In order to discuss the influence of GA3 and soaking temperature on the seed germination of Kalmia latifolia,different levels of gibberellin and diverse soaking time were utilized to process the seeds of Kalmia latifolia ‘Bridesmaid’ in this research.The results showed that the optimum treatment temperature was 40 ℃ ＞20 ℃ ＞60 ℃;the concentration of gibberellin was 0-500 mg/L;400 mg/L and 300 mg/L were selected to soak seeds for 15 min and 30 min.The germination rate,germination potential and germination index had significant difference with control group,and the startup speed of seed germination was reduced.

To investigate how shading intensity influences azalea (Rhododendron agastum) seedlings, we examined changes in plant growth (both anatomical and physiological). For this, Rh. agastum plants were grown under different shading intensities: 0, 31.28, 52.07, and 86.35 %. The results showed that the height, leaf areas and chlorophyll content increased under shade, whereas ground diameter and root length decreased under shade, which caused an increase in the height/diameter ratio. We found that 31.28 % shading significantly enhanced the biomass accumulation, net photosynthetic rate and the light-saturation point. Shading also altered the anatomic structure of Rh. agastum leaves, including reductions in leaf thickness, stomatal density, stomatal indices, and the thickness of the palisade tissue and the number of cellular layers therein, increased in the lengths of the vertical and lateral axes, and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was reduced, which were beneficial to transpiration and photosynthesis. Therefore, the anatomic structure and the photosynthesis characteristics of Rh. agastum were closely connected. On the basis of these results, it could be deduced that moderate shading induces a physiological adaptation mechanism, which markedly affects the form and photosynthesis thereof.

为提高杜鹃的抗旱性,通过对西鹃和毛鹃干旱胁迫过程中叶片含水量、细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标的测定,研究土壤干旱胁迫下杜鹃的生理响应机制并利用隶属函数法综合评价杜鹃的抗旱性.结果表明:西鹃和毛鹃的叶片含水量随着干旱胁迫时间的延长而逐渐降低,细胞膜透性逐渐上升,叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质随着干旱胁迫时间的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈上升趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先增加后减小的趋势;西鹃丙二醛含量上升,而毛鹃丙二醛含量先上升后下降.利用隶属函数法综合评价得出西鹃的抗旱性大干毛鹃.

To provide references for the R.agastum tending management,a pot culture experiment with artificial simulation of light conditions was conducted to explore the effects of different shading treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of R.agastum.Results:The seed germination rate and germination index of 30% shading treatment were the highest,respectively 90.00% and 2.46,and gradually decreased with decreasing light intensity,then reached the minimum at 80% shading treatment, respectively 40% and 0.27.Weak light put off seed germination process in certain degree,germination vigor index decreased with weakening light intensity.R.agastum with different shading treatment had great morphological plasticity,radical length,hypocotyl length,vigor index and young leaf width of 30%shading treatment were the highest,which were respectively 60.71%,29.91%,52.26% and 33.33%higher than full light treatment,that of 80% shading treatment were the lowest,59.09%,54.88%, 74.32% and 66.67% lower than full light treatment respectively.With increasing the shading degree, seedling root vigor decreased,while total chlorophyll content first increased and then decreased,root vigor of 30% shading treatment was the highest[3.49 mg/(g·h)],MDA content of 80% shading treatment was the highest(13.42 nmol/g FW),chlorophyll content of 50% shading treatment was the highest(75.32μg/g).30% shading treatment was beneficial for pot culture of seedlings of R.agastum.

为明确迷人杜鹃凋落叶是否具有化感作用,采用培养皿法,研究了不同浓度迷人杜鹃水浸提液对其种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:浸提液对迷人杜鹃种子发芽和幼苗生长的化感作用表现出“低促高抑”的浓度效应.在浓度为1 mg/mL时,促进了种子萌发、胚芽和胚轴长度的伸长,分别比对照增加了2.67％、17.71％和8.64％.在浓度为50 mg/mL时,发芽率降低77.88％,胚芽和胚轴长度降幅为65.82％、78.37％,抑制了植株生长.用浸提液浸种,在浓度为1 mg/mL时幼苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量提高,随着处理液浓度的提升,幼苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量降低,均可视为防碍生长的生理原因.

