Peer support as an important approach to mental health recovery has gained increasing global attention in recent years.On the basis of a review of the development of community-based peer support services in the United States and Australia,combined with an examination of local practices in China,this study analyzes the current status and future directions of peer support services in the Chinese context.In the United States,peer support services have been established,forming a professionalized framework that includes training,certification,and career development,with strong policy and insurance support.In Australia,peer support has been widely integrated into community mental health services and has achieved institutionalization and standardization driven by government funding and collaboration with social organizations.China's peer support services,however,remain at the exploration and promotion stage,with notable gaps in standardized training,professional certification,career pathways,and policy safeguards.Looking ahead,the development of a systematic and multi-stakeholder collaboration framework of community-based peer support services,guided by national policies,is essential for enhancing the professionalism,standardization,and sustainability of services,thereby contributing to the continuous improvement of China's community-based mental health rehabilitation system.

Mental health is a vital component of overall health. Mental disorders, characterized by high prevalence and disability rates, impose a substantial burden on individuals, families, and society. Mental health rehabilitation services are essential for assisting individuals in regaining social functioning and reintegrating into societal activities, including work, education, and social engagement. In recent years, the Chinese government has increasingly prioritized mental health rehabilitation. This has been demonstrated through the introduction of numerous relevant policy documents and the implementation of key initiatives. These include the Management and Treatment Program for Severe Mental Disorders, self-help and mutual aid programs for persons with disabilities, and the Mental Health-Social Integration Initiative. These efforts have significantly advanced the development of mental health rehabilitation services, particularly in community-based settings. This article analyzes the development of major mental health rehabilitation policies and services in China, discusses future trends, and aims to provide insights to inform future policy-making and service prioritization.

ObjectiveTo examine the setting-up and utilization of psychological assistance hotlines up to 2022 in the mainland of China for the improvement of psychological hotline service.MethodsUsing a questionnaire developed by professionals of National Mental Health Program Office, we conducted a survey among public psychiatric medical facilities and mental health institutions in 31 provincial level administrative divisions of the mainland of China, and monthly information on the number of psychological assistance hotlines established, service hours, receivers, consultants, and callers during 2022 were collected and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in data analyses.ResultsDuring 2022 in the mainland of China, totally 650 psychological assistance hotlines were setup mainly by public psychiatric medical facilities and mental health institutions and 68.3% of the hotlines could provide 7-day/24-hour service. For the hotlines established, the total number of receivers was 1 288 ( averagely 0.9 for per 1 000 000 population) and that of consultants engaged in the hotline service was 8 152 (averagely 5.8 for per 1 000 000 population); the average number of calls per hotline was 1 668; the number of calls (2 656) received by the hotlines in the eastern economic region was higher than that in the central (1 765) and western economic regions (800) (H = 6.159, P < 0.05), and the number of calls (10 665) received by the hotlines at province-level administrative regions was higher than that at municipal (1 198) and district/county-level regions (426) (H = 30.417, P < 0.01). ConclusionThe psychological assistance hotline was one of appropriate resources for the public to seek mental health service and has been highly utilized, and the hotline service needs to be improved in the mainland of China.

Background: Few studies have examined whether social support contributes to better consequences among chronic patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in their community recovery stage and whether self-stigma would be a mechanism through which social support impacts psychiatric symptoms and personal and social functioning. Aims: This study aimed to examine prospective associations of social support with long-term self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning, and to investigate whether self-stigma would mediate the associations of social support with psychiatric symptoms and personal and social functioning among patients with SMI. Methods: A total of 312 persons with SMI (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) in their community recovery stage participated in the study. Social support, self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning were evaluated at baseline. The follow-up assessment was conducted at 6 months with the baseline measures except for social support. Hierarchical linear regression and mediation analysis were performed. Results: The results showed that baseline social support predicted decreases in stigma (β = −.115, p = .029) and psychiatric symptoms (β = −.193, p < .001), and increases in personal and social functioning (β = .134, p = .008) over 6 months, after adjusting for relevant covariates. Stigma at 6 months partially mediated the association between baseline social support and 6-month psychiatric symptoms (indirect effect: β = −.043, CI [−0.074, −0.018]). Stigma and psychiatric symptoms at 6 months together mediated the association between baseline social support and 6-month personal and social functioning (indirect effect: β = .084, 95% CI [0.029, 0.143]). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide comprehensive social support services and stigma reduction interventions at the community level to improve the prognosis of SMI.

