En las comunidades campesinas de la provincia de Huari, Ancash, Perú, los platos de comida, los principales ingredientes y la forma de cocinarlos construyen un sistema semiótico que enuncia una jerarquía social construida sobre la base de categorías étnicas. Lo que una persona come, de donde proceden los alimentos que asume, y que ofrece en almuerzos colectivos, vehiculan su identidad étnico-social. Así mismo, las categorías étnicas están inscritas en el espacio regional, el lugar de origen rastrea la identidad étnica según dinámicas que se despliegan también a nivel nacional y que remontan a procesos históricos. Sin embargo, veremos cómo esas dinámicas pueden ser fluidas y móviles produciendo espacios de negociaciones de nuevas posiciones étnico-sociales.

This article analyses the perception as well the symbolic and political articulation that the Pankararc community an indigenous group from the northeast of Brazil has and produces of their own territory. In the struggle for cultural and political visibility, whether in the land of origin or in the urban area of Sao Paulo, the Pankarare discourse mainly is founded around the claim of a space that becomes ethnic territory. It is shown, how memory, individual and collective, as well as past and present actions inform and construct a space that becomes an active component of the political and ethnic process.

This article analyses the perception as well the symbolic and political articulation that the Pankararé community - an indigenous group from the northeast of Brazil - has and produces of their own territory. In the struggle for cultural and political visibility, whether in the land of origin or in the urban area of São Paulo, the Pankararé discourse mainly is founded around the claim of a space that becomes ethnic territory. It is shown, how memory, individual and collective, as well as past and present actions inform and construct a space that becomes an active component of the political and ethnic process.

Las relaciones entre el colectivo humano y algunos lugares (o awilitus), en las comunidades de Conchucos, Ancash, Perú, se regulan con base en la pertenencia del lugar a las categorías de chúcaro y manso, es decir salvaje y domesticado. En este artículo quiero presentar el análisis de ese conjunto dual muy denso y articulado, que se vuelve herramienta sustancial para modular las relaciones entre el hombre y algunos elementos del territorio, que mapea y divide el espacio en dos. Esbozaré una presentación, con base en algunos datos etnográficos, de cómo se producen esos procesos, de cómo se modifican y cómo se negocian, además de un análisis del significado y del tipo de vínculo que estas categorías ponen en acto en las comunidades de Conchucos.

The author presents the circuits that Pankarare indigenous group establish between Bahia and Sao Paulo. The paper discusses the processes of articulation and production of an indigenous space in the city. The author analyses how the urban segment of Pankarare manages to (re)assert its cultural, social and political agency, in the new urban areas thank to the maintenance of mobility dynamics between the homeland and the city. Through continuous flows of things, articulation of concepts such as territory, space and memory they produce heterogeneous networks and cultural creativity.

The author presents the circuits that Pankarare indigenous group establish between Bahia and Sao Paulo. The paper discusses the processes of articulation and production of an indigenous space in the city. The author analyses how the urban segment of Pankarare manages to (re)assert its cultural, social and political agency, in the new urban areas thank to the maintenance of mobility dynamics between the homeland and the city. Through continuous flows of things, articulation of concepts such as territory, space and memory they produce heterogeneous networks and cultural creativity.

In this text we want to reflect on the complexity and creativity of the recognition and self-recognition path developed by Mapuche young generation born in the marginal urban areas of the city of Bariloche. The group, which defines themselves as mapurbe, builds its multiple identity also from the texts of the mapuche poet David Aninir, and from the texts produced by them in the fanzine Mapurbe'zine. From these texts, as well as from other cultural practices involving music and theatre, the group negotiate and manage its own memory and culture for the construction of an urban indigenous identity.

In this text we want to reflect on the complexity and creativity of the recognition and self-recognition path developed by Mapuche young generation born in the marginal urban areas of the city of Bariloche. The group, which defines themselves as mapurbe, builds its multiple identity also from the texts of the mapuche poet David Aniñir, and from the texts produced by them in the fanzine Mapurbe'zine. From these texts, as well as from other cultural practices involving music and theatre, the group negotiate and manage its own memory and culture for the construction of an urban indigenous identity.

L’articolo presenta alcune tappe fondamentali, politiche e culturali, del processo di formazione dell’associazione indigena Pankararé a San Paolo, Brasile. L’articolo si svolge attraverso le parole di uno dei protagonisti della costruzione del nucleo urbano Pankararé, la leader della associazione Alaìde Pereira Xavier Feitosa. Il racconto di Alaide si muove tra la zona urbana di San Paolo e la terra d’origine situata nello stato di Bahia, per ripercorrere il cammino di costruzione di spazi indigeni e rivendicazioni di cittadinanza differenziata che definiscono la loro legittimità nei percorsi della memoria e nelle pratiche rituali.

We present an ethnographic case from the highlands area of Ancash Department, Peru, addressing the issue of gender relations as expressing implicit and explicit hierarchical dualism where one part has dominance over the other. The Andean dualism, which is explained and depicted in many different areas of social and symbolic practices in the Andes, seems to include a hierarchy often expressed on the basis of gender concepts and reproduced in the daily life of rural communities.

In this paper we propose to delineate the educational path to political action that a rural community in the Peruvian Andes, Ancash region, is developing. What are the social and cultural conditions necessary for a policy of decentralization to obtain greater participation and interaction between different levels of power? Witch is the necessary learning process? and at what price doubly discriminated areas of society, such as women of low social class and educational level, and Quechua speaking, must take to achieve real social inclusion and self-determination? What are the dynamics in place and the tools used by the women of the community to gain more weight in politics and decision-making and how they fit into the socio-cultural reality of rural Andean? Keywords: policies, gender, decentralization, rural communities, local governments. Le politiche di decentralizzazione in atto in Peru hanno lo scopo di dare maggiore rilievo e una piu marcata capacita decisionale ai governi regionali e provinciali. In questo contributo ci proponiamo di delineare il percorso di formazione all’azione politica che una Comunidad Campesina delle Ande peruviane della regione di Ancash sta compiendo. Quali sono le necessarie condizioni sociali e culturali affinche una politica di decentralizzazione significhi realmente maggiore partecipazione e interazione tra i vari livelli di potere? Quale percorso di apprendimento e a quale prezzo ambiti doppiamente discriminati della societa, come le donne di bassa estrazione sociale e livello educativo, e di lingua quechua devono compiere per raggiungere un’inclusione sociale reale e autodeterminata? Quali sono le dinamiche messe in atto e gli strumenti utilizzati dalle donne della Comunita per acquisire un maggiore peso nella sfera politica e decisionale e come si inseriscono nella realta socio-culturale del mondo rurale andino? Parole chiave: politiche, genere, decentralizzazione, comunita rurali, governi locali.

In this paper we propose to delineate the educational path to political action that a rural community in the Peruvian Andes, Ancash region, is developing. What are the social and cultural conditions necessary for a policy of decentralization to obtain greater participation and interaction between different levels of power? Witch is the necessary learning process? and at what price doubly discriminated areas of society, such as women of low social class and educational level, and Quechua speaking, must take to achieve real social inclusion and self-determination? What are the dynamics in place and the tools used by the women of the community to gain more weight in politics and decision-making and how they fit into the socio-cultural reality of rural Andean?