Objective]The“One Hundred Mile Azalea Forest”is the largest Rhododendron forest in China so far. Rhododendron agastum is an important protected species in the natural reserve“One Hundred Mile Azalea Forest”in Guizhou province,and has important ecological,scientific and cultural value.[Method]In field investigations in a forest of Rh. agastum,we found that there were a 1ot of litter but rare seedlings in the forest. Aiming at this problem,the effects of litter coverage on seedling regeneration of Rh. agastum communities were investigated in the One Hundred Mile Azalea Forest. The physical effects of litter coverage on seed germination and seedling growth were investigated in artificial simulation experiments in which different seed-sowing positions and different thicknesses of litter were applied. The biochemical effect of litter on seed germination was investigated by irrigating Rh. agastum seeds with litter leachates that were prepared by extraction of litter with diethyl ether,ethyl acetate,or n-butanol. [Result]Our results indicated that a thick litter layer suppressed seedling regeneration under natural conditions. The maximum seedling number was observed for litter less than 4 cm thick,and the number of seedlings gradually decreased with increased litter thickness. Sowing patterns and litter depth had a significant influence on the germination and seedling emergence. The seed germination rate of the control ( without litter) was highest. Seeds sown on the litter surface had much lower germination rate or failed to germination. With the increase of litter thickness,the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate decreased. No matter which kind of extract processing of three kinds of leachates,high concentrations inhibited seed germination,most notably for the diethyl ether fraction at the concentration of 12 mg·mL -1 . In this concentration,the germination rate and seedling height of Rh. agastum were decreased by 83. 0% and 68. 8%,respectively,with the embryo root growth completely stopped. These present results suggested that litter would have a physical and allelopathy effect. The litter appeared to act as a physical obstacle that prevented seedlings from rooting, and also impeded their growth. Furthermore,the litter led to low-light conditions that suppressed seed germination. Allelochemicals present in the litter also inhibited seed germination and seedling formation,which was evidenced by the fact that the litter extractions by using diethyl ether,ethyl acetate,and n-butanol contained 29,16,and 4 allelochemicals,respectively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [Conclusion]Thus, in Rhododendron forest tending management, reasonably cleaning up litters could promote the natural regeneration of Rh. agastum seedlings.

用不同梯度的pH值、不同比例的泥炭土、腐殖土、珍珠岩对山月桂进行播种育苗实验.试验表明:山月桂种子首次引进播种的最高发芽率为90％,平均发芽率为85.8％;不同的pH值也呈现不同的发芽率,当pH值为5时发芽率最高,发芽率为90％;最适合山月桂播种育苗的基质为腐殖土和珍珠岩的混合物(播种基质体积比为4∶1,育苗基质体积比为2∶1);用这种基质移栽的实生苗成活率最高达96％,实现山月桂在贵州部分地域环境的移植栽培,并具有较高成活率.

为了探明雷山杜鹃种子的萌发特性，对采自梵净山国家级自然保护区的雷山杜鹃的种子形态、千粒质量、吸水率及种皮抑制物质进行观察与测定，统计了种子在不同贮藏时间、不同浸种方法及不同培养温度处理下的发芽率和发芽势，并对所得数据作方差分析与LSD检验。结果表明，雷山杜鹃种子呈长椭圆形，种皮呈红褐色，表面有细条纹，两端有翅，长（2．50±0．19） mm、宽（1．02±0．08） mm、厚（0．30±0．03） mm，千粒质量为（0．284±0．010） g；种皮透水性较好，刺破种皮种子浸提液对白菜种子发芽有显著的抑制作用，完整种皮种子表现不明显；在常温下，随着贮藏时间延长，种子发芽率和发芽势逐渐下降；用400 mg/L GA3浸种24 h，种子发芽率和发芽势分别提高了19、21.67百分点；在15～25℃条件下，种子发芽势和发芽率随着培养温度的升高逐渐降低。

Twelve endomycorrhizal fungal strain isolates were used to inoculate 2-year-old ornamental Rhododendron annae Franch. seedlings, and plant growth were investigated. The results showed that the seedling roots could be effectively colonized by Endophytes. The infection rate of strain TY35 was highest, at 74.14%. Different strains had significantly different effects on growth promotion. The improvements in seeding above-ground and below-ground biomass, total biomass were significant after inoculation with fungi.

