随着开采深部的不断增加,采场发生岩爆的概率越来越大,论文构建了深部开采模型,在此基础上对岩爆危险性进行分析,研究结论可有效指导深部采场的安全生产工作.

岩体质量评价结果是地下矿各类工程的重要基础数据.针对影响岩体质量的因素众多,且各因素间模糊性显著的特点,为更准确地评价地下矿岩体质量,提出了一种可定量分析影响岩体质量各因素间模糊性的CRITIC-CW法.选取了岩石质量指标RQD、岩石单轴饱和抗压强度RW、岩体完整性系数Kv、结构面强度系数Kf和地下水渗水量ω共5个指标用于评价地下矿岩体质量.收集了国内外20组岩体质量评价的样本数据,采用CRITIC法计算样本数据的离散性和内在联系,获得了评价指标的权重.采用CRITIC-CW法对20组岩体质量评价样本进行评价,结果误判仅为一例,表明CRITIC-CW法具有较高的准确性和可靠性.采用CRITIC-CW法对三山岛金矿新立矿区部分采场的岩体质量进行评价,结果表明:所评价采场的岩体质量主要为Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级,岩体质量较差,依据岩体质量评价结果,对评价等级为Ⅳ级的采场及周边工程加强支护后,矿区冒落现象显著减少.

三山岛金矿新立矿区属破碎带蚀变岩型特大型金矿床,区内构造主要为断裂构造.通过现场工程地质调查发现,现有支护条件下,巷道围岩会产生楔形体冒落、层状节理复合破坏和沿软弱夹层(断裂带)塌落破坏三种破坏模式;确定巷道变形破坏的主要影响因素为围岩成分及其结构构造、地下水、地压显现类型和巷道周边采掘震动.基于上述研究结果确定采用锚网喷支护方法对研究区域岩体进行支护,并给出支护方案A和B;选取-240 m一中段进行建模,应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件分析无支护、支护方案A和支护方案B三种条件下围岩应力、位移和塑性区分布特征,发现支护方案A和B均能够有效控制围岩变形破坏,但方案A较方案B成本低,即方案A为合理支护方案,可用于现场工程实践.

海底矿山突水是矿山开采亟待解决的问题,通过对矿山巷道水的研究,能够划分出矿山突水水源类型,进而对突水可能性作出预测.以山东三山岛金矿西山矿区地下水系统为例,对其31个水样的水化学资料进行多元统计分析研究.利用因子分析法对存在相关关系的变量进行空间降维处理,找出能够反映大于90％水样水化学信息的公共正交因子,以其作为系统聚类变量.运用系统聚类并结合实际地下水性质,将研究区地下水划分为典型的2类,然后建立矿区水源的Bayes线性模型,并对其进行验证.通过因子分析法和系统聚类分析法得出,-375 m中段涌水水源划分为2种类型,并得出2种具体的判别函数.结果表明:多元统计方法判别水源具有快速、准确且经济的特点.

三山岛金矿深井开采岩爆问题突出,为了保障作业面安全,提出了卸压孔卸压方案,建立了三维数学模型对卸压效果进行了分析,并通过三山岛金矿深部-780 m采场进行了实施.应力测试结果表明,卸压孔可以有效形成一定范围的降压区,降低了岩爆发生几率.

