在新时期新形势下，增强思想政治教育工作的针对性，必须把握思想政治教育的真理性内涵，做到真正摸清官兵的思想脉搏。这样才能够在贴近实际中引导官兵深化对理论的理解，在贴近生活中引导官兵解除学习训练的疑惑，在贴近官兵思想特点和接受能力中获得对理论的认同。

During the fifties and sixties of last century,Liu Shaoqi put forward an idea of "two labor systems,two education systems'',aimed to develop our economic and cultural education as soon as possible.Meanwhile,though the modern social condition for education is hardship,this thought still obtained the greater achievement comparatively.It has important revelation to the education reform today.

延安时期的小学教育,不仅办学形式多样,而且教学手段、教学内容、教材使用等方面也十分丰富与多样。在小学教育中,思想政治课程的设置及政治常识内容的教学,不仅是其特色,也是马克思主义大众化在小学教育中的具体体现。上溯其源,始于中央苏区时期,下察其流,对于解放战争乃至如今的小学教育启发甚大。

陕甘宁边区小学教育是随着抗战的全面爆发而逐渐展开的,其办学形式与数量等也在抗战中不断完善与提高;在其具体的办学实践中,尤其是教材选择与教学方法等方面,体现着十分明显的马克思主义大众化特征,这也是马克思主义大众化的具体实现路径;在其实现大众化的过程中,所有的经验与教训都值得我们今天借鉴。

There were four types of early universities in modern China which included national universities,provincial universities,private universities,and missionary universities.The qualifications and grades of faculty for provincial universities were explicitly specified in government decress.However,different provincial universities adopted discrete ways in their appointment of faculty memebers to cater to their diversified demands.Chongqing University,as a typical example,was characterized by different forms and duration in the appointment of committee members and that of the faculty memebers,which serve as cases of great significance for the reform of employment system in present provincial and state universities.

川陕苏区是中华苏维埃的第二个大区域,是红四方面军进入四川建立的一个革命根据地。川陕苏区建立以后,为了巩固根据地,打破四川军阀的围剿,实行了广泛的政治动员和政治宣传。在此过程中,党的政策与主张和马克思主义的基本观点通过各种符合川陕苏区老百姓实际的灵活多样的方式方法得以宣传和传播,就其本质而言,走了一条马克思主义大众化的路线。

With the development of the network information age,a new generation of young officers and soldiers' ideological level,the moral standards,ideal and belief are varying in,to force the ideological and political work to bring a lot of new problems.The psychology principle introduction of ideological and political work in the field,to carry out the ideological and political education,to promote the troops construction and development has a very important significance.

中央苏区时期的小学教育是整个苏区教育中十分重要的内容,从名称上、建校规模上、儿童入学的规定等方面,都有着比较严格的规范。在苏区小学教育的各个方面,如教育制度、教材使用、课程设置、教学方法上都体现了十分明显的马克思主义大众化色彩,而这些苏区小学教育中马克思主义大众化的历史经验仍然值得我们今天深入学习与思考。

The modern law and politics college is special college to cultivate the modern law and political talent,who flourished in the early Republic,these colleges had thrived for a period time in the early Republic of China.Later,along with the policy specification of the Republic of China,these college be repealed or upgraded,and continue to make greater contribution by cultivate the talents.The setting of the curriculum of Politics also reform,however,the curriculum has different characteristics for varied institution,and has shown the considerable independence idea of running a college and the principle of combination of the theory and the reality.

"延安时期的冬学运动,是延安时期马克思主义大众化实现得非常好的重要时期,在此过程中,马克思主义大众化的实现路径是比较多样化而且丰富的,人民大众经此学习与理解,建立了对马克思主义的坚定信仰。而其成功的经验,更是给予了我们极大的历史启示。

在近代国立大学的教师聘任行为中,政府颁布的相关法令并未设置明确的教学与科研任务,而且就教学与科研二者而言,也未划定孰重孰轻。而在实际的聘任过程中,各国立大学虽也注重教学能力,但却已倾向于科研成果之多寡,因此,实际上科研与教学地位之高下渐趋明显。与此同时,科研成果之质量也与刊载成果之刊物的关系逐渐密切。

Nowadays,we often discuss the education idea of Luo Jialun by their political stance-oriented,but neglected the aspect of their educational achievements.Take the period of Lo Chia-lun charge with Tsinghua University and Central University for example,the article analyzes the specific view of the excellent teacher appointment system and seek to perfect the appointment system of teachers,so as to provide some of the reference for the current appointment reform of the system of university teachers.

师资力量是一所大学构成要素中最为重要之部分,近代各国立大学无不努力延聘优秀师资。这种行为,客观上促进着近代中国大学教育的发展;同时,因为这些优秀人才的教学与科研成就斐然,又从另一方面推动着近代中国学术的不断向前。

"The harmony" should be an integral component of colleges and universities.All colleges and universities in the process of building a harmonious campus,in addition to grasp how to build a commonality,we must also focus on its "personality".School Motto and school song is the characteristics of colleges and universities alone,if we closely link the embodiment of the two,it can bestead to build a harmonious campus and the university's own characteristics.

The period of the Republic of China,the affect factors to the teachers employ of National University are the institutional and non-institutional factors.The factors such as principals,acquaintances or quasi-acquaintances of social relations,and the factions,political or even personal interests are factors such as their specific performance.And the in-depth study of the phenomenon is benefit to the reform of university.

采用文献资料检索,问卷调查和数理统计等研究方法,对湖南高校特困生的体育活动和体育消费现状进行分析研究。结果表明:高校特困学生参与必要性体育活动,带有明显的应试教育功利目的,对充分性体育活动的非凡价值缺乏认识,而特困生的体育消费呈广渠道多流向,表现出量入为出的行为特征,针对研究结果提出了相关建设性意见和举措。

运用访谈问卷调查等研究方法,通过对湖南西部少数民族集中的张家界、吉首、怀化三地区部分中学体育教师的调查研究,从师资队伍现状、专业发展的状况、专业发展的动力,在职培训的目的与方式等方面考察分析了教师专业发展的需求.归纳并提出了体育教师专业发展的对策,旨在加快提高少数民族地区中学体育教师的整体素质.

During the period of the Republic of China,mainly after Nanjing government founded who carried on the relevant policies and regulations to the establishment of the independent college.However,in the course of running a school,the behavior of all independent college often escapes outside the policy.Meanwhile,though the modern social condition for running a school is hardship,but every independent college still obtained the greater achievement comparatively.The achievement has important revelation to the running a school of independent college today.

Universities in Germany and France were typical of the teachers' rank and employment system of European higher education.The two systems of German universities were inherited by the counterparts in Britain,Italy,the US and Japan and meanwhile were developed because of distinct national conditions.Universities in modern China,products which were introduced from the west,also adopted the teacher's rank and employment system,a reflection of profound and comprehensive influence of western universities.

Using face to face interview and questionnaire,the status quo of extracurricular sports activities and sports related consumption of impoverished students' in colleges and universities was investigated and analyzed.As a result,it showed that the impoverished students' degrees were significantly lower in extracurricular sports activities;though there was the ubiquitous lack of health investment concept in extracurricular sports activities,the impoverished students were pursuing fashion.According to the result,some suggestions were given to concern about the impoverished students' extracurricular sports activities,and guidance to their sports related consumption.