研究12株杜鹃花类菌根(ericoid mycorrhiza,ERM)菌株对2年生桃叶杜鹃Rhododendron annae幼苗生长及矿质元素氮积累的影响.结果表明:接种ERM真菌的植株根系均被有效地感染,不同菌株促生效应显著,接种ERM真菌显著增加幼苗地上、地下部分及总生物量.与对照相比,ERM菌株接种后,显著提高了接种幼苗氮质量分数和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,且各处理差异极显著(P＜0.01).接种苗根部氮质量分数提高了2.0％～40.3％,叶部提高了2.8％～50.6％.接种苗根部硝酸还原酶活性除菌株TY41外,其余处理高于对照0.9％～29.3％,叶部除菌株TY41和菌株TY24外,高于对照6.5％～43.9％.不同器官硝酸还原酶活性表现为根系大于叶片.

Based on viewpoint of ethnobotany,the Dong Nationality’s traditional knowledge of utilizating plant re-sources in Qiandongnan (southeast of Guizhou Province)were studied,including plant resources associated with the eating habits,commonly used medicine,traditional residence,living appliances,mode of production,folk belief and worship of nature and so on.And the ways of knowing,utilizing and conserving plant resources in Dong community there were analyzed,too.The results showed that there were about 122 species of plants in everyday life of Dong peo-ple in Qiandongnan.Plant resources played a very important role in their physical and mental life.The plant resources include utilized for food,pharmaceutical,dyestuff,faith,dwelling and living utensils etc.Dong people possessed a lot of knowledge and experience in utilizing plants and had created specificity ethnic culture.Many of their traditional knowledge and experience still have important values of research and reference for exploitation and utilization of plant resources in their own or other ethnic populations.

The conflict between poverty and the resulting over-exploitation of natural resources on the one hand, and ecological restoration and sustainable development on the other hand, in the southwest China karst region was studied.In this region, the karst forest (a mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest) is rapidly degrading due to over-exploitation (sloping farming).We suggest that an Ecological Compensation (EC) model should be established with: financial institutions, local people, and a third part as an intermediate link.The process would continue for 20 years.As a case study we used Bangui town (3800 families) in the upper reaches of Pearl River.The per capita income of residents was used as the benchmark.The compensation would start with 80%, and decrease to 20% over a period of 20 years.Infrastructure investment would decrease from 20% of the total person's compensation to 5% as the farmers increasingly use alternative income sources.The EC includes compensation for individual, infrastructure, and environmental investments.The total EC for Bangui would be 305,064 × 10 4 yuan during the 20 years.

Some plants’ornamental value was described in this paper. Cutting propagation of these ornamental plants in Guizhou Province was preliminarily studied. The result showed that the rooting rate of Viburnum sempervirens and Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf was the highest,up to 100 % . The root system was developed. Cutting propagation was the best way for both of them in this paper. And the rooting rate of Buxus microphylla Sieb. et Zucc. , Ilex metabaptista Loes. ex Diels,Distylium racemosum,Sycopsis salicifolia,Symplocos sumuntia and Ilex corallina Franch. var. aberrans Hand. -Mazz was above 50 % . The root system is developed,so they are suitable for cutting propagation.

Twelve ericoid mycorrhiza (ERM) fungal isolates were used to inoculate 2-year-old Rhododendron annae Franch. seedlings to study effects of the inoculations on the plant growth potential, biomass and endogenous hormones contents and enzyme activity. The results showed that the inoculations with ERM significantly increased height, diameter, leaf area, mainroot length and biomass of the seedlings. The height increased by 29.47%-73.68% than that control, and diameter increased by 11.16%~70.09%. The total biomass increased by 3.86%-61.22%, of which the highest increase in shoot dry weight was 99.69%, and and the highest increase in underground part dry weight was 27.27%. The contents of indole acetic acid( IAA), gibberellin (GA3), zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) in the inoculated seedlings with ERM were significantly higher than those in non-inoculated plants, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was less than that of control. ERM fungi might promote the growth of R. annae seedlings through secreting hormone or stimulating the secretion of plant hormones, or coordinating several hormones. As for the comprehensive effects of the inoculations, strains TY35, TY18, TY29, TY19, TY02, and TY12 were selected as optimum ERM isolates for seedlings of R. annae.