裂隙作为岩体变形的关键部位及可能的透水通道,严重威胁着矿山尤其是滨海矿山开采的安全.位于山东省莱州市的三山岛金矿西山矿区,地处渤海南岸海滨平原,矿区断裂发育,上覆海水持续威胁着矿山的安全生产.因此,查明裂隙的空间分布情况是研究矿区岩体稳定性及巷道突涌水的一项极为重要的基础工作.结合三山岛金矿西山矿区多年井下水文与裂隙监测数据,对主要透水巷道的裂隙倾向、倾角和间距等几何参数进行统计分析,绘制了裂隙走向玫瑰花图、倾向倾角极点等密度图以及各参数频率分布直方图,对裂隙参数进行了分布规律拟合,并通过MATLAB编程完成了各巷道围岩离散裂隙网络的三维几何建模,能够直观、动态地展示出裂隙的分布情况.结果表明:三山岛金矿西山矿区主要透水中段有-375,-510,-600 m中段,各中段按倾向皆可分成2～3个裂隙组,以NW向和SE向居多,倾角均较大.每组裂隙的倾向、倾角和间距等几何参数可近似认为服从对数正态分布、正态分布或负指数分布,为离散裂隙的定量化提供了可能.根据参数分布规律生成的三维裂隙网络模型能够较好地反映裂隙的几何特征.通过与矿区3条断裂带的对比,得出3组裂隙中属于张扭性断层F3断裂带的裂隙组的渗透能力较其他2组(F1、F2断裂带)强,可为考虑离散裂隙的巷道围岩稳定性分析、采矿过程中裂隙渗透性变化及突涌水通道的判别提供重要参考.

三山岛金矿新立矿区是我国唯一一座海底金属矿山,其对开采技术要求较高,大规模海底开采过程中潜存的安全问题是矿山需解决的首要问题.其中,海底第四系底部黏土隔水层和F1断层泥是阻水的关键部位,这2处隔水层破坏后有可能会造成海水溃入,因此需要探明矿区上覆岩层的地质结构,尤其是黏土隔水层分布情况.经过探索形成了高精度三维地震勘探技术,包括灵活的采集几何,低噪声接收器条件和定量控制等,并在开展新立矿区海底地震勘探中取得了很好的效果.研究表明:在矿区地质勘查中,三维地震勘探方法可在较大深度范围内精细探测浅层与深部的地质结构形态,是一种有效且实用的技术方法;第四系在探测区稳定分布,埋深在8～39m之间,主要表现为西部和北部偏薄,南东方向地层逐渐变深,其中第四系底部的黏土隔水层厚度变化范围为1～11m,分布趋势与第四系基本一致,但在F1断裂附近明显变薄,厚度为2.5～5.0 m,并向北西方向逐渐变薄,隔水稳定性变差,对矿床开采具有一定的风险;下覆基岩强、中、弱3层风化带总的厚度变化范围为3～35m,在F1断裂附近风化带明显变厚,厚度为20～35 m,是矿区主要的透水结构.高精度三维地震技术首次应用于新立矿区的地质结构探测中,为三山岛金矿海底矿区的安全开采设计提供了数据支持.

With the rapid development of mining industry,the traditional management can not meet the increasing demand for production.At the same time,the ecological environment of mine areas are also facing serious threats. Therefore,while improving the mine management model to reduce costs and increase production through modern means,it will be a new trend to promote the intelligent mine and green mine in the future.According to the production management in Sanshandao gold mine,we adopt the logical structure of"process control+production safety+management decision+green mining concept"to form an intelligent green mine construction system applicable to the production and management of gold mines.Several contents were integrated during the construction including the Internet of things platform construction,the geological visualization resources,the realization of production automation,the establishment of integrated safety production system,the integrated information service collaborative system development and application.The construction of intelligent green mine for Sanshandao gold mine has enhanced the efficient development and utilization of mineral resources,promoted energy conservation and emission reduction,reduced risks and damage to the environment,broke the traditional management concept of mines and optimized business processes in all aspects.The experiences and strategies can be taken as references for the construction of intelligent green mine in similar underground metal mines.

This paper aims to capture the evolution rules of fracture-inflowing water at the shallow depth of Xinli gold deposit exploited undcr seawater.From a hydrogeochemical point of view,it uses the principal component analysis and maximum likelihood method to identify the water-recharging sources of the inflowing water and estimate their mixing ratios.Using numerical modeling,the paper verifies indirectly the inflowing water evolutionary character and calculates it with the proposed method.The research shows that the method can effectively identify the combined patterns and variations of end-members of mine inflowing water,and calculate the most possible mixing ratios.The end-member model of the fracture-inflowing water of the Xinli gold mine has been changed from the type Ⅰ bedrock saline water+seabottom groundwater to the type Ⅰ bedrock saline water+seabottom groundwater+seawater.The sea bottom groundwater and seawater are prone to percolating into the mine pit from the shoulders of its both sides.The seawater percentage of the mine inflowing water goes through an increasing first and decreasing history.

