoms of phytotoxicity in rubber trees, with drift above 8% being harmful. For the herbicides applied alone, there was full recovery of the plants in the drift of up to 16%, so it is important to avoid the drift of these herbicides in the management of weeds in the rubber tree crop.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the wheat crop as a forage potential subjected to different fertilization and sowing densities in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The design used was randomized blocks in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme with 3 replications, with 3 fertilization managements (without fertilization, organomineral fertilization and mineral fertilization) and 4 sowing densities (200, 350, 500 and 650 seeds m2). The chosen wheat cultivar was MGS Brilhante. For agronomic characteristics, a greater plant height was observed in the fertilized treatments, with an average of 111.28 cm, regardless of the type of fertilizer. For fresh matter and dry matter production, the mineral fertilization treatment showed a 19.76% and 18.99% higher production, respectively, compared to the others. Regarding the leaf percentage variable, there was an average reduction of 25.65% in the treatment without fertilization compared to those with fertilization. Concerning the bromatological composition, there was only a difference in neutral detergent fiber, with an average increase of 6.32% with organomineral fertilization compared to the other treatments. The use of broadcast mineral fertilizer promotes superior results in terms of dry matter yield (5.55 t ha-1 compared to organomineral fertilizer (4.63 t ha-1). Increasing sowing density does not affect crop yield.

The exchange of technologies used in field cultivation for hydroponic systems can potentially increase plant development and grain production, requiring studies to verify the best management forms, such as growth-promoting bacteria and biostimulant compounds. With this in mind, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of thiamine and niacin, alone and combined, to soybean plants in the absence and presence of inoculation with B. japonicum on the agronomic and physiological characteristics of the crop grown in an ebb and flow hydroponic system. Eight treatments were evaluated using t-test (LSD) and Tukey’s test, both at 5% probability (P<0.05), in addition to Pearson correlation and canonical variables. The treatments consist of inoculation with B. japonicum at 1 mL 500 g−1 seeds (with and without) and foliar application of four solutions (water, niacin (0.1 g·L−1), thiamine (0.1 g·L−1), and niacin + thiamine (0.05 g·L−1 + 0.05 g·L−1)). We found that inoculation significantly improved the parameters evaluated and resulted in a gain of approximately 84.8% in yield when compared by t-test (P<0.05). In addition, the action of the vitamins was more significant when they were applied without the presence of B. japonicum, especially niacin, either alone or combined with thiamine, which increased yield parameters in this condition, identified when the Tukey’s test (P<0.05) was applied. We conclude that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean seeds grown in a hydroponic system significantly benefits the development and grain yield, mainly when combined with vitamin solutions. Niacin also has the potential to be used alone or combined with thiamine in noninoculated or inoculated hydroponic soybean crops, respectively.

he objective of this work was to evaluate the mass yield for silage, its nutritive value and the grain yield of 15 maize cultivars. The experiments were carried out in the 2022/2023 harvest, in Mococa, Tatuí and Votuporanga. There were plots of six lines of five meters, with four replications, in a randomized block design. There was interaction (p>F) between cultivars and locations for plant height (AP), dry matter yield (PMS), grain yields at ensilage (PGS) and at maturity (PGM), starch content, acid detergent fiber (FDA) and neutral detergent fiber (FDNom). It is interesting to note that the cultivar AG 8701 PRO3 showed a high potential for milk yield per hectare in the three locations, indicating its productive stability in different soil and climate conditions, while other cultivars performed differently depending on the environment. The average dry matter productivity was 20.99 t.ha-1 in Mococa, 19.06 t.ha-1 in Tatuí and 15.38 t.ha-1 in Votuporanga. The grain productivity at the time of ensiling was 8.49, 7.00 and 6.23 t.ha-1 for Mococa, Tatuí and Votuporanga, respectively, these grains being of great importance in the nutritional value of the forage, due to the presence of starch, positively influencing milk yield per ton of dry matter. Keywords: Starch, fiber, Milk, TDN, Production.