在足茎毛兰的组培快繁过程中,有机添加物10％的椰乳对原球茎的诱导有极显著影响;激素组合6-BA和NAA及配比10∶1对芽的诱导和增殖起明显的促进作用;一定浓度的IBA对足茎毛兰的壮苗生根起关键性作用;栽培基质的选择极大地影响足茎毛兰的移栽成活率.

以野生糙叶杜鹃半木质化茎段为试材,采用植物生长激素KNAA和KIBA对插穗进行处理,测定不同生根期内源激素IAA,GA3,ZR,ABA,以及茎段扦插过程中可溶性糖、全氮含量和相关抗氧化酶活性变化.结果表明:2 000 mg·L-KNAA+2 000 mg·L-KIBA处理对插条生根具有显著影响,处理后的插穗生根率达到78.65％.在扦插生根过程中,较高浓度的内源IAA含量有利于根原基分化形成,GA3含量上升与插穗愈伤组织的诱导、不定根的形成呈正相关性,低水平的ABA更有利于糙叶杜鹃扦插生根;插穗在根原基分化和愈伤组织形成时期需要消耗一定的内源ZR;在生根过程中IAA/ABA比值较小,这可能是糙叶杜鹃扦插难生根的主要原因之一;插穗在生根过程中可溶性糖含量的增加、氮素含量的降低均有利于插穗不定根的生成.在扦插生根过程中氧化酶活性呈规律性变化,SOD,POD,PPO活性在愈伤组织诱导期上升,愈伤组织形成后略有下降,其中POD,PPO活性在不定根的形成期上升;生根后期糙叶杜鹃的CAT活性维持在较高的水平.

Literature review did not yield any information of Ilex qianlingshanensis C.J.Tseng in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China.For the last three years,we observed and examined both male and female flowers,which were described and illustrated.Male inflorescence:cymes of order 2,axillary on current year's branchlets,3~7 flowers,lavender.Female inflorescence:cymes of orderl solitary,axillary on current year's branchlets,1~3 flowers,lavender or white.The taxonomic information of I.qianlingshanensis C.J.Tseng was supplemented and perfected.

Taking the seeds of Rhododendron annae Franch as test materials,the 1000-grain weight,moisture content,water absorption and the inhibiting substance of testa were measured,the effect of germination rate and germination potential of Rhododendron annae Franch seeds at different temperatures,different temperature+different soaking treatments and different storage methods were studied.The results showed that the 1000-grain weight of Rhododendron annae Franch seeds was very light,only 0.319 g;the seed moisture content was low,only 10.24%.The testa permeability of seeds was good,and there was no material inhibiting seed germination in testa.The constant temperature was conductive to seed germination.The seed germination with gibberellin treatment and at 25℃ was better than others for Rhododendron annae Franch seeds;the seed germination potential of Rhododendron annae Franch was greatly improved after storage,and compared with storage at room temperature,the low temperature sealing preservation was better.

Rhododendron seeds were soaked with KMnO 4 ,6-BA and NAA. The research results showed that KMnO 4 could promote the germination of seeds in a certain concentration range. NAA could also improve the germination of seed. 6-BA had a negative effect on seed germination. Germination force,germination percentage and final germination percentage were 64 % ,81 % and 92 % respectively in the 150 mg/L NAA solution for 24 hours. The final germination percentage was 91 % when soaking with 1 % KMnO4 solution for 12 hours at 4 ℃ and then with 150 mg/L NAA solution for 24 hours.

To seek the dwarfing technology of R.decorum,the effects of different treatment of plant growth retardant on the seedling height,ground diameter and change of stomata characteristics were studied through a field experiment.The results showed that plant growth retardants could significantly inhibit the height and ground diameter growth of R.decorum.The best retardant of height growth was B9 2000 mg/L,the best retardant of ground diameter growth was PP333 2 000 mg/L.The stomata density,porosity index,aspect ratio of leaves in different treatments were significantly different with the control,the stomata of all leaves was of oval shape.