DNA marker-based discrimination between a wild-type specimen and mutants obtained using heavy-ion beams (because of small genomic and genetic mutations) is challenging in mutation breeding. Protecting the plant breeders' right to mutate cultivars is challenging because tissue culture techniques that use the protocorm-like body (PLB) can quickly propagate. Thus, we present two methods for generating DNA markers in Cymbidium using genomic mutations induced by heavy-ion beams. In the first method, we selected 8-16 plants from three cultivars after irradiation that had no mutations in morphology or traits, followed by genome scanning using 240 sets of 15-mer random amplified polymorphic DNA primers and arbitrarily primed PCR primers based on partial retrotransposon sequences. Three polymorphic patterns were generated in each cultivar. In the second method, cultivar candidates were generated by crossbreeding, and a strain was selected. Genome scanning was performed on 43 plants irradiated by applying a carbon- or neon-ion beam to the PLB and using five random primer sets that allowed many scorable bands. Polymorphic patterns were detected in two strains at all micropropagation steps via the PLB and in second-flowering plants. These data demonstrate that strains with the same appearance after heavy-ion beam irradiation can be distinguished using polymorphic DNA patterns alone. These patterns were defined as "DNA marks" for intracultivar identification. In cases where multiple strains of DNA marks are obtained in one cultivar, DNA marks can realize the feasibility of DNA-level traceability from production to market.

Dynamic projection mapping is an interactive display technology, which is capable with multiplayers with naked eyes for augmented reality. However, the fixed and shallow depth-of-field of the projector optics limits its potential applications. In this work, a high-speed projection mapping method with a dynamic focal tracking technology based on a variable focus lens will be illustrated. The proposed system included a high-speed variable focus lens, a high-speed camera, and a high- speed projector, so that the depth and rotation information would be detected and then served as feedback to correct the focal length and update the projection information in real time. As a result, the information would be well-focused projected even on a 3D dynamic moving object. The response speed of the high-speed prototype could reach around 5 ms, and the dynamic projection range covered from 0.5 to 2.0 m.

Background Plant genome information is fundamental to plant research and development. Along with the increase in the number of published plant genomes, there is a need for an efficient system to retrieve various kinds of genome-related information from many plant species across plant kingdoms. Various plant databases have been developed, but no public database covers both genomic and genetic resources over a wide range of plant species. Main body We have developed a plant genome portal site, Plant GARDEN (Genome And Resource Database Entry: https://plantgarden.jp/en/index ), to provide diverse information related to plant genomics and genetics in divergent plant species. Elasticsearch is used as a search engine, and cross-keyword search across species is available. Web-based user interfaces (WUI) for PCs and tablet computers were independently developed to make data searches more convenient. Several types of data are stored in Plant GARDEN: reference genomes, gene sequences, PCR-based DNA markers, trait-linked DNA markers identified in genetic studies, SNPs, and in/dels on publicly available sequence read archives (SRAs). The data registered in Plant GARDEN as of March 2023 included 304 assembled genome sequences, 11,331,614 gene sequences, 419,132 DNA markers, 8,225 QTLs, and 5,934 SNP lists (gvcf files). In addition, we have re-annotated all the genes registered in Plant GARDEN by using a functional annotation tool, Hayai-Annotation, to compare the orthologous relationships among genes. Conclusion The aim of Plant GARDEN is to provide plant genome information for use in the fields of plant science as well as for plant-based industries, education, and other relevant areas. Therefore, we have designed a WUI that allows a diverse range of users to access such information in an easy-to-understand manner. Plant GARDEN will eventually include a wide range of plant species for which genome sequences are assembled, and thus the number of plant species in the database will continue to expand. We anticipate that Plant GARDEN will promote the understanding of genomes and gene diversity by facilitating comparisons of the registered sequences.

