ABSTRACT Juniper forests (Juniperus thurifera L.) are among the most valuable forest ecosystems in the mountains of Algeria. Numerous studies have focused on enhancing the germination capacity of juniper seeds. This particular study aimed at breaking the seed dormancy by employing pretreatment methods involving sulphuric acid and gibberellic acid (AG3). To distinguish viable seeds from non-viable ones, the seeds were submerged in sucrose solutions with increasing concentrations (0%. 20%. 40%. and 60%) and subjected to cold treatments at 4 °C for a period of 2 years. Additionally, two pre-treatments were conducted: the first involved immersing the seeds in concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 minutes, while the second pre-treatment utilized AG3 at various concentrations (100 ppm, 400 ppm, and 1000 ppm) for 24 and 48 hours. The results demonstrated the possibility of breaking seed dormancy and achieving germination, which varied significantly based on the pretreatments, seed fractions, cold treatment, and their interactions. The highest germination percentage (83.33%) was observed when applying the gibberellic acid pretreatment (400 ppm for 48hours) to the seeds of the heavy fraction previously stored in cold conditions. Overall, this research opens up new possibilities for effectively managing and protecting juniper forests, contributing to their long-term sustainability and conservation efforts.

HIS STUDY aimed to investigate the response of durum wheat seedlings to water stress and to analyze the relationships between seedling-stage parameters and their behavior under field conditions. Sixteen (16) genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were subjected to two water regimes: control and stressed. Parameters measured included accumulated biomass, seedling height, specific leaf weight, relative water content, proline content, drying rate of the flag leaf, and cell integrity. Water stress significantly affected all measured parameters, though the degree of impact varied among genotypes. Some genotypes demonstrated lower sensitivity to stress than others. Proline accumulation at the seedling stage showed a correlation with genotype performance under field conditions. Additionally, genotypes with higher specific leaf weight under stress better retained relative water content. The findings suggest that the ability to accumulate proline and sugars contributes to minimizing yield loss under water stress. This highlights potential physiological traits for breeding durum wheat varieties with improved drought tolerance.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a significant environmental pollutant due to its high organic load and toxicity, necessitating effective treatment methods. This study evaluates the impact of treating OMW through infiltration-percolation on the germination of cereal seeds, specifically durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The treatment involved using sand filters combined with lime and eucalyptus sawdust. Key physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), and total organic carbon (TOC), were analyzed for both untreated OMW and the filtrates produced by the treatment. The results showed that the use of lime, alone or with eucalyptus sawdust, in the filtration process significantly increased the pH and EC, while leading to a highly significant reduction in BOD5, MM, OM, and TOC. Germination tests indicated that the highest germination rates, 80

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a by-product of olive oil production that, in its pure state, pollutes and harms the environment. We aim to minimize its polluting effect and investigate the impact of its direct application at diluted doses on soil quality and legume growth. In a pot experiment, the OMW doses of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75% were applied and the growth of lentil and faba bean seedlings was studied. Fresh sampling of OMW was conducted in a modern cold extraction oil mill located in north eastern Algeria. Physicochemical properties of OMW and soil as well as plant physiological parameters are studied. The OMW used is a highly acidic effluent and rich in organic matter (56.29 +/- 1.05 g/L) and mineral content (10.33 +/- 0.2 g/L). The dose of 75% has significantly improved the properties of the soil by increasing its organic matter and electrical conductivity, and has also increased the leaf area of the plants. On the other hand the dose of 12.5% has improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and total chlorophyll content. The research has shown that it is possible to use the OMW at diluted doses to improve soil quality in degraded land and food legume growth. Faba bean grew well in all soils treated by diluted OMW; it can be considered a tolerant plant to its pollutant effect, while lentil is sensitive and its growth is reduced by the increasing OMW dose. OMW is suitable for the vegetative development of food legumes, and it will be beneficial as a bio-fertilizer load of inorganic fertilizer used to enhance soil quality and its diluted form lessen its polluting impact on the environment and it is probably mostly important in semi-arid areas poor in organic matter.

