Researched the distribution of Na+ and K+ in different vegetative organs of poplar material ‘107’ and ‘18-1’, which were 1~2 year old tree and different in ground diameter in saline environment. The results indicated that the distribution of Na + and K+ in poplar vegetative organs was different.The change of content of Na+ and K+ in roots, stems and leaves of ‘107’ was obvious with different tree age and different ground diameter ,the content of Na+ and K+ in roots of ‘18-1’ containing NTHK1 was fundamentally equal with different tree age and ground diameter. The content of K + in stems raised with increase of tree age,the content of K + in leaves lowered with increase of tree age,the content of Na+ in stems and leaves was lesser .The features that poplar ‘18-1’ was more applicable the saline than ‘107’,which can better resist to salt stress and maintain ion homeostasis. The effect of NTHK1 may be limitted a large number of Na+ in the vacuole and reduced ion toxicity of high consistency Na+ to cell, so the salt tolerance ability of 18-1 containing NTHK1 was enhanced.

With hypocotyls and cotyledon of tomato seedlings as the explants,the effects of mediums with different hormone on callus,adventitious bud induction,and rooting of the explants were studied.The results showed that it's effect was the best that using 0.7 mg·L-1 6-BA concentration and 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA concentration inducted callus of hypocotyls and cotyledon of LA2711 tomato and Liger tomato in MS medium with NAA 0.7 mg·L-1.In 2.0 mg·L-16-BA level,it's effect was the best that using 0.3 mg·L-1 IAA level inducted differentiation of LA2711 tomato,and it's effect was the best that using 0.1 mg·L-1 IAA level inducted differentiation of Liger tomato.

以受体杨树107和转基因杨树18-1的一年生枝条为材料,采用Hoagland营养液水培方法,添加不同浓度的NaCl,检测二者植株生长以及叶中Na+和K+含量的变化.结果表明,在0.6%NaCl处理下18-1生根率明显高于107,生物量较大,叶片中Na+积累量是107的1.45倍左右.以107和18-1离体叶片为材料,NaCl处理下测定其生理活性指标,发现18-1叶盘的失绿速度和相对电导率都显著低于107叶盘.把离体叶片接种在改良MS培养基上,1.2%NaCl处理可使107叶盘几乎停止伸长,细胞大小不再增加;而18-1叶盘培养7天后伸长了近50%.以上结果表明利用离体叶片可以鉴定出不同基因型杨树的耐盐潜力.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)isolate in Tianjin was identified at molecular level,and the genome sequence of DNA-A has been cloned and analyzed.The results showed that the homology of the isolate in Tianjin was 93%or more with the isolates in Shandong,Anhui,Shanghai,Zhejiang,South Korea,Japan,Jordan,Israel USA and Mexico.And the homology was 80%with Comoros,Madagascar and other African countries.The isolate in Tianjin was not the same virus with the isolates in Guangdong G3 and Guangxi.There were two bases in the open reading frame which encode AC2 protein occurred mutation,leading to the 90st amino acid of AC2 protein E→G and the 104st H→Y.

Detached leaf sections (2×2cm2) from transgenic poplar line 18-1 and its wild type (WT) (Populus× euramericana 'Neva') were used to test their salt tolerance and gene expression under controlled environment conditions. The sections from line 18-1 displayed better tolerance to NaCl stress, indicated by high chlorophyll retention and K+ content but low relative electrolyte leakage (REL). Transient overexpression of NTHK1 (Nicotiana tabacum histidine kinase 1) and V-H+-PPase was found in the detached young leaves from line 18-1 after they had been stressed for a few minutes. The activities of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and H+-PPase in line 18-1 were boosted initially and then decreased to normal level as in unstressed leaves. After sections were stressed for 10 days, the maximal Na+ concentration in line 18-1 was much higher than that in the WT. The higher capacity for Na+ accumulation in line 18-1 may be due to stable Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles. Osmotic stress imposed little effect on REL and chlorophyll content of the sections. The capacity of detached leaf sections in NaCl solution to tolerate stress and to accumulate Na+ may be useful for identifying genotypes with good salt tolerance in poplar and other plants.

This paper described pretreatment methods of cellulose,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials is the important developing orientation of bioenergy. In order to increase the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose, methods related with the removal of lignin from lignocellulose had been widely studied in recent years, which were focused on the pretreatment of biomass with acids, alkalis, oxides, organosolvs, ionic liquids and so on. Chemical technology for removing lignin at modest temperature and pressure will certainly accelerate the industrialization of cellulosic ethanol.

Effects of different concentrations of NaCl on salt tolerance of roots in poplar ‘107’ (Populus×euramericana ‘Neva’) and transgenic poplar ‘18-1’ and ‘18-4’ with NTHK1 (Nicotiana tabacum histidine kinase-1) were investigated. The results showed that dry weight and length of roots in ‘18-1’ and ‘18-4’ were significantly higher than that of ‘107’. Under the stress of 400 mmol·L-1 NaCl for 60 min, the K+ leakage amount of ‘107’ were 49.34% and 19.68% higher than those of ‘18-1’ and ‘18-4’ respectively. And the relative electrolyte leakage (REL) of ‘107’ was also significantly higher than those of ‘18-1’ and ‘18-4’ after treatments of 400 mmol·L-1 KCl or NaCl for 30 min. But isotonic 30% PEG had little effect on the REL of root segment in vitro. The NaCl solution added with 400 mmol·L-1 KCl or KNO3 significantly increased the REL of root segment in vitro, and made a greater difference between the different genotypes poplar. The results showed that the determination of K+ leakage volume and REL of root segments in vitro could quickly identify potential salt tolerance of different genotypes of poplars.