運動や変形を伴う対象に対してプロジェクションマッピングを施すダイナミックプロジェクションマッピング(DPM) に関する研究が盛んに行われ，多彩な発展を見せている．本稿ではプロジェクションマッピングとDPM では要求されるシステムの高速性が決定的に異なることを指摘し，その高速性を実現する高速ビジョンチップや高速プロジェクタ，高速画像処理といった高速ビジョン技術群を紹介する．更に，これら高速ビジョン技術を用いて無拘束かつ多次元の表現に向けて進化を続けているDPM の応用研究について解説する．

A wide range of research areas have high expectations for the technology to measure 3D shapes, and to reconstruct the shape of a target object in detail from multiple data. In this study, we consider a high-speed shape measurement technology that realizes accurate measurements in dynamic scenes in which the target object is in motion or deforms, or where the measurement system itself is moving. We propose a measurement-method that sacrifices neither measurement density nor accuracy while realizing high speed. Many conventional 3D shape measurement systems employ only depth information to reconstruct a shape, which makes it difficult to capture the irregularities of an object's surface in detail. Meanwhile, methods that measure the surface normal to capture 3D shapes can reconstruct high-frequency components, although low-frequency components tend to include integration errors. Thus, depth information and surface normal information have a complementary relationship in 3D shape measurements. This study proposes a novel optical system that simultaneously measures the depth and normal information at high speed by waveband separation, and a method that reconstructs the high-density, high-accuracy 3D shape at high speed from the two obtained data types by block division. This paper describes the proposed optical system and reconstruction-method, and it evaluates the computation time and the accuracy of reconstruction using an actual measurement system. The results confirm that the high-speed measurement was conducted at 400 fps with pixel-wise measurement density, and a measurement accuracy with an average error of 1.61 mm.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are able to project virtual images to human eyes at a certain depth distance. This virtual image distance can be adjusted by controlling the diopter of the near-eye display. However, it is difficult to measure accurately and continuously since this virtual image distance spans a large range. In this work, we propose a method to accurately determine the virtual image distance of commercial VR/AR equipment. The measurement apparatus is built and calibrated to validate the feasibility. The focal distance of the focus-tunable lens can be automatically adjusted via a step motor by cooperating with the image sharpness analyzing program. Compared with other proposed methods, ours provides an effective means to achieve high accuracy, a wide and continuous testing range, and automatic evaluation of virtual image distance for compact near-eye displays.

High-speed 3D shape sensing is an essential technology for three-dimensional recognition and manipulation in dynamic scenes. However, conventional high-speed sensing methods mainly focus on the image capturing speed and the actual processing time to obtain a point cloud is not optimized in the measurement scheme and sensing pattern configuration. On the other hand, measurement latency is critical to respond in real-time and physically handle the dynamic scenes. This paper introduces a physically stereo-rectified projector-camera system for high-speed and low-latency 3D sensing with fast sequential memory access in the decoding process. Moreover, we configure a structured light pattern named “Parallel-bus pattern” with a De Bruijn torus and clock lines to maximize information density and robustly decode the pattern as data transfer in a parallel bus interface. We measured dynamically moving and deforming objects with the proposed system and evaluated the measurement performance. As a result, the developed 3D sensing system with the parallel-bus pattern achieved 27K-points measurement at higher than 1000 fps with 0.336 ms latency and 0.838 mm accuracy on average.

Computed tomography (CT) generates cross-sectional images of the body. Visualizing CT images has been a challenging problem. The emergence of the augmented and virtual reality technology has provided promising solutions. However, existing solutions suffer from tethered display or wireless transmission latency. In this paper, we present ARSlice, a proof-of-concept prototype that can visualize CT images in an untethered manner without wireless transmission latency. Our ARSlice prototype consists of two parts, the user end and the projector end. By employing dynamic tracking and projection, the projector end can track the user-end equipment and project CT images onto it in real time. The user-end equipment is responsible for displaying these CT images into the 3D space. Its main feature is that the user-end equipment is a pure optical device with light weight, low cost, and no energy consumption. Our experiments demonstrate that our ARSlice prototype provides part of six degrees of freedom for the user, and a high frame rate. By interactively visualizing CT images into the 3D space, our ARSlice prototype can help untrained users better understand that CT images are slices of a body.