The project was developed at Fazenda Terra Nobre, in Meridiano, São Paulo State. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four repetitions, using five treatments, consisting of the dose of rock powder: T1: Standard treatment (0 t ha-1); T2: 1.25 t ha-1; T3: 2.5 t ha-1; T4: 5 t ha-1; T5: 10 t ha-1. The plots contained 5 lines with 90 plants in total, and 20 useful plants, being 1 central line, 1 on the right side, 1 on the left side and 1 line edge on the right side and 1 line edge on the left side. Leaves were collected on the central lines, the right and left side of each plot and sent for leaf analysis of nutrient content and the data were subjected to the analysis of regression variance. The continuation of experimentation is required to obtain more conclusive data from the use of rock powder on leaf nutrient contents of the rubber tree culture.

Quantifying the wood volume of forest stands is essential for planning sustainable forest management. The most efficient means of quantifying wood volume is volumetric equations. Many models for adjusting volumetric equations have been developed and tested, but their suitability for agrosilvipastoral systems remains unclear. To address this gap, we assessed the ability of six volumetric models to generate estimates of the total volume with bark of eucalyptus hybrids Grancam 1277 and Urograndis H-13. The trees were cultivated in an agrosilvipastoral system in an Arenic Hapludult in the municipality of Votuporanga, São Paulo State, Brazil, which is within the Cerrado biome. For Urograndis H-13, the Takata model was most accurate for quantifying volume, as it gave the highest F test (178.38) and adjusted coefficient of determination (0.93) values and the smallest standard error (0.06). The nonlinear and linear Schumacher-Hall models were most accurate for Grancam 1277, as this model gave the highest F test (54.59) and adjusted coefficient of determination (0.8) values and the smallest standard error (0.07).

Evaluations of cultivar competition are of paramount importance for the indication of these for a given area of cultivation. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the agronomic performance of different soybean cultivars in different locations within the Northwest Region of the State of São Paulo in the 2022/23 season, in order to identify the most suitable cultivars for planting in the region. Cultivar competition trials were installed in 5 municipalities in the Northwest Region of the State of São Paulo (Itápolis, Novais, Orindiúva, Sales and Votuporanga/Meridiano). In the five locations, the experiments were installed in a randomized block design with 3 replications and carried out as recommended for the crop, evaluating grain yield at 13% moisture. The means of the results were grouped using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. With the exception of Itápolis, all studied locations showed a favorable performance for soybean production with most of the evaluated cultivars. Most of the cultivars studied are agronomically suitable for cultivation in the Northwestern Region of the State of São Paulo, with emphasis on cultivars CZ26B47, CZ26B55 and CZ37B39. Keywords: Genetical enhancement. Glycine max. Cultivar competition. Productivity.

IAC VR211 and IAC VM211 were developed for growing in Brazil with the aim of responding to the domestic and export market. The cultivars have a mean cycle of 85 days and yield potential of 2,191 kg ha-1 for IAC VR211 and 1,603 kg ha-1 for IAC VM211.

To address the problems of acidity in the surface and subsurface layers and improve soil chemical fertility, three methodology of surface application of hydrated lime (HL) (4Ca(OH)(2)Mg(OH)(2)) (ensure that calcium (Ca)(+2) occupied 70%, 60%, and 50% of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the 0.0-0.2 m layer) were evaluated in a Typic Hapludalf in conventional pasture system (CPS), no-till system (NTS), and agropastoral system (APS) in Brazil. The results support the following conclusions: (a) the application of HL corrects surface and subsurface acidity and improve the soil chemical fertility: increasing pH and magnesium (Mg)(2+) content in the CPS, NTS, and APS in the 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m layers; increasing base saturation (BS) and Mg+2/CEC in the CPS, NTS, and APS in the 0.0-0.2 m layer; increasing Ca+2 content, CEC, and Ca+2/CEC in the NTS and APS in the 0.0-0.2 m layer; reducing total acidity in the CPS, NTS, and APS in the 0.0-0.2 m layer and in the NTS and APS in the 0.2-0.4 m layer; reducing total acidity and increasing Mg+2/CEC in the NTS and APS in the 0.2-0.4 m layer.