History of evolving and culturing tomato was briefly introduced. Reviews were made on the roles played by canning industry and single plant line breeding in tomato production, utilization of genetic germplasms and procedure of breeding technique development, situation of consuming tomato and its products. Profound effects of processing and new variety improving techniques on tomato production in America were analyzed.

In this study, Phragmites communis and Puccinellia tenuiflora were used as research materials by culturing in sand. The relative permeability of plasma membrane in leaves, the content of chlorophyll, the content of Na+, K+ in leaves and roots were measured and compared. The main experimental results were as follows: with increasing salt concentration, relative permeability of plasma membrane had increased, content of chlorophyll first increased and then decreased, the content of Na+ and K+ showed various degree of change. It revealed the different mechanism of salt tolerance of Phragmites australis and Puccinellia tenuiflora. Phragmites australis was a plant of salt resistance, Puccinellia tenuiflora was a salt secreting plant.

The salt tolerance of different willow varieties was studied by water culture experiments and pot culture experiments.The results showed that the survival rate and the biomass of seedlings of willow decreased gradually with the increasing of salt concentration.And the salt tolerance of Salix×aureo-pendula was better than that of Salix matsudana Koidz.There was significant difference for the threshold values of sodium ion resulted in the death of the leaves in different willow varieties.The sodium ion content in the Salix×aureo-pendula and the Salix matsudana Koidz were 40 mg/g(DW) and 30 mg/g(DW) respectively.The soil humidity and the salt concentration of groundwater exerted a dual influence on the accumulating speed of the salt in the willow.

Effects of different storage conditions and time on tomato pollen viability as well as relationship between pollination times and hybrid seed yield were studied based on 6 different tomato inbred lines.The results showed that there was significant difference among genotypes in sensitivity of pollen viability on the storage conditions and storage duration.For most genotypes more than 50% pollens could germinate after being kept in desiccators at 4 ℃ for 2 days.Repeated pollination significantly increased seed weight and seed numbers in fruits as well as fruit set percentage,but imposed little effect on seed weight itself and fruit weight.The effect of single fruit weight on seed weight and quantity in fruits was not significant.

Seeds of Ailanthus altissima Swingle were treated with ~(60)Co γ-rays at the doses of 0,30,50,75,100,150 and 200Gy,the effects of irradiation on seed germination and seedling growth were studied.The results showed that irradiation inhibited germination,and decreased the survival rate and the growth of plants.The inhibition effects became stronger with the increase of the irradiation dose.Semi-lethal dose of Ailanthus altissima Swingle seeds was 50Gy.50～75Gy could be considered as the proper dose for seed irradiation treatment of Ailanthus altissima Swingle.Nine salt-tolerant mutants were obtained,which could grow in 0.5% sea salt solution.

The potential of developing new processing tomato varieties and problems in industrialization were analyzed and discussed. It is concluded that scientists in multi-disciplines should be organized to solve key problems. Yield potential and quality characteristics of new varieties should be improved continuously, which would guarantee the steady high speed of developing processing tomato from original material in China.

Comparing with their corresponding wild allele genes, a single nucleotide mutation was taken place in high pigment genes hp1 and hp2 of tomato(Lycpersicon esculentum), respectively, which was very difficult to be discriminated by normal PCR technique.In this experiment, the relationship between specific PCR and mismatched bases as well as their positions were studied.Results showed that the primer with double-base mismatch TA-TG could distinguish mutation location of hp1 from its wild allele location at annealing temperature 49.3 +0.1 ℃.A primer with T-C mismatch could distinguish mutation location of hp2 from its wild allele location at annealing temperature 53.5+0.1 ℃ .The position of mismatched bases at 3' end of primers had little effect on specificity of PCR.

Plant growth and changes of Na~+ and K~+ concentrations in leaves,stems or roots were investigated in 1-year-old cuttings from receptor poplar'107'(Populusxeuramericana‘Neva')and transgenic poplar'18-1',which were exposed to salt stress in Hoagland solution.It was shown that the growth of both poplars were markedly inhibited in Hoagland with 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl addition.while‘18-1'was less inhibited than‘107'.The concentration of Na~+in leaves was keeping increasing.and after 9 day culture Na~+concentration in the leaves of ‘18-1'was greatly higher than that of‘107'.The accumulation amount of Na~+ in‘18-1'leaves was about 1.6 times higher than that in'107'when their leaves displayed same necrosis degree under NaCl stress.The death ratio of epidermal cells was about 42%and 97%in‘18-1' and‘107'in distilled water with 4 mol·L~(-1) NaCl addition,respectively.These results indicated that salt tolerance of the transgenic poplar'18-1'was much higher than that of receptor poplar‘107'.

The effects of sea salt solution with different concentrations on free proline,Na + content and Na+/K+ ratio in vegetative parts of Sonchus oleraceus L.treated under water culture were studied.The results showed that free proline contributed to organic osmotic adjustment under salt stress;Na+ content in roots was higher than that in leaves.The Na+/K+ ratio of above ground was in-creased with the increasing of salt concentration.So,it was considered that Sonchus oleraceus L.might be a kind of salt-exclusion plant.

主要介绍了农杆菌介导的基因瞬时表达方法的原理、技术、影响因素及其在外源基因表达分析、启动子分析、基因沉默及防卫反应等方面的应用。

The semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique is the popular method to study the level of gene express by its simple and sensitiveness.The principles,questions of the method were introduced,and the applications were also discussed.