Die Autoren vertreten die Ansicht, dass das eigentliche Erbe Freuds in der Anwendung der Psychoanalyse auf gesamtgesellschaftliche Probleme und Fragen bestehen wird und weniger in Beiträgen zur Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen. Sie zeichnen die Geschichte der angewandten Psychoanalyse nach, formulieren Vorschläge für eine Gemeindepsychoanalyse (»Community Psychoanalysis«) mit entsprechend spezialisierter Ausbildung und Validierung und erörtern die Unterschiede zwischen Gemeindepsychoanalyse und klinischer Psychoanalyse. Beispiele für moderne Anwendungen der Psychoanalyse auf die Kindererziehung und die Prävention emotionaler Störungen im Kindesalter, auf das Verständnis gesellschaftlicher Großgruppen, u. a. von rassischen und ethnischen Konflikten, von Gewalt in Schulen, Terrorismus, gesellschaftlichen Vorurteilen und Widersprüchen beschließen den Beitrag.

This is the fourth paper in a series proposing a psychoanalytic concept of community. The third paper of the series centered on the unconscious psychological tasks involved in creating and sustaining a community and in it achieving its reason for existence; tasks such as the formation of bonds, identity and boundary. In this fourth paper we propose that the effectiveness with which a community can carry out these tasks determines how well that community is able to function. The successful performance of the tasks is dependent on: (1) a community's capacity for psychic function, that is, its capacity to process internal tension and conflict, and both everyday and adverse experiences; (2) the effectiveness of its social defense against anxiety; and (3) its adaptability to changes and challenges in its environment.

ABSTRACTThe authors provide a psychological portrait of Milan Lukić, a convicted war criminal, whose case was convened at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia at The Hague. Such in‐depth case studies are rare in the study of war criminals and unique to the study of war criminals associated with the Bosnian conflict. The authors relied upon extensive psychological interviews and psychological testing conducted over a series of days with Lukić and a review of extensive background records to create this psychological portrait. The evaluation data indicate that Lukić was found to be essentially “normal” psychologically, consistent with prior studies of war criminals who were also found to be psychologically normal and legally sane. Our findings contribute to the refutation of the so‐called Nazi personality hypothesis that emerged after World War II. There was no evidence from Lukic's developmental history that would be predictive of his war crimes behavior before the outbreak of the Bosnian conflict. The authors hypothesize that Lukic's war crimes behavior was, in part, a by‐product of the breakdown of the social and moral order that occurred in Bosnia. His ruthless and sadistic behaviors that were manifest after he entered the war suggest an emergent atypical pattern of psychopathic behaviors which manifested under conditions of extreme social and moral duress and which were also reinforced by blind obedience to authority. The authors advocate that future studies of war criminals include an examination of personality as embedded within a particularized social and historical context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new concept of community is proposed in this third paper of the series, “Towards a psychoanalytic concept of community”. This concept emphasizes the unconscious, collective, psychological tasks involved in creating and sustaining a community, as well as the tasks undertaken by the community in achieving its reason for being. One of the core psychological tasks is the creation of bonding among its members. When a community is being formed it experiences itself subjectively as “us”, and needs to come to terms with what is “not us”. A set of psychological tasks comes into play and they relate to the formation and maintenance of its boundary and identity. Each of these psychological tasks is underpinned by unconscious psychic processes; such as symbolization to create boundary, projective and introjective identifications to create bonds and identity.

Using descriptions of inner-city adolescents being seen at a community-based mental health clinic, the authors demonstrate how the use of altruism enabled the adolescents to alter their inner lives and their behavior. The trajectory of development toward relatedness, creativity, and fulfillment was reestablished.