This study contributed to an assessment of the dynamics of Aleppo pine ( Pinus halepensis Miller) plant communities in the Ouled Yagoub massif in northeastern Algeria, which is located in a semi-arid bioclimatic zone. Sampling was carried out in three study areas, consisting essentially of a mixed pine forest dominated by Aleppo pine with 17 plant species, a Holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) pine forest with 13 species, and a juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus L.) pine forest with ten species. The eight plant species common to these three pinewoods are Q. ilex , J. oxycedrus , Rosmarinus officinalis , Pistacia lentiscus , Globularia alypum , Phillyrea angustifolia , Asparagus albus , and Genista microcephala . Among the dendrometric measurements performed on the four species studied ( P. halepensis , Q. ilex , J. oxycedrus , and Juniperus phoenicea ), the frequency of abundance and density were based on two site characteristics (altitude and exposure). The results show that the abundance frequency values of the four species in the three pinewoods are often close to each other, which is why Aleppo pine cannot form a pure pinewood type. The average density of the four most dominant species is 489 trees/ha Aleppo pine, 395 trees/ha Holm oak, 229 trees/ha juniper, and 63 trees/ha Phoenician juniper. Two parameters, altitude (1000 and 1521 m) and northern exposure are among the factors influencing the density of Aleppo pine stands.

Heat stress is one of the most important environmental factors causing serious problems to durum wheat production in arid and semi-arid regions. Different biochemical and physiological parameters were determined in the leaves of new durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.) under heat shock stress (40°C) at the 3rd–4th leaf stage to select tolerant genotypes: antioxidant enzyme activities; ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll (a) and (b) content, photochemical efficiency ( F_vF_m^ - 1 ) and cell membrane stability (CMS). This is the first time that this study has been carried out to test these varieties for their heat stress tolerance using antioxydant enzymes. Results show that heat stress has a significant impact on the most of the measured parameters, increasing levels of (MDA) content and enzyme activity up to 81.41 F_vF_m^ - 1 ), reaches 40

The objective of this study is the evaluation of the anticoagulant activity of polyphenols obtained from olive extracts (Olea europaea L.) Of the margines of two varieties cultivated at Khenchela (East of Algeria) , the first one is souidi from Chacher and the second one is chemlal from Baghai. The physicochemical characteristics of the two varieties studied showed a difference in water content, total solid content (dry matter), total solid in suspension, potential hydrogen, and especially its content in polyphenols and flavonoids. The quantitative analysis of the two extracts has revealed a great richness of the margines of the souidi variety of polyphenols and flavonoids content compared to the margines of the chemlal variety. The dosage of polyphenols is 0.8 mg EAG / mlE) for Souidi and (0.5 mgEAG / mlE) for Chemlal. The in vitro evaluation of the anticoagulant activity of the margines of two varieties souidi and chemlal revealed that the margines of the souidi variety has a good anticoagulant activity vis-à-vis the endogenous pathway Time of Céphaline Kaolin (TCK).

The objective of our study is to implicate the mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stress by the synthesis of metabolites in tolerance to biotic stress. The extracted metabolites; proline, sugars and polyphenols from durum wheat seedlings subjected to heat shock (40 °C), used to test antifungal activity on two fungal strains, powdery mildew and penicillium, under controlled conditions. The boussellam variety is more tolerant of applied stress than the Ciccio and Vitron varieties. The concentration of the three osmolytes varies from one variety to another; it increases in genotypes stressed compared to controls. Antifungal activity results in the appearance of an inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with the studied extract. Sugars have proven to be a highly effective antifungal agent compared to proline and polyphenols with maximum values (28,33 ± 2 mm) in oidium and (29 ± 1 mm) in penicillium.

Fertile Grounds are the source for agricultural production and effective nutrients management. We aim at surveying the contribution effect of earthworm casts on physical and chemical soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations) and their impact on morphophysiological parameters of lettuce. Basically, for this operation we have choose three levels of intake (100, 250 and 500g of earthworm casts/pot). The obtained results have shown that the earthworm casts are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, potassium and organic matter. Correspondingly, the contribution of earthworm casts has increased the soil content of OM, NTK, K+ and CaCO3. Also, it has a positive effect on chlorophyll, aerial, root biomass and on lettuce growth in general. The results also have indicated that the 500g dose of earthworm casts/pot have been increased the various parameters.