In order to meet the requirements of refined mining management and realize the safety and high efficiency of mine production,the tradition planning of underground metal mine has some disadvantages such as strong subjectivity,poor re-al-time performance,low efficiency,big error and difficult to obtain the global optimal solution. The mining workshop operation plan is converted into the multi-objective 0-1 programming model constrained by the mining conditions,workshop production capacity,production tasks as well as production principles,which aims to maximum monthly mining amount,average ore grade and production profits. The ideal point method is used to reduce the dimension of the objective function,the production deci-sion-making state of the mining workshop is described from two dimensions:space and time by two-dimensional 0-1 decision variables,so the solution process of the model is simplified. The model is solved by programming in LINGO,and then the opti-mal scheduling plane in the planning cycle is obtained. The optimization model established in this paper is applied in an under-ground gold mine to optimize the mining operation plan,the optimal timing scheme of stope mining of a certain mouth is ob-tained,and is is displayed by using the Gantt chart. The study results show that the optimization model established in this paper is suitable for the mining operation plan scheduling of underground metal mine,and is good for overcome the drawbacks of the manual scheduling method,besides that,it also help for improving the economic benefits of the mine.

不同矿山具有不同的突水形式和突水机制,对于完全位于海底之下的三山岛金矿新立海底矿区,其水文地质条件、围岩力学属性、矿体形态及其与断层的相对位置决定了其突水机制不同于其他矿山尤其是煤矿常见的突水机制.新立矿区防突结构可能的破坏形式与矿体顶部第四系黏土隔水层以及F1断裂带断层泥隔水带紧密相关,顶板隔离层破断突水和F1的滑动突水是目前可能的突水模式.针对海底矿床开采特有的水文地质结构,在阐明防突结构本质属性的基础上,采用数值模拟手段,分析了不同开采工况下F1断裂防突结构可能的破坏形式.模拟结果表明,当开采规模不大时,F1断层滑动范围仅局限在采空区附近,对顶板隔离层部位F1不会产生影响;但随着海底开采规模的扩大,顶板隔离层部位的F1最终会产生滑动.

为了解回采过程中岩体的破裂情况、主要破裂区域的分布情况,利用微震监测系统对现场的岩石破裂事件进行实测,通过对破裂事件统计分析,将应力释放的时间和应力积聚的时间分为平稳期、活跃期、平静期和二次活跃期4个阶段,反映了能量积聚→能量释放→能量二次积聚→能量转移释放的动态循环过程.微震监测系统的应用明确了现场施工中安全工作需要重点关注的区域,为现场围岩维护提供了有效的依据.

There are large range of water seepage and inflow in surrounding rock mass of tunnels during deep mining of Sanshandao gold mine. As the undersea mining,it is necessary to find the rule and feature of water seepage and inflow for ensu-ring the safe mining. Through analyzing monitoring results of water inflow in multi-level areas,the dynamic law of water inflow in the mine is revealed. Meanwhile,the chemical component of mine water from 15 representative water samples in the range of-510 m to -725 m is analyzed. It is found out that the underground water is mainly Cl-Na water. In mineralization property,it belongs to high-salinity saline water. And the chemical damage of rock mass lead by high-salinity water will affect the stability of deep stoping. Numerical simulation by the software FLAC3D is conducted on deep mining of Sanshandao gold mine to analyze the distribution characteristics of water seepage field. The result shows that the variation of pore water pressure mainly occur in excavation areas. In addition,the variations of water seepage field have already expanded into F3 fault area in which the varia-tion gradient of pore water pressure and seepage pressure are great,which forms high seepage pressure. Therefore,water plug-ging and intensive reinforcement are needed in the mining process.

