随着仿真性能需求和应用规模的提高,满足超实时仿真效率要求,提高系统的重用性、扩展性和智能化水平,成为仿真系统构建的关键问题.基于传统仿真技术研究,从系统的软件模块组成、仿真推进策略、模型状态管理等方面,设计了基于试验设计方法的智能超实时仿真系统架构,提出了基于并行仿真技术及主动全局仿真时间管理机制的超实时仿真策略.通过针对大型舰船舰面航空保障过程的仿真示例,验证了超实时仿真系统的设计思想,达到了面向航空保障过程的仿真推演及效能评估目标.

大型舰船舰面保障作业指驻扎于大型舰船的飞机的一次出动过程中,发生于舰面的针对飞机的出动回收准备活动(如飞机调运、物资转运、飞机滑跑起飞等).基于舰面监控视频检测舰面保障作业,利于分析并提高保障作业效率.在大型舰船携带的机群出动过程中,各飞机的保障作业同时进行,涉及数以百计的操作员、高级器械及设施设备的协作.针对大型舰船舰面保障作业检测问题中,同一视频场景内同时发生多个保障作业且参与者位置交叉、重叠的难点,提出一种基于多实体贝叶斯网络的大型舰船舰面保障作业检测技术.该技术假设在视频数据预处理阶段获取视频中各目标物清晰连贯的运动轨迹;在保障作业检测阶段,输入目标物轨迹,先基于带约束的轨迹自动聚类算法,自动计算聚类个数,并将参与同一保障作业的轨迹聚至同一类;在各聚类内,采用基于MEBN的保障作业识别技术,推断保障作业类型.大型舰船舰面监控视频数据集上的实验表明,该方法对同一视频场景中同时发生的且参与者位置交叉的舰面保障作业具有良好的检测效果.

Measuring the credibility of a simulation model has always been challenging due to its growing uncertainty and complexity. During the past decades, plenty of metrics and evaluation procedures have been developed for evaluating different sorts of simulation models. Most of the existing research focuses on the direct comparison of numerical results with a group of reference data. However, it is sometimes unsuitable for evolving dynamic models such as the multi-agent models. With the same condition, both the practical system and the simulation model perform highly dynamic actions. The credibility of the model with insufficient information, non-stationary states and changing environment is unable to acquire through a direct pair comparison. This paper presents a pattern-based validation method to complementarily extract hidden patterns that exist in both a simulation model and its reference data, and assess the model performance in a different aspect. Firstly, multi-dimensional perceptually important points strategy is modified to find the patterns exist in time-serial data. Afterward, a pattern organizing topology is applied to automatically depict required pattern from reference data and assess the performance of the corresponding simulation model. The extensive case study on three simulation models shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

>Dear editor,Simulation is one of the most important technologies that aid in the study of real-world phenomena. It helps engineers in making better decisions related to complex systems when mathematical models are partially or even completely unknown. A simulation model is an analog of real-world objects. Only appropriate and qualified models can ensure applicable and valuable simula-

结合航空指挥和保障系统的特点,借鉴系统工程理论方法,提出面向航空指挥和保障系统的CAMP数字化设计方法.给出航空指挥和保障系统一体化协同设计平台架构,以及平台搭建过程中涉及的关键技术.以某型航空指挥和保障系统设计为例,介绍如何基于一体化协同设计平台实现面向不同设计人员和设计过程的航空指挥和保障系统论证、设计、仿真、集成与验证的一体化过程,对提出的理论方法进行应用验证.

航空指挥和保障系统(简称航保系统)作为一类典型的复杂大系统,存在着功能组成复杂、流程复杂、作业场景复杂、资源种类及约束条件多等特点.结合航保系统设计需求,借鉴系统工程理论方法,提出了一种模型驱动Model driven)的以流程为核心(Process centered)的航空指挥和保障大系统仿真优化设计方法,并围绕其关键使能技术进行了介绍,包括模型驱动的多视图体系结构设计、流程牵引的航保作业仿真、面向效能的资源优化配置等技术;给出了航保系统仿真优化设计平台架构,从而为实现面向不同领域设计人员、不同设计阶段的航空指挥和保障系统数字化、协同化设计提供了理论方法和手段支撑.

Cloud Manufacturing environment enables enterprises to share their resources together for rental profits and customized production. The fact that most manufacturing devices are organized and controlled in a particular production line hinders the flexible use of the corresponding services in a cloud platform. Therefore, the collaborative selection of upper layer suppliers and the underlying manufacturing services is of great importance, but rarely considered. To address the problem, a two-layer integrated model of supplier selection and service scheduling is proposed to provide feasible solutions for different kinds of production requirements. The decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, i.e., MOEA/D, is applied to minimize the production time, the rental cost and the transportation cost for producing a customized product. We empirically demonstrate that the integrated optimization way is more efficient than the original two-step decision way in practice.