The project was developed at the IAC, in Votuporanga, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four repetitions, using five treatments: sorghum culture: standard treatment (without insecticide application, T1); Colossus BT-2 (B. thugingiensis subsp. Kurstaki) and Comander (C. subtlesugae) at doses of 0.3 L ha-1 and 0.2 L ha-1, respectively (T2); 0.4 L ha-1 and 0.3 L ha-1, respectively (T3); 0.5 L ha-1 and 0.4 L ha-1, respectively (T4); application of chemical insecticides (T5); bean culture: standard treatment (without insecticide application, T1); Application of Ultron-S+A (S. spinosa) at doses of 0.2 L ha-1 (T2); 0.3 L ha-1 (T3); 0.4 L ha-1 (T4); application of chemical insecticides (T5). The plots were 5.0 x 5.0 m, totaling 25 m2. In sorghum culture was evaluated the incidence (%) of plants with the presence of caterpillars in the leaves; the incidence (%) of plants with caterpillars attack symptoms in the leaves; the incidence (%) of plants with the presence of aphids in the leaves; the incidence (%) of plants with symptoms of attack of aphids in the leaves; final stand ha-1 and grain yield ha-1. In bean culture was evaluated the incidence (%) of plants with the presence of caterpillars in the leaves; the incidence (%) of plants with symptoms of attack of caterpillars in the leaves; the incidence (%) of plants with the presence of thrips in the leaves; the incidence (%) of plants with thrips attack symptoms in the leaves; final stand ha-1 and grain yield ha-1.

This work delves into LCC-LCC inductive power transfer (IPT) for in-motion electric vehicle charging, also known as dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT). Utilizing Ansys Maxwell software, coupling factor values are determined for rectangular-shaped inductors, considering lateral and vertical misalignments between primary (road-based) and secondary (vehicle-based) coils. The analysis of vehicle motion is accomplished through changes in the coupling factor. Matlab simulations are employed to evaluate IPT power and efficiency concerning misalignments, vehicle bus voltage, and vehicle speed. Efficiency is calculated using power measurements of the primary and secondary DC bus, and losses are attributed to the IPT inductor's resistances. Results show over 90 % efficiency for 2–14 kW power, depending on coupling and vehicle bus voltage.

Although the burrower bug (Cyrtomenus mirabilis) is considered a vitalsoil pest in peanut crops, Arachis hypogaea L., in South America, there is little information on its occurrence and damage characterization. This study aimed to evaluate the vertical distribution and fluctuation of the burrower bug in the soil and the damage this species causes in peanuts. Two peanut cultivars (IAC OL3 and IAC 503) were evaluated in three locations in the state of São Paulo: Pindorama, Ribeirão Preto and Votuporanga, in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 harvests. Trenches were dug 0.5 m long, 0.3 m wide and 0.3 m deep, along plant lines at four spots on each sampling date, and stratified in layers 10 cm deep. Plant samples (0.5 m) were collected and evaluated for number of pods and percentage of kernels with symptoms of insect damage. More than 85 % of the C. mirabilis population was found in depths of up to 10 cm, especially after plant fructification, and an increase in nymphs from 100 days after sowing (DAS) was seen when an increased number of maturing pods was observed. The occurrence of nymphs and adults of C. mirabilis and their damage to peanut kernels was similar in both cultivars (IAC OL3 and IAC 503), when these were harvested according to their developmental cycles.

Nowadays, inductive power transfer systems (IPT) have located numerous application, highlighting for example the charging of cell phone batteries, and electric vehicles. In the present article, the IPT is applied in such a way that the load voltage is kept constant, and it is implemented a Kalman filter that utilizes a signal synchronized with the inverter output voltage and the voltage measured at the rectifier switch as input variables. As output signal, the filter provides the voltage across the secondary compensation capacitor. The output of the Kalman filter is used as one of the switching signals of the rectifier that supplies the load. Computer simulations are performed in the Matlab environment for different values of load resistance and coupling factors of the IPT, where the maintenance of the load voltage is perceived.

???IAC Sempre Verde??? is a medium-seeded runner-type peanut highly resistant to late leaf spot and rust, the main diseases in peanut cultivation in Brazil. The newly released cultivar showed remarkable yield advantage over controls when diseases were not controlled and represents the first possibility for peanut cultivation under ???Organic??? management.