ObjectiveTo understand the current status of psychotherapy and counseling resources in mental health institutions in Chinese mainland, and provide a reference for the formulation of relevant policies. MethodsFrom May to June 2021, the National Mental Health Program Office conducted a resource survey using a self-designed questionnaire on 3 833 institutions providing psychotherapy/counseling services across all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in Chinese mainland. The data were collected and summarized by mental health program offices at all levels in each region and reported to the National Mental Health Program Office. ResultsNationwide, 64.56% of mental health institutions provided psychotherapy/counseling services, with 65.24% of psychiatric specialty hospitals and 69.44% of psychiatric (psychological) departments in general hospitals offering these services. Among the mental health institutions providing psychotherapy/counseling services, 52.54% had independent departments undertaking these services. Psychiatrists accounted for the largest proportion (65.61%) of the personnel providing psychotherapy/counseling services. The quantity of psychotherapy/counseling service resources (1 663 institutions and 13 061 personnel) and the number of service providers per unit land area (122.14 per 10,000 square kilometers) in mental health institutions in eastern China were higher than those in central (1 022 institutions, 9 064 personnel, and 53.63 per 10 000 square kilometers) and western regions (1 148 institutions, 9 259 personnel, and 13.52 per 10 000 square kilometers). ConclusionIn recent years, the number of mental health institutions providing psychotherapy/counseling services has increased significantly. However, the coverage and distribution of resources across eastern, central, and western regions remain uneven, requiring further improvement.

Mental health is a major component of overall health. Before 2009, the inequity between supply and demand of mental health services in China was extremely prominent, and the mental health service system faced significant challenges. In 2009, China embarked on its new healthcare system reform. The government attributed much more importance to mental health services and introduced a series of policies and measures to improve the mental health service system, as well as personnel service capability and service models. For example, the Mental Health Law was issued, community mental health services were expanded to the whole country, more psychiatric hospitals and clinics were built, the number of psychiatrists was increased through academic education, and a comprehensive mechanism of interdepartmental cooperation in mental health was established to improve service delivery. Furthermore, the mental health of key groups such as children, adolescents and older people was emphasized, and more attention was gradually paid to patients with common mental disorders to realize the stepwise transformation from an individual-focused mental health approach to a public-focused one. Most of the implementations began with pilot projects that developed practical experience and then expanded all over the country. This article summarizes and analyses the important mental health policies and implementations in China from 2009 to 2020 and prioritizes the next steps.

ObjectiveTo examine the status quo of mental health prevention and control management facilities (MHPCMFs) up to 2020 in the mainland of China for providing evidence to the development of infrastructure and strategies of mental health prevention and control. MethodsThe information on the status of MHPCMFs at province, municipality/prefecture, and district/county level in 31 province-level administrative divisions (PLADs) across China was collected during May – June 2021 using a questionnaire designed by The National Mental Health Program Office. The organizational system and personnel of the MHPCMFs were analyzed. ResultsBy the end of 2020, totally 3 315 MHPCMFs were established at all PLADs, 99.70% of 333 municipalities/prefectures and 99.73% of 2960 districts/counties in the mainland of China. Of the established MHPCMFs, only 7 were independent legal entities and 3 308 were affiliated to health institutions or government departments, with 77.42% of the province-level and 76.51% of the municipality/prefecture-level MHPCMFs affiliated to mental health medical facilities and 61.25% of the county/district-level MHPCMFs affiliated to centers for disease control and prevention. The total number of personnel in the established MHPCMFs was 9 846, among which 34.43% were public health physicians, 17.79% were registered nurses, and 15.57% were psychiatrists and there were a few psychological therapists/counselors and social workers in the MHPCMFs. The average number of personnel engaged in services provided by the MHPCMFs was 0.7 for 100 000 population. The median number of staff was 6, 3 and 2 for the MHPCMFs at province-, municipality/prefecture-, and county/district-level, respectively. ConclusionThe management system for mental health promotion has been developed nationwide and at various administrative level across the mainland of China, but the established MHPCMFs were lack of mental health professionals, suggesting that professional allocation in the MHPCMFs needs to be improved.