A modeling method of air command and security work process service oriented was proposed combined with the typical process equipment air command and support building requirements.Air command and process characteristics was analyzed systematically.On this basis,a complex process modeling method was proposed.From the concept of process meta-model,process formalized description mechanism was studied.A prototype flow modeling tool was developed,and the rationality of the proposed method was analyzed combined with the application example.

The distributed assembly permutation flowshop problem (DAPFSP) is a typical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem and represents an important area in multiple distributed production systems, where a series of jobs are to be processed on machines in one of specific factories (processing stage) and then assembled into final products by a single machine (assembly stage). In this study, a class of complex DAPFSP with respect to minimizing the total tardiness is investigated by considering real-practice constraints, including no-wait, no-idle and due dates, labeled as DAPFSP-T hereafter. And an effective scatter search based memetic algorithm (SS-MA) is proposed to address the difficulties of proposed DAPFSP-T model. Specifically, in the proposed SS-MA, a few compositive heuristics are proposed by comprehensively deploying several well-known constructive heuristics, and serve as the initialization method. Subset generation mechanism and solution combination methods are deliberatively designed to implement the global coarse exploration. Meanwhile, the improvement procedure in conventional SS is incarnated by a three-stage simulated annealing (3SSA) with three kinds of neighborhood structures to perform the local fine exploitation. Through the above sophisticated combination of multiple operators, it is expected in the proposed SS-MA the balance between global and local search abilities could be well achieved. And it is demonstrated by our experimental studies and comparisons that the proposed SS-MA could yield satisfactory searching performances, where solutions are significantly improved compared with multiple heuristic methods.

To solve the integration of heterogeneous simulation systems or platforms based on different communication protocols,a heterogeneous system integration technology of Air Command and Security System (ACSS) for LVC simulation was proposed combined with ACSS integrated simulation requirements.By analyzing the characteristics and requirements of air command and support LVC simulation system,an integrated framework of air command and LVC simulation system on the basis of existing heterogeneous system integration technology and data center was proposed.Those aspects such as resource layer,middleware layer,core service layer,application layer and so on were introduced.An integrated framework for command and support integrated simulation system was provided.

In this paper,the identical parallel machine rescheduling problem,which subjects to job release time,machine available time,and machine eligibility restrictions,is addressed.First,the problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming model;second,considering the problem's NP-hard characteristic and tight constraint from computational time for real scheduling,an optimization framework of priority rule-based dispatching rules is proposed;finally,the proposed framework is applied to three practical instances and compared by the scheduling results,which suggest the release time related priority rules (ERD,EFD) perform better.It is worth mentioning that it is the first paper to consider the Pm｜rj,aj,Mj,brkdwn｜Cmax,TC,ND problem.

As a novel population-based optimization algorithm, Teaching-Learning based Optimization (TLBO) possesses the advantages of single tuned parameter and global fast coarse search capability, at the same time it risks being trapped in local optima for function optimization due to premature convergence. In this paper, a TLBO-based memetic algorithm, namely TLBO-SPSA, is proposed, in which simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) is incorporated into the canonical TLBO to enhance its local search capability and balance the global exploration and local exploitation as well. Numerical results on six well-known benchmark problems and comparisons with the state-of-the-art algorithms, e.g., conventional TLBO, I-TLBO, LGMS-FFO, IFFO, show that the proposed TLBO-SPSA outperforms the other algorithms in terms of the accuracy and convergence rate, especially the superior performance and robustness for solving higher dimensional problems.

Air command and security (ACS) process is a kind of typical complex operation process. Its modeling issue has become a hot spot and challenge in the research field of complex operation process. Combining the demand on the application of air command and support, this paper proposes a simulation-based modeling method of integrating air command and support process, emphatically describing such aspects as the meta-model of the concept of aviation support process, work flow service modeling and arrangement of multi-aircraft process, etc. Finally, based on actual cases of application, this paper unfolds simulating verification and assessment on the whole process of control and support operation process of a flight task involving multiple aircrafts.

飞行指挥和保障作业流程作为一类典型的复杂作业流程,其建模问题已成为当前复杂作业流程研究领域的热点和难点问题.结合飞行指挥和保障应用需求,提出一种基于仿真的飞行指挥和保障作业流程一体化建模方法,重点从飞行指挥作业流程概念元模型、作业序列服务化建模、多机流程编排等方面进行了阐述,结合实际应用案例,开展了某多机任务飞行指挥和保障作业全流程的仿真验证和评估.

