在我国发展煤化工是缓解能源供应危机的重要途径.目前,我国正积极从传统煤化工向现代煤化工转型,但现代煤化工仍处于起步阶段,认清煤化工在国内发展的特点并加以正确引导尤为重要.分析了煤化工在国内发展的优势与不足,从环境保护、技术、经济等方面提出发展煤化工的对策与建议.

Salt distillation was a new kind of separation technologies.In this paper,salt effect of alcohol-water system vapor-liquid equilibrium was summarized.And theories of salt effect were outlined.Then applications of salt distillation in alcohol-water system separation were discussed in detail,including distillation with soluble salt,extractive distillation with salt,extractive and reactive distillation with salt.At the same time,their advantages and disadvantages were also introduced.At last,future research of salt distillation for alcohol-water system was forecased.

随着计算机科学的发展,多媒体技术在高校课程中的应用越来越广,发展势头强劲。然而,使用中出现的各种问题也逐渐显露出来,针对这些问题,结合多年的教学经验,以化工类课程为例,提出改进与优化多媒体技术在高校化工专业教学应用中的方法。

Circulating fluidized bed is a new type high efficiency gas-solid reactor,without gas bubble,which is used widely.Characteristics of gas-solid circulating fluidized bed were introduced firstly.Then hydrodynamics in the upper zone of a circulating fluidized bed were summarized.Furthermore,hydrodynamics in the bottom zone of a circulating fluidized bed were discussed.At last,research tendency of hydrodynamics in circulating fluidized bed were prospected.

The experiments were carried out in a circulating fluidized bed riser of 0.4 m in diameter and 9.1 m in height to determine pressure fluctuations at riser wall of different axial levels up the distribution plate.And the data measured were systematically analyzed through power spectrum.Using power spectrum,it is found there is an amplitude maximum value,corresponding to principal frequency.Power spectrum principal frequency decreases and its amplitude increases with increasing solid circulation rate or decreasing riser superficial gas velocity.At the same operational condition,principal frequency keeps general constant,but its amplitude decreases with increasing axial height.

A series of intermolecular hydrogen bonded liquid crystals between 4-(p-hydroxystyryl) pyridine and 4-(p-alkyloxy) benzoic acid were prepared.All the intermediates were investigated by IR and 1H NMR.Complexes were investigated by polarizing microscopy、IR and DSC.Polarizing microscopy and DSC showed that 2 of these complexes exhibited liquid crystals phases.IR showed the form of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The related intermediates and liquid crystal was synthesized which was generated from acrylic acid,ethylene bromine,p-hydroxy benzoic acid,4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and p-methoxyaniline by chloration,etherification,esterification and Schiff base reaction.The structures charactered by IR,NMR.The liquid crystalline properties of the production were investigated using polarized optical microscopy.The results showed that,the compounds with spacer had a good performance of nematic liquid crystalline,liquid crystal temperature range was almost 110℃,there was a broad prospects for application.

论述了化学气相沉积(CVD)技术的基本原理、特点和最新发展起来的具有广泛应用前景的几种CVD新技术,同时分析了化学气相沉积技术的发展趋势,并展望其应用前景。