目的 分析中国2009—2020年精神专科医院资源及服务利用情况,为十四五期间完善精神卫生服务体系提供参考.方法 对2009—2020年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》中精神专科医院的相关数据进行分析.使用Excel软件进行描述性统计和图表制作,使用SAS9.4软件进行统计分析.结果 2009—2020年,精神专科医院数量由637家增长至1801家,床位配置由每万人口1.11张增长至3.71张,精神科执业(助理)医师由1.35名/10万人增长至3.22名/10万人;年门急诊诊疗人次数由1815.5万人次增长至4450.0万人次,年入院人数由83.6万人增长至265.9万人,平均住院日稳定在50天左右.结论 2009—2020年,中国精神专科医院医疗资源大幅增加,精神卫生服务利用增幅明显;研究提示新冠肺炎疫情直接影响精神专科医院卫生服务利用.

Objectives:To analyze the allocation of mental health resources in Chinese mainland and the change of these resources during the 13 th Five-year Mental Health Plan period. This analysis will serve as evidence for developing future national mental health prevention and control policies. Methods:The National Mental Health Program Office created one questionnaire to survey available mental health facilities by the end of 2020. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the mental health facilities, psychiatric beds, and mental health professionals from type, sponsor, administrative level, regions, and sub-specialities.Results:By the end of 2020, 5 936 facilities were providing mental health services in Chinese mainland. 798 191 psychiatric beds (5.65 beds/10 000 persons), 50 124 psychiatrists (3.55/100 000 persons), and 139 642 registered nurses (9.89/100 000 persons) were located in these facilities. Of all these 5 936 mental health facilities, 649 (1.09%) had geriatric psychiatric wards, 312 (0.53%) had child psychiatric wards, and 1 548 (26.08%) had rehabilitation departments. 350 counties (12.31%) had no mental health facilities and 883 counties (31.05%) had no psychiatric beds in Chinese mainland, mainly in the mid-western regions. The numbers of psychiatric beds, psychiatrists, and registered nurses per unit land area in the western region were about 4 times lower than those in the middle region and 7-11 times lower than those in the eastern region.Conclusions:The mental health resources in Chinese mainland increased significantly from 2015 to 2020, but there are still the problems of uneven geographical allocation of resources and lagged sub-specialities development. While formulating the construction and development plan for mental health prevention and control system in the future, we should further develop the mental health resources at the county level, and vigorously support to establish of mental health sub-specialities for the elderly and children, as well as mental health rehabilitation, particularly in the mid-western regions.

目的 了解精神卫生人员职业倦怠现况及影响因素,提出相应建议.方法 选取国家级精神卫生继续教育培训班学员作为研究对象,采用李超平等人修订的职业倦怠调查普适量表(MBI-GS)和自行设计的问卷对研究对象进行调查.结果 共有312名调查对象完成调查问卷,其中24.4％的精神卫生人员有一定程度的职业倦怠,8.9％存在情感衰竭,5.2％存在消极工作,17.4％存在成就感低下.不同的婚姻状况、单位性质、职业类型、聘用形式的受调查精神卫生人员的职业倦怠不同维度的平均得分差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论 应重视精神卫生人员的职业倦怠问题,采取有效措施,缓解其倦怠情况发生.