For a projector-based virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) display, a large depth of field and a high-speed image refresh rate are important keys to improve the projector's performance. Here, we propose a solution that extends the depth of field of the projection using a variable-focus lens and a high-speed projector as well as a control method that synchronizes oscillation of the variable-focus lens with the high-speed projector. The experiment confirms that the proposed system can project the well-focused and dynamically changeable contents on six different planes. Its projection range varies from 0.3 m to 1.5 m, and the refresh rate is 166.7 Hz.

Projection is traditionally considered to be a display device that projects information onto a large flat screen with a fixed distance. Along with this social consensus, projection is developing in the direction of high resolution, high brightness, and a large field-of-view. The scope of the projector is not only limited to the flat screen at a fixed distance, but also can be projected onto the surface of the object with an irregular surface or a dynamic moving object. This dynamically changing technique enhanced the visual appearance by using the projection, and it is also called projection mapping. Projection mapping has wide potential application fields, such as advertisement, art, augmented reality, and digital medical. The projection-based display has a more practical effect that multiple people can enjoy the scene with the naked eye at the same time. However, the projection focal length and the target distance has been adjusted in the initial stage. The range of depth-of-focus (DOF) is narrow, and meanwhile the dynamic performance of the projector is slow, due to the mechanism of the optics unit, in Fig. 1. In the real world, a certain object has a depth dimension, which sometimes the scale becomes out of the tolerance of the DOF. On the other hand, if the projection mapping is conducted on a moving object, the focus plane of the projection might get out of the DOF field. As a result, the narrow and low dynamic of the projector’s DOF limits the application of the projection mapping.

Depth measurement and normal measurement have an advantage in different spatial frequency and are complementary in 3D shape measurement. However, conventional measurement of depth and normal is performed exclusively or in time-division manner and high-speed simultaneous measurement has not been achieved. In this paper, we propose a new optical system setup for high-speed simultaneous measurement of depth and normal with an active stereo method and a photometric stereo method. Furthermore, we propose a high-speed 3D shape reconstruction method using GPU, which combines complementary information obtained from the two measurements. We evaluated the throughput of the prototype system and the result shows high-speed depth and normal simultaneous measurement and 3D shape reconstruction are performed at 500fps.

To capture an all-in-focus and 3D depth image, shape from focus method is widely used. The phase accuracy of the image candidates should be processed and adjusted beforehand. Phase only correction method was employed in this work and to accelerate the processing speed, the image processing by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was optimized. Meanwhile, the processing task was assigned in several parallel threads so that the performance would be improved. The method was used on a variable focus imaging system, and, as a result, the processing speed was improved to around 2.5-fps.

Progress in conventional breeding methods for taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) via crossing has been limited, and suitable genetic materials for the development of new cultivars are scarce as most commercial taro cultivars are either non-flowering or rarely flowering triploids. In an attempt to advance taro breeding, we performed mutational breeding by heavy-ion beam irradiation of multiple shoots of 'Chiba maru' cultivar. Using 2-10 Gy neon and carbon ion beams, we achieved a plant survival rate of more than 90 % and used 94 surviving plants for genomic screening. To efficiently detect DNA polymorphisms induced by ion beam irradiation in young plants, we used five sets of 15-mer randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction random primers based on retrotransposon sequences for genomic screening. Two plants had polymorphic DNA bands, and the specific DNA patterns were maintained in all leaves. In one of these plants, which lacked somatic mosaicism (Cm10), the polymorphic patterns were maintained in the leaves and cormels of clones propagated from daughter cormels. Ion beam irradiation of multiple taro shoots could thus generate mutants that can be developed as new cultivars; the resulting novel polymorphic patterns would facilitate inter-and intra-cultivar identification.

A high-speed projection system with a dynamic focal tracking technology based on a variable focus lens will be illustrated. The traditional projection was limited on 2D space, due to their narrow depth-of-field projection range. The proposed system included a high-speed variable focus lens, a high-speed camera, and a high-speed projector, so that the depth information would be detected and then served as feedback to correct the focal length and update the projection information in high-speed. As a result, the information would be well-focused projected even on a 3D dynamic moving object.

Demonstration for a dynamic depth-of-field projection mapping on a 3D moving object would be performed. Conventional projection mapping was limited on 2D space, due to their narrow depth-of-field projection range. Our system included a high-speed projector, a high-speed variable focus lens, a depth sensor by a stereo camera, so that the depth information would be detected and then served as feedback to correct the focal length of the projection. As a result, a projection mapping would be well-focused projected on a 3D dynamic moving object.

The existing phase-shift methods are effective in achieving high-speed, high-precision, high-resolution, real-time shape measurement of moving objects; however, a phase-unwrapping method that can handle the motion of target objects in a real environment and is robust against global illumination as well is yet to be established. Accordingly, a robust and highly accurate method for determining the absolute phase, using a minimum of three steps, is proposed in this study. In this proposed method, an order structure that rearranges the projection pattern for each period of the sine wave is introduced, so that solving the phase unwrapping problem comes down to calculating the pattern order. Using simulation experiments, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can be used in high-speed, high-precision, high-resolution, three-dimensional shape measurements even in situations with high-speed moving objects and presence of global illumination. In this study, an experimental measurement system was configured with a high-speed camera and projector, and real-time measurements were performed with a processing time of 1.05 ms and a throughput of 500 fps.

骨髄異形成症候群の経過で胃癌が発見され，根治切除を行った1例を経験したので報告する．症例は87歳の女性で，3年前に骨髄異形成症候群（myelodysplastic syndrome；以下，MDSと略記）（RCUD/RA）と診断され当院血液内科に通院中であったが腹部CTを契機に胃角部に胃癌が発見され，臨床病期はcT4aN2M0 cStage IIIBであった．高齢であったが本人と家族は手術を希望され根治切除を行った．好中球減少に対する支持療法として周術期にG-CSFは1日のみ投与し，抗菌薬は執刀直前と執刀後3時間後，帰室4時間後にcefazolin sodium 1 g/回を投与した．切除標本の病理結果はpT3N2M0 pStage IIIAであった．術後経過は良好で術後16日目に自宅退院した．MDSを合併した消化器癌症例に対する手術治療の報告は少なく，貴重な症例と考え報告する．

The draft genome sequence of a wild rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) was determined using Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq platforms. The total length of the scaffolds was 739,637,845 bp, consisting of 83,189 scaffolds, which was close to the 711 Mbp length estimated by k-mer analysis. N50 length of the scaffolds was 90,830 bp, and extent of the longest was 1,133,259 bp. The average GC content of the scaffolds was 38.9%. After gene prediction, 67,380 candidates exhibiting sequence homology to known genes and domains were extracted, which included complete and partial gene structures. This large number of genes for a diploid plant may reflect heterogeneity of the genome originating from self-incompatibility in R. multiflora. According to CEGMA analysis, 91.9% and 98.0% of the core eukaryotic genes were completely and partially conserved in the scaffolds, respectively. Genes presumably involved in flower color, scent and flowering are assigned. The results of this study will serve as a valuable resource for fundamental and applied research in the rose, including breeding and phylogenetic study of cultivated roses.

A large open aperture in an optical system can capture high-resolution images but yields a shallow depth of field. To overcome this issue, we investigated a low-cost, readily available method for retrofitting microscopy imaging systems to achieve 3D focus scanning in this study. Specifically, a procedure for fabricating variable focus spinners with dissimilar plates was introduced, and a sequence of 12 images was captured in different focal planes. The image scale and phase were corrected, and the in-focus pixels were abstracted by employing the Laplacian operator. Finally, an all-in-focus sharp image was generated, and a depth map was obtained.