The present work deals with the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts of the white henbane ( Hyoscyamus albus L.) of the solanaceae family, treated with phytohormones 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) andKinetin (K)in doses 0, 10,20mg / l), widely used in traditional medicine and very rich in alkaloids. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that treatment with phytohormones had no effect on the quality of the secondary metabolites. The results of the phytochemical study of the plant showed that the treatment with 2,4-D and K had a significant effect by reduction compared to the untreated plant on the phenolic compounds studied. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro was investigated by the DPPH trapping method and showed that the treatment with 2,4-D and K had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity so all the extracts of the various treatments of H. albus can act as radical scavengers.

H. albus L. is one of the principal plants of Solanaceae family endowed with broad therapeutics properties because of its rich content in tropic alkaloids used as parasympathetic drugs (Tarm and Catherine in Toxic plants and other natural toxicants CABI publishing, 2001).These alkaloids are synthesized in tiny quantities in this plant (Bonnier in Plantes médicinales 40–64, 1987).

Drought and temperature extremes are major factors limiting wheat productivity particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The selection of a high and stable yield are an important objective in these environments. This is particularly true in the Mediterranean basin where harsh and fluctuating climatic conditions lead to the occurrence of qualitative genotype × environment interactions. Breeding relies, usually, on selection for yield and few alternatives to direct selection for yield have been adopted.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the inheritance pattern of morpho-physiological traits: relative water content, excised leaf water loss, flag leaf area and membrane stability, in an F3 population of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). The results reflected a satisfactory range of variability in the evaluated traits. Range magnitude of the four traits represented the equivalent of 5.0 to 11.4 times the least significant difference at 5% level. Transgressors with variable frequency were observed for all the measured traits. In fact 25% of the F3 lines showed a relative water content greater than 85%, 3% has a flag leaf area superior to 26 cm², 8% had a low leaf water loss rate and 11% expressed a low electrolyte leakage rate, suggesting a high membrane stability. Medium to high broad sense heritability estimates were noted for the measured traits. Medium to high genetic gain expressed as percent of the base population mean was observed, taking the following values: 11.0%, 24.0%, 68% and 88%, for relative water content, flag leaf area, excised leaf water loss rate, and percent of cell injury, respectively. Altogether, the obtained results indicated that the studied cross population would be of interest in the breeding program and an effective progress can be made through selection of these morpho-physiological characters to enhance stress tolerance and grain yield potential.

This research focuses on the estimated water requirements of growing garlic (Allium sativum L.) variety Messidrome and determining its impact on the behavior of plants. We chose 04 methods to estimate the need for determining PET namely; PET wilaya Oum El Bouaghi (T1), evaporation of Piche (EVP, T2), the formula Blanney Criddle (T3), and the formula for Bouchet (T4) compared with non-irrigated control. To get a good garlic production with an optimum size of bulbs based on estimate irrigation through Blanney Criddle formula takes consideration of lighting and average temperature

This study reported the effect of interaction between cytokinins and auxins to enhance accumulation of alkaloids in White henbane (Hyoscyamus albus L.). Plants of this specie were grown under controlled conditions and treated with plant-hormones: Auxins by: 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 3-Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Cytokinins by: Kinetin (K) and Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP), at 0-10 and 20 mg L(-1) rates isolated and interacted. The results showed that treatment of 2, 4-D and K at the highest applied rates 20 mg L(-1) increased the accumulation threefold rate estimated to 2.321% in the root plant part and 1.702% in the aerial plant part with the same plant-hormones but dosage of (20x10 mg L(-1)) in order. The TLC for alkaloid extracts shows that H. albus L. contains 6 alkaloids. In this study, it was concluded that the treatment with interaction of (Kx2,4-D) (20x20 mg L(-1)) gives the highest percent of alkaloids in the root and shoot parts compared to plant-hormones separated. The in vitro antibacterial activity was determined on microorganisms: Pseudomonas stutzeri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. And performed by disc diffusion assay. Respectively, ethanol extracts showed no inhibitory effect on the microorganisms, however alkaloid extracts of H. albus L. of the same treatments with plant-hormones of shoot and root parts showed antibacterial activity against microorganisms that were tested. The results obtained in the present study suggest that alkaloid of H. albus L. can be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms.