Working hours have been falling across Europe over a long period of time, initially because of the campaign of social reformers to reduce long hours worked in factories, subsequently as the incidence of part-time work grew. Initially, the campaign to reduce long hours working was based around fatigue: tired workers are less productive ones. More recently the focus has extended beyond the productivity of workers to look at how the organisation of working time might result in a more equitable distribution of work and, then, at how it might improve the quality of working life. With respect to work-life balance there has been an emphasis upon raising the employment opportunities for women and other groups under-represented in the labour market.
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Of people who were registered as un‐employed in the autumn of 1973, and were still of working age three years later in the autumn of 1976, only 38% had jobs. Thirty‐four per cent were still out of work or out of work again. Twenty‐eight per cent did not have jobs but were no longer looking for work because of their age, or state of health or because they had become housewives. Over a third, 36%, had not worked at any stage in the intervening years. Furthermore, 14% of those registered as unemployed in October 1973 had become officially retired and few of them had worked at all in the following three years.
The use of demographic characteristics in predicting length of stay in a state mental hospital. W W Daniel, E N Brandt, Jr, and J P CostiloeCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.58.5.938 Published Online: August 29, 2011