目的 分析2011-2018年我国精神卫生床位资源配置的公平性,为政府优化资源配置提供参考依据.方法 查阅《中国卫生统计年鉴》等相关资料,对比分析2011年和2018年我国精神卫生床位资源配置的情况,采用基尼系数、泰尔指数评价精神卫生床位资源按人口和地理面积配置的公平性.结果 2011-2018年我国精神卫生床位资源配置总量呈上升趋势,按人口配置和按地理面积配置的公平性水平均有所提升,按人口配置的公平性优于按地理面积配置的公平性,资源配置的不公平性主要来自于组内差异.结论 在未来精神卫生床位资源配置相关政策的制定中应兼顾服务人口和面积,提升按地理面积配置的公平性,缩小东、中、西部地区内部差异.

Introduction: Community-based services for psychosis are an important part of mental health services in China. We analyzed community-based follow-up and treatment services for psychosis in China in 2019 to provide evidence for policymaking and services delivering. Methods: Data from the National Information System for Psychosis were used to analyze usage of the information system and the registration, management, and treatment situation of patients with psychosis in China in 2019 and compared the results of 2019 with that of 2018. Results: In 2019, 100% of cities and counties used the information system and 6,230,157 patients were registered. In 2019, there were 5,944,724 registered patients (94.05%) in China under community-based follow-up services and 5,375,252 patients (85.04%) had regular follow-ups; 5,295,657 patients (83.78%) were treated by taking antipsychotics and 3,354,251 (53.07%) patients took medication regularly; 4,974,314 patients at home (87.81%) were in stable condition; and there was a significant difference in patients' stable condition and medication-taking rates among eastern, central, and western regions (p<0.05). Compared with 2018, the nationwide regular management rate, medication-taking rate, regular medication-taking rate, and patients' stable rate increased by 2.35%, 2.48%, 11.29%, and 7.21% respectively. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice: Compared with 2018, the level of management and treatment improved significantly but still needs to be further strengthened, especially in western China.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">精神健康是健康的重要组成部分,我国严重精神障碍患者数量庞大,常见精神障碍和心理行为问题逐渐突显。近年来,我国高度重视精神卫生工作,不断出台系列政策措施,如将社区精神卫生服务推广至全国,完善精神卫生服务体系,建立精神卫生综合管理机制,从重视疾病预防向促进全民心理健康发展等,以提高服务的公平性和可及性。本文对2009-2019年我国重要精神卫生政策与实施进行梳理与分析,旨在帮助精神卫生人员熟悉现行精神卫生政策的发展脉络,了解工作中的薄弱环节,明确下一步工作重点。</span>

目的 分析我国精神科床位资源配置的变化趋势,评价精神科床位资源配置的合理性.方法 利用2003-2014年《中国卫生统计年鉴》和2015-2016年《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》时间序列数据,以精神科床位为研究指标,通过基尼系数和聚集度对不同地区的床位分布变化趋势进行分析,并提出对策建议.结果 我国精神科床位基尼系数持续稳定在0.4以下,但地区间配置聚集度差异大.结论 全国精神科床位整体分布均衡,但区域间配置不合理性差异较大,应注重各项资源的协调发展,做好区域规划,以满足当地精神卫生服务需求.

目的:了解北京市社区卫生服务机构内部服务质量,完善社区卫生服务管理机制.方法:采用SERVQUAL量表为理论基础编制的社区内部服务质量问卷,对北京市4个区县10个社区卫生服务中心及下属卫生站的699名卫生人员进行问卷调查.结果:北京市社区卫生服务机构内部服务存在质量差距,差距较大的几个维度是薪酬与福利、工作环境、工作认可度;不同工作岗位的员工对内部服务质量的评价不同.

<正>抑郁是一种心境异常低落、不愉快的负性情绪状态,个体长期处于抑郁状态,会导致心理障碍的发生。有学者指出,抑郁在正常人群中的发生率,呈不断增长的趋势,成为21世纪影响人类身心健康的主要危险因素。抑郁情绪在高校学生群体中也是经常出现的,且成为影响大学生学习的主要原因之一。大学生不同程度抑郁情绪的检出率较高,性别、专业、