In the process of geological exploration,due to the limitation of technical and equipment objective conditions,there are lots of basic geological data missing.It causes that the geological data is not complete and accurate as building the deposit model,and has a direct impact on the accuracy of the orebody shape and reserves estimation.In order to provide the complete and believable data,so that the deposit model will be more realistic. Firstly the generation mechanism of geological missing data is studied to find out the method which geological missing data obeys.By means of comparing and analyzing the features and applicable conditions of Expectation Maximization(EM) algorithm,Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) method and Back Propagation(BP) Neural Network,then an interpolation method of geological missing data which based on BP neural network is selected and introduced,and the relative model of processing geological missing data is built up.Finally the whole method is applied in a certain gold mine in Shandong.It has been proved that the model can achieve interpolation of most of the geological missing data,and the results are reliable.In short,it is feasible and effective using the model to solve the integrity problem of geological data caused by basic data missing.

In order to grasp the water seepage characteristics of underground rocks in Sanshandao Gold Mine,and ensure the mining production safety at seabed,the hydrological and geological features of Xinli mining area is analyzed,and the water bursting points at -105 m and -135 m middle section are investigated,and hydraulic connections of every seepage zone in the middle are built. The permeability coefficient tensor of rock mass in Xinli mining area is researched. A large measurement area is divided into various small survey zones in a measurement plane,and then the measured data from some small zones are merged to-gether,obtaining the measurement results of different areas. Based on the calculation program of permeability tensor,the permea-bility coefficient tensor and the overall permeability conductivity at -105 m and -135 m middle section are calculated out. Ac-cording to the statistics of out-crop sampling in Xinli mining area,the geometry parameter probability distribution model of rock structural plane is established. The random simulation calculation of the rock structural plane in Xinli mining area is carried out to obtain the connectivity rate of rock structural plane,and correct the rock permeability coefficient. The measured results show that the permeability coefficient n the ideal condition of the corrected connectivity rate has a good practical application value.

随着年采掘总量的不断增加,北翼通风系统总风量欠缺、采场作业通风紊乱等问题开始显现.结合开采条件和井巷结构特点,对北翼主要井巷通风能力、作业中段风量分配、机站设置及风机优选、通风构筑物设置等进行了综合分析研究,提出北翼通风系统改造设计方案,并对方案进行了计算机模拟解算,预测了通风效果,满足要求.

A method of calculating comprehensive coefficient of atmosphere refraction dynamically is proposed to solve the problems of wide range and unstable etc.in atmosphere refraction.On the premise of satisfying the discrepancy and not exceeding of round trip height difference each measured edge,the minimum value of k is calculated which make the weighted mean of closed height difference in all triangles of monitoring network,then adjustment is calculated in entire trigonometric leveling network.Taking the trigonometric leveling of a dam's surface for example,the feasible of method is proved.

The engineering thermal and humid condition has been investigated to find out the basic reason of heat hazard at Sanshandao Gold Mine.According to the field investigation result of thermal circumstance,the position of surveying surrounding rockmass temperature is designed.Through the temperature curve regression at corresponding location of different middles,the normal surrounding rock temperature gradient is obtained as 2.2×10-2℃/m,and the geothermal gradient at underground geothermal area is 2.6×10-2℃/m.According to the analysis of different thermal resources,rockmass heat dissipation,equipment,air compression and geothermal resource are the main reasons leading to the temperature increasing at Sanshandao Gold Mine.The research provides a basic data for heat hazard analysis and its governance.

为了维护采场顶板稳定,确保采场安全生产,通过对顶板进行稳定性分析,研究采用锚杆支护作为顶板稳定性控制措施,并采用工程类比法确定了锚杆的合理参数.选用FLAC3D数值模拟对无支护和锚杆支护两种方案进行了分析研究,模拟结果表明选取树脂锚杆支护能够减小顶板压力,控制顶板位移变形和岩体冒落.后期的现场实际观测表明,树脂锚杆在顶板稳定性支护中效果良好,能够保证采场顶板的安全稳定.

At Sanshandao gold deposit,the pointed pillar micro arched smooth blasting technology was used in underground stope to reduce the roof damage caused by blasting so as to ensure the stability of the stope roof.This technology not only reached the purpose of safe mining,but also achieved good economic benefits.The practice of the project has demonstrated that the technology is operational and practical in controlling the damage of the stope roof.