Combining with the emerged technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of things, service-oriented technologies and high performance computing, a new manufacturing paradigm – cloud manufacturing CMfg – for solving the bottlenecks in the informatisation development and manufacturing applications is introduced. The concept of CMfg, including its architecture, typical characteristics and the key technologies for implementing a CMfg service platform, is discussed. Three core components for constructing a CMfg system, i.e. CMfg resources, manufacturing cloud service and manufacturing cloud are studied, and the constructing method for manufacturing cloud is investigated. Finally, a prototype of CMfg and the existing related works conducted by the authors' group on CMfg are briefly presented.

Facing technological innovation and structural transformation challenges in depth development of China's manufacturing industry, the concept of cloud manufacturing (CMfg) was proposed and got government's support. This paper reviews the development status of CMfg in China. On the one hand, a number of research institutions studied systematically on theories and key technologies of CMfg, such as application patterns and platform architectures, resource matching, service composition and sharing, manufacturing cloud integrated management, etc. And on the other hand, some cloud manufacturing service platforms were build and applied in small and medium-sized enterprises and group enterprises, such as group enterprise CMfg service platform for the complicated aerospace products, CMfg service platform of aerospace technology group, group enterprise CMfg service platform for manufacturing and management, cloud application in growing enterprise management informatization, CMfg service platform for mould and flexible material industry, CMfg service platform for new product R&D of car parts, CMfg service platform for steel industry chain collaboration, CMfg service platform for mould industry in Ningbo, etc.

Private cloud as an important branch of cloud computing has brought significant benefit to many kinds of conglomerates in resource sharing. With central management of centre console, Service Composition Optimal Selection (SCOS) and Optimal Allocation of Computing Resources (OACR) are two critical steps for implementing high flexible and agile service provision and resource sharing among sub-enterprises and partner-enterprises under the key technologies of virtualization. However, two steps decision-making are inefficient and cumbersome. To overcome this deficiency, the idea of combining SCOS and OACR into one-time decision in one console is first presented in this paper, named Dual Scheduling of Cloud Services and Computing Resources (DS-CSCR). The mutual relations between the upper layer cloud services and the underlying infrastructures and their properties in the private cloud of conglomerate are deeply analyzed. For addressing large-scale DS-CSCR problem, a new Ranking Chaos Optimization (RCO) is proposed. With the consideration of large-scale irregular solution spaces, new adaptive chaos operator is designed to traverse wider spaces within a short time. Besides, dynamic heuristic and ranking selection are introduced to control the chaos evolution in the proposed algorithm. Theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that the new DS-CSCR outperforms the traditional two-level decision making with the improvements in both cloud service composition and computing resource allocation. In addition, RCO can remarkably give much prominent solutions with low time-consuming and high stability than a few typical intelligent algorithms for solving DS-CSCR in private cloud. With the new DS-CSCR and RCO, cloud services and computing infrastructures can then be quickly combined and shared with high efficient decision.

Manufacturing capability sharing and circulation are the most important aims in cloud manufacturing (CMfg). In order to realize the above target, the issue of how to realize the formal description of manufacturing capability need to be solved. In this paper, a modeling and description method of multidimensional information for manufacturing capability in CMfg system is studied. Firstly, the concept and current research related to manufacturing capability are summarized. Then a multidimensional information model of manufacturing capability is established. Based on the model, a description method of manufacturing capability is proposed, and the related key technologies, e.g., fuzzy information description and dynamic behavior description, are systematically analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a case study.

　　云制造[1]作为一种服务化、网络化、智能化的制造模式，支持制造资源和制造能力的按需使用，从而实现基于网络的共享与协同分散制造资源，为制造全生命周期过程中整合社会化存量制造资源和能力，提高制造资源和能力利用率，从而降低资源消耗，为实现绿色制造和服务型制造提供了一条重要的途径。因此，云制造的概念一经提出，在学术界和企业界产生了广泛的影响，迅速引起了国内各级政府、企事业单位的关注，国家“863”计划、支撑计划等相继支持开展相关研究，截至目前，取得了一批显著成果，推动了云制造理念的“落地”及进一步推广应用。与此同时，云制造的理念也引起了国际学术界的关注，相继有新西兰、瑞典、美国、德国、英国、伊朗等国家的学者开展了相关研究，使云制造成为国内外学术界一个新的研究领域。

In this paper, we present a site-based and resource-constrained project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relation (SRCPSP-GPR) by extending the RCPSP-GPR, in which the site constraints are considered to minimize project durations. After formalizing the SRCPSP-GPR, we give three concepts, i.e., Same-site activities, SubNet and Combined-SubNet, based on the precedence and site constraints. Then, we propose two heuristic algorithms to resolve this problem, the SubNet based search (SNBS) algorithm and the Combined-SubnNet based search (CSNBS) algorithm. The experimental results show that CSNBS is much more effective than SNBS, i.e., it can get more minimum project durations. However, the computational complexity of CSNBS is obviously larger than that of SNBS.