In the first of three papers the current philosophical, sociological and ecological approaches to "community" were considered from a psychoanalytic perspective. This second paper aims to arrive at a set of principles that will underpin a psychoanalytic concept of communities. Those principles include: psychoanalytic understandings of groups; the unconscious of the collective; the subjectivity and inter-subjectivity of individuals and collectives; the symbolic function of an abstract concept; and the processes involved in making sense, such as mentalization and symbolization. The emerging psychoanalytic framework conceptualizes communities in terms of their collective psychological tasks, such as the maintenance of shared identification and boundaries, their responses to trauma and the work of mourning, rather than by their geographical or sociological characteristics. This new approach to the concept of community also highlights the utility of distinguishing the nature of groups by their respective, collective psychological tasks. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

"Community" is a word that is used frequently in everyday exchanges and, increasingly, in public policies and government funding strategies. Mental health promotion campaigns strongly promote "community-focused" initiatives. The predominant discourse on the topic of "community" has been from socio-political perspectives. Very little has been written specifically about the nature of communities, or their psychodynamics, from a psychoanalytic perspective. This paper, the first of three, considers three major conceptualizations of communities - philosophical, sociological and ecological - from a psychoanalytic perspective. Within this paradigm, a community, unless arbitrarily defined, is as much a subjective notion as it is an objective entity. Psychoanalysis has much to add to the current thinking on this subject by adding a description of its dynamic qualities, and highlighting the subjective experience (both individual and collective, conscious and unconscious) of communities. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article addresses the issue of why it is that United States of America glorifies violence and, at the same time, is scared of it, out of proportion to the country's overwhelming world strength and influence. The article focuses initially on the need to own weapons of mass destruction beyond those needed for sports, including hunting. My psychoanalytic hypothesis suggests that there is a displacement of a fear of being seen by the world as altruistic and, therefore, feminine (castrated and weak); and a hypermasculine defensive facade is often adopted. A history of altruism as reflected in community attitudes is given together with several examples of how altruistic interventions can be very helpful both in schools and in community-wide interventions. The article is the first in a series that will explore altruism as a drive and important in individual analysis beyond its role as an ego defense.

International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic StudiesVolume 12, Issue 1 p. 1-4 Editorial International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies Stuart W. Twemlow M.D, Stuart W. Twemlow M.D stuart.twemlow@gmail.com Visiting Professor, University College London (Health Sciences); Retired Professor, Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 8585 Woodway Drive, Apt. 813, Houston, Texas, 77603 USASearch for more papers by this authorNadia Ramzy Ph.D, Nadia Ramzy Ph.D ramzyland@msn.com St. Louis University School of Medicine and St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute, 889 South Brentwood Boulevard, Suite 205, St. Louis, MO, 63105 USASearch for more papers by this author Stuart W. Twemlow M.D, Stuart W. Twemlow M.D stuart.twemlow@gmail.com Visiting Professor, University College London (Health Sciences); Retired Professor, Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 8585 Woodway Drive, Apt. 813, Houston, Texas, 77603 USASearch for more papers by this authorNadia Ramzy Ph.D, Nadia Ramzy Ph.D ramzyland@msn.com St. Louis University School of Medicine and St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute, 889 South Brentwood Boulevard, Suite 205, St. Louis, MO, 63105 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 March 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/aps.1439Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume12, Issue1March 2015Pages 1-4 RelatedInformation

When school communities are troubled by violence at the hands of young people, or threats of violence, educators have an opportunity to learn about aggression and adolescent identity development. A disturbing threat incident provides the point of departure for this principal’s reflection on how high school curriculum can better meet the identity needs of young people. The foundational work of Erik Erikson in adolescent identity development anchors these reflections, and the contemporary work of Stuart Twemlow guides the discussion of what violent or potentially violent teens can teach us about curriculum reforms that benefit all students. In an Afterword, Twemlow himself responds, expanding this discussion of how schools offer communities a chance to alter a young person’s environment in ways that encourage altruism and discourage violence in our youth and adult populations.

This article outlines a clinical psychoanalytic theory of working with major social issues, in this instance, school homicides. This article introduces a model referred to as socioanalysis, a form of applied psychoanalysis in which the social context and unconscious power dynamics are used to formulate interventions to reduce bullying and avoid explosions of violence at school. The conceptual framework suggests that prepackaged approaches to bully prevention are very unlikely to solve a complex problem such as violence. This applied psychoanalytic approach suggests the existence of a continuum of violence that begins with schoolyard bullying and can escalate to mass murder. This theory views school violence as being school specific, much like psychotherapy of an individual. This approach offers an alternative to simple recipes and over simplistic fixes offered for schools to use in packaged bully prevention programs. This approach views one of the main change agents as the principal. The role of the unconscious and the developmental nature of violence are emphasized. Mass murder is seen as the end of the buildup of shame enacted through unconscious power dynamics played out at school through the roles of bully, victim, and bystander. There is an eerie similarity between the evolution of a school shooter and the induction and evolution of a cult.

ABSTRACT This paper provides a perspective from two cultures and suggests ways to improve relationships between the Australian White fellas and First Nation (Aboriginal) populations. Several differences are highlighted especially the lack of formal protracted wars with the natives that characterized most other countries in the setting up of the British Empire. It is suggested that a great deal more work needs to be done with the way First Nation people were seen as non‐human until 1970, a topic that seems either talked out or denied depending on whom you talk to. Modern efforts focus on positive and collaborative ways to remedy the problems from those who stand firmly in both camps. Its seems to this writer that more needs to be known about the elder, the dream world and other levels of consciousness that influence the transmission of essential knowledge. With some hesitation I have gone along with the idea of making Western suggestions, but I know what I would rather have. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ABSTRACT This paper outlines a model of designing a service delivery system for a targeted population of high‐risk Medicaid families. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has created a new focus on a population that has high behavioral health and medical needs. Medicaid families are segmented into categories based on the criteria outlined in the ACA and a service delivery system is suggested. The model calls for the creation of specialty services in the community that reach out to high‐risk families and provide ongoing integrated care that strives for improved health outcomes. The psychoanalytic principles used in attachment theory and power dynamics are offered as a method of creating new responses to complicated health and behavioral health problems in Medicaid families. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic StudiesVolume 11, Issue 4 p. 279-281 Editorial In Memoriam: Eric J. Nuetzel, M.D., 1950–2014 Nadia Ramzy PhD, Nadia Ramzy PhD St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute and St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriSearch for more papers by this authorStuart W. Twemlow MD, Stuart W. Twemlow MD Visiting Professor University College, London (Health Sciences) and Faculty Center for Psychoanalytic Studies, Houston, TXSearch for more papers by this author Nadia Ramzy PhD, Nadia Ramzy PhD St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute and St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriSearch for more papers by this authorStuart W. Twemlow MD, Stuart W. Twemlow MD Visiting Professor University College, London (Health Sciences) and Faculty Center for Psychoanalytic Studies, Houston, TXSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 December 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/aps.1429Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume11, Issue4December 2014Pages 279-281 RelatedInformation

A case is made for community-based psychoanalysis as part of usual psychoanalytic practice. A safe community is first defined psychodynamically, after which three variations are presented on the community-based style and qualities and modes of practice compared with individual psychoanalytic therapy and psychoanalysis. Three community case studies, from Jamaica and the U.S., are then presented to illustrate and lend depth and aliveness to the theory. Finally, a plea is made for a community-based initiative in preventive physical and mental health care that uses schools as a basic site for addressing the causes and cure of socially and economically costly community problems, creating healthy individuals through each turn of the pre-K through twelfth grade school cycle.

International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic StudiesVolume 10, Issue 3 p. 189-191 Editorial Editorial: A Mini Textbook of Community Psychoanalysis: I: Basic First Steps Stuart W. Twemlow MD, Stuart W. Twemlow MD stuart.twemlow@gmail.com Senior Psychiatrist, The Menninger Clinic and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, 8585 Woodway Drive, Apt. 813, Houston, Texas, 77603 USASearch for more papers by this authorMarie G. Rudden MD, Marie G. Rudden MD mgrudden@gmail.com Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Weill-Cornell School of Medicine, New York, USA, Training and Supervising Analyst and Founding Member, Berkshire Psychoanalytic Institute, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA, P.O. Box 5, West Stockbridge, MA, 01266 USASearch for more papers by this author Stuart W. Twemlow MD, Stuart W. Twemlow MD stuart.twemlow@gmail.com Senior Psychiatrist, The Menninger Clinic and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, 8585 Woodway Drive, Apt. 813, Houston, Texas, 77603 USASearch for more papers by this authorMarie G. Rudden MD, Marie G. Rudden MD mgrudden@gmail.com Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Weill-Cornell School of Medicine, New York, USA, Training and Supervising Analyst and Founding Member, Berkshire Psychoanalytic Institute, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA, P.O. Box 5, West Stockbridge, MA, 01266 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 September 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/aps.1365Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue3Special Issue: Community Psychoanalysis: I: Basic First StepsSeptember 2013Pages 189-191